Pub Date : 2020-12-10DOI: 10.24018/ejers.2020.5.12.2257
Ahmed Hassanein
Production of electrical power from sources that depends on diesel produce large amounts of pollutants to the environment. Power sources that depend on renewable energy are becoming widely implemented to decrease the dependence on diesel oil. However, different electrical sources from renewable energies work at different weather conditions which make each not a fully independent solution. In this paper, we propose a design of a smart hybrid power supply system that mixes the output power of three sources of electricity which are solar panel, battery tank and the power grid. The system prioritizes the use of each source according to its availability and its environmental impact. The solar panel has the highest priority while the power grid has the lowest priority. A design that is based on logic gates is proposed and simulated using Simulink in Matlab. The simulation results agree with the theoretical expectations.
{"title":"Design of Smart Hybrid Power Supply using Logic Circuits","authors":"Ahmed Hassanein","doi":"10.24018/ejers.2020.5.12.2257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.12.2257","url":null,"abstract":"Production of electrical power from sources that depends on diesel produce large amounts of pollutants to the environment. Power sources that depend on renewable energy are becoming widely implemented to decrease the dependence on diesel oil. However, different electrical sources from renewable energies work at different weather conditions which make each not a fully independent solution. In this paper, we propose a design of a smart hybrid power supply system that mixes the output power of three sources of electricity which are solar panel, battery tank and the power grid. The system prioritizes the use of each source according to its availability and its environmental impact. The solar panel has the highest priority while the power grid has the lowest priority. A design that is based on logic gates is proposed and simulated using Simulink in Matlab. The simulation results agree with the theoretical expectations.","PeriodicalId":12029,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering Research and Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82224711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-05DOI: 10.24018/ejers.2020.5.12.2254
Hieu Bui Trong, Uyen Bui Thi Kim
It is wide known that the world has been moving towards a digital future over the years, and Industry 4.0 technologies are considered to be the way of the future. One of the most prominent of these technologies (including Block Chain, Internet of Things, Cloud Computing, Big Data, etc.) is Artificial Intelligence (AI), was introduced to develop and create “thinking machines” that are capable of mimicking, learning, and replacing human intelligence. However, its widespread acceptance as a decision-aid tool, AI has seen limited application in supply chain management (SCM). The purpose of this work is to identify the contributions of AI to SCM through a brief review of the existing literature. Besides, this paper reviews the past record of success in AI applications to SCM and identifies the most subfields of SCM in which to apply AI.
{"title":"Application of Information and Technology in Supply Chain Management: Case Study of Artificial Intelligence – A Mini Review","authors":"Hieu Bui Trong, Uyen Bui Thi Kim","doi":"10.24018/ejers.2020.5.12.2254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.12.2254","url":null,"abstract":"It is wide known that the world has been moving towards a digital future over the years, and Industry 4.0 technologies are considered to be the way of the future. One of the most prominent of these technologies (including Block Chain, Internet of Things, Cloud Computing, Big Data, etc.) is Artificial Intelligence (AI), was introduced to develop and create “thinking machines” that are capable of mimicking, learning, and replacing human intelligence. However, its widespread acceptance as a decision-aid tool, AI has seen limited application in supply chain management (SCM). The purpose of this work is to identify the contributions of AI to SCM through a brief review of the existing literature. Besides, this paper reviews the past record of success in AI applications to SCM and identifies the most subfields of SCM in which to apply AI.","PeriodicalId":12029,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering Research and Science","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91487234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-04DOI: 10.24018/ejers.2020.5.12.2232
A. Amadi, Orisa F. Ebube, Silas I. Aire, Chigoziri B. Marcus
Oil Price has been a benchmark governing the trade of oil and gas globally. It is fixed by producing countries or countries in a consortium through organizations such as Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) or a particular mix of crude oil such as the West Texas Intermediate (WTI) or Brent. The spot price and future prices of crude oil is basically determined by demand and supply, however, some external factors can have great influence on oil price. This research work will be emphasizing on the direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic as an external factor other than demand and supply on the benchmarks of oil pricing between 2000 and 2020. Having analyzed the various oil price fluctuation which have been caused by several factors over the years, this research went further to identify those significant factors, weigh them and input them into a model that will generate simulated oil prices of past, present and future benchmarks with relation to demand, supply, production cost and other external factors. This model was also validated using machine learning algorithms and real data of previous yearly average oil price noting the reasons for each spot price. Significant recommendations were made on the use of this model for fixing oil price benchmarks as variables to each benchmark are numerous.
{"title":"Effects of Covid-19 on Crude Oil Price and Future Forecast Using a Model Application and Machine Learning","authors":"A. Amadi, Orisa F. Ebube, Silas I. Aire, Chigoziri B. Marcus","doi":"10.24018/ejers.2020.5.12.2232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.12.2232","url":null,"abstract":"Oil Price has been a benchmark governing the trade of oil and gas globally. It is fixed by producing countries or countries in a consortium through organizations such as Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) or a particular mix of crude oil such as the West Texas Intermediate (WTI) or Brent. The spot price and future prices of crude oil is basically determined by demand and supply, however, some external factors can have great influence on oil price. This research work will be emphasizing on the direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic as an external factor other than demand and supply on the benchmarks of oil pricing between 2000 and 2020. Having analyzed the various oil price fluctuation which have been caused by several factors over the years, this research went further to identify those significant factors, weigh them and input them into a model that will generate simulated oil prices of past, present and future benchmarks with relation to demand, supply, production cost and other external factors. This model was also validated using machine learning algorithms and real data of previous yearly average oil price noting the reasons for each spot price. Significant recommendations were made on the use of this model for fixing oil price benchmarks as variables to each benchmark are numerous.","PeriodicalId":12029,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering Research and Science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85912476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.24018/ejers.2020.5.12.2250
W. Daywitt
This paper compares the 7-dimensional spacetime of the Planck vacuum (PV) theory to that of the Urantia Book with its total cosmological viewpoint. Results show that, where the two genres overlap, there is a total agreement between the two. The concept of “circular simultaneity” is introduced into the PV-theory lexicon. The comparison leads to the conclusion that the circular simultaneity of the Urantia Book is directly related to the annihilation equations of the electron-positron and the proton-antiproton cores of the PV theory. Juxtaposing the two genres opens up a deeper understanding for both. Appendix A introduces an aspect to mathematical modeling that is new and unique: in the present case, the Dirac cores and the PV state are now connected to a transcendental aspect of nature that far exceeds the scope of the particle-related PV model.
{"title":"Comparing the Planck-Vacuum and Urantia-Book Depictions of the Seven-Dimensional Spacetime","authors":"W. Daywitt","doi":"10.24018/ejers.2020.5.12.2250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.12.2250","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000This paper compares the 7-dimensional spacetime of the Planck vacuum (PV) theory to that of the Urantia Book with its total cosmological viewpoint. Results show that, where the two genres overlap, there is a total agreement between the two. The concept of “circular simultaneity” is introduced into the PV-theory lexicon. The comparison leads to the conclusion that the circular simultaneity of the Urantia Book is directly related to the annihilation equations of the electron-positron and the proton-antiproton cores of the PV theory. Juxtaposing the two genres opens up a deeper understanding for both. \u0000Appendix A introduces an aspect to mathematical modeling that is new and unique: in the present case, the Dirac cores and the PV state are now connected to a transcendental aspect of nature that far exceeds the scope of the particle-related PV model. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":12029,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering Research and Science","volume":"391 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87957151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.24018/ejers.2020.5.12.2240
R. Rangel, J. M. Sobrinho, A. G. Silva, C. Souto, A. Ries
This work presents a new design and performance evaluation of an energy harvester. The generator was built in the form of a double beam mechanical structure on which eight piezoelectric elements were glued and subjected to cyclic tensile and compression loads. Electrical energy is converted from mechanical vibrations generated by machines, by means of a piezoelectric material based on Lead Zirconium Titanate (PZT). Geometric dimensions of the beam structure were optimized by a finite element analysis prior to the practical construction of the device. Simulated and experimental results regarding the generator dynamics and the generated electric voltage are presented and compared. The device was evaluated for different excitations and vibration amplitudes at a frequency of 60 Hz in order to capture vibrational energy from machines at this frequency. Additionally, the generator's performance was evaluated when operating under two different real-world conditions: First, the device mounted on a condenser of an air conditioner, then on a three-phase motor pump. As a load for the piezoelectric generator, an RF circuit transmitted the ambient temperature information to a nearby computer. Correct reception of the ambient temperature value validated the ability to generate electrical power suitable for a low-power circuit. As contribution to the literature, this study demonstrates the ability of a novel piezoelectric generator design, to provide sufficient power for a circuit transmitting information from a sensor. This allows monitoring the state of a machine, using energy dissipated by mechanical vibrations in order to power the electronic systems responsible for sensing.
{"title":"Double Beam Energy Harvester Based on PZT Piezoelectrics","authors":"R. Rangel, J. M. Sobrinho, A. G. Silva, C. Souto, A. Ries","doi":"10.24018/ejers.2020.5.12.2240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.12.2240","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a new design and performance evaluation of an energy harvester. The generator was built in the form of a double beam mechanical structure on which eight piezoelectric elements were glued and subjected to cyclic tensile and compression loads. Electrical energy is converted from mechanical vibrations generated by machines, by means of a piezoelectric material based on Lead Zirconium Titanate (PZT). Geometric dimensions of the beam structure were optimized by a finite element analysis prior to the practical construction of the device. Simulated and experimental results regarding the generator dynamics and the generated electric voltage are presented and compared. The device was evaluated for different excitations and vibration amplitudes at a frequency of 60 Hz in order to capture vibrational energy from machines at this frequency. Additionally, the generator's performance was evaluated when operating under two different real-world conditions: First, the device mounted on a condenser of an air conditioner, then on a three-phase motor pump. As a load for the piezoelectric generator, an RF circuit transmitted the ambient temperature information to a nearby computer. Correct reception of the ambient temperature value validated the ability to generate electrical power suitable for a low-power circuit. As contribution to the literature, this study demonstrates the ability of a novel piezoelectric generator design, to provide sufficient power for a circuit transmitting information from a sensor. This allows monitoring the state of a machine, using energy dissipated by mechanical vibrations in order to power the electronic systems responsible for sensing.","PeriodicalId":12029,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering Research and Science","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88957070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-30DOI: 10.24018/ejers.2020.5.11.2247
M. Díaz, M. Valladares, E. C. Menchaca, J. Uruchurtu
Recently research is focused on natural organic compounds as metallic corrosion inhibitors demonstrating good corrosion protection and efficiencies. Steel corrosion behavior in acid media was evaluated in the presence of a pure natural flavonoid metabolite named Chrysin present in different plants. The evaluation of corrosion protection was studied using polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and electrochemical current density under potentiostatic conditions. Polarization curves present active dissolution and at high overpotentials two passivation regions were found. Slight corrosion protection was obtained from EIS measurements and potentiostatic curves at three different anodic potentials: -370, +216 and +600 mV, revealed a more stable passive film in the presence of Chrysin at both passive regions. High corrosion protection was obtained on the film formed at +600 mV during the first 4 hours of immersion.
{"title":"Electrochemical Evaluation of Chrysin Flavonoid as Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in Sulphuric Acid Solution","authors":"M. Díaz, M. Valladares, E. C. Menchaca, J. Uruchurtu","doi":"10.24018/ejers.2020.5.11.2247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.11.2247","url":null,"abstract":"Recently research is focused on natural organic compounds as metallic corrosion inhibitors demonstrating good corrosion protection and efficiencies. Steel corrosion behavior in acid media was evaluated in the presence of a pure natural flavonoid metabolite named Chrysin present in different plants. The evaluation of corrosion protection was studied using polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and electrochemical current density under potentiostatic conditions. Polarization curves present active dissolution and at high overpotentials two passivation regions were found. Slight corrosion protection was obtained from EIS measurements and potentiostatic curves at three different anodic potentials: -370, +216 and +600 mV, revealed a more stable passive film in the presence of Chrysin at both passive regions. High corrosion protection was obtained on the film formed at +600 mV during the first 4 hours of immersion.","PeriodicalId":12029,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering Research and Science","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88328880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-30DOI: 10.24018/ejers.2020.5.11.2249
Mabrouk Hassan Arhoma
The metal leaching behaviour of synthetically prepared contaminated soil containing 792 μg/g lead was investigated after the addition of cement. The leaching behaviour of lead was investigated using 5 grams of the soil thoroughly mixed with 0.1g of the stabilizing material in a polypropylene container to which 50ml of either deionized water,0.01M HNO3 or 0.1M HNO3 was added. The mixture was shaken on a flat bed shaker for 2h, and then filtered using a Whatman No 542 filter paper. The lead concentration in the filtrate was determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. When deionised water or 0.1MHNO3 was used, the concentration of lead in the leachate was less than 1% of the added lead in the soil. In similar experiments with 0.1M HNO3 lead retention in the presence of Portland cement was 90%. Results from the analysis of X-ray diffraction measurements on soil samples retained on the filter paper showed the formation of lead sulphate and lead carbonate when Portland cement is used to stabilize the lead contaminated soil.
{"title":"Leaching Batch Test and XRD Characterized OPC Treated Lead Contaminated Soil","authors":"Mabrouk Hassan Arhoma","doi":"10.24018/ejers.2020.5.11.2249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.11.2249","url":null,"abstract":"The metal leaching behaviour of synthetically prepared contaminated soil containing 792 μg/g lead was investigated after the addition of cement. The leaching behaviour of lead was investigated using 5 grams of the soil thoroughly mixed with 0.1g of the stabilizing material in a polypropylene container to which 50ml of either deionized water,0.01M HNO3 or 0.1M HNO3 was added. The mixture was shaken on a flat bed shaker for 2h, and then filtered using a Whatman No 542 filter paper. The lead concentration in the filtrate was determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. When deionised water or 0.1MHNO3 was used, the concentration of lead in the leachate was less than 1% of the added lead in the soil. In similar experiments with 0.1M HNO3 lead retention in the presence of Portland cement was 90%. Results from the analysis of X-ray diffraction measurements on soil samples retained on the filter paper showed the formation of lead sulphate and lead carbonate when Portland cement is used to stabilize the lead contaminated soil.","PeriodicalId":12029,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering Research and Science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80223461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-28DOI: 10.24018/ejers.2020.5.11.2228
W. Joshua
The SARS-Cov-2 pandemic has raised important concerns regarding sustainable development. With vaccines still on trial and lack of effective treatment, countries must ensure adequate measures are in place to protect and cushion the impact of the virus. In this short review, I examine the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). I aim to achieve this by looking at how non-pharmaceutical measures like lockdown, impacts negatively on the water-health-food-economy nexus, and how it affects the realization of the SDGs. The nexus between water, food, health, and economy especially in the context of the pandemic has a strong relationship that will undermine sustainable development. I argue that a large number of people from Sub-Saharan Africa have largely been marginalized economically and socially and that despite having low numbers of positive cases, the region will significantly be impacted due to underlying issues relating to poverty, hunger, poor education and health systems. Although I project to see a relatively improved health sector due to the funds injected into the sector to curtail the pandemic, food-water-economy will drastically impact on sustainable development in the region. There is therefore the need to address the issue by adopting a measure that looks at the nexus between food, water, health, and economy. The root problem underlying the inequity in the health, water food and economic sectors, exposed by the pandemic must be addressed, not just to prepare for another pandemic but to care for people in resource-poor settings in non-pandemic times and ensure sustainable development.
{"title":"The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Water-Health-Food-Economy Nexus and Sustainable Development in Developing Countries","authors":"W. Joshua","doi":"10.24018/ejers.2020.5.11.2228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.11.2228","url":null,"abstract":"The SARS-Cov-2 pandemic has raised important concerns regarding sustainable development. With vaccines still on trial and lack of effective treatment, countries must ensure adequate measures are in place to protect and cushion the impact of the virus. In this short review, I examine the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). I aim to achieve this by looking at how non-pharmaceutical measures like lockdown, impacts negatively on the water-health-food-economy nexus, and how it affects the realization of the SDGs. The nexus between water, food, health, and economy especially in the context of the pandemic has a strong relationship that will undermine sustainable development. I argue that a large number of people from Sub-Saharan Africa have largely been marginalized economically and socially and that despite having low numbers of positive cases, the region will significantly be impacted due to underlying issues relating to poverty, hunger, poor education and health systems. Although I project to see a relatively improved health sector due to the funds injected into the sector to curtail the pandemic, food-water-economy will drastically impact on sustainable development in the region. There is therefore the need to address the issue by adopting a measure that looks at the nexus between food, water, health, and economy. The root problem underlying the inequity in the health, water food and economic sectors, exposed by the pandemic must be addressed, not just to prepare for another pandemic but to care for people in resource-poor settings in non-pandemic times and ensure sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":12029,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering Research and Science","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87734050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-27DOI: 10.24018/ejers.2020.5.11.2233
Zacchaeus Adesakin Adetona, J. Ogunyemi, I. Bitrus
The perennial inadequate power supply problem in Nigeria, the worldwide call for green energy and the unavailability of grid electrical supply or difficulty in accessing it have created a need for the adoption of renewable energy such as solar PV systems. PV systems have a lifespan ranging from 10 to 25 years if well maintained but it has been observed that PV systems do not last up to their useful lifespan in Nigeria. A preliminary survey carried out showed that 71.2% of sample did not carry out any maintenance on their PV installations, 85.7% agreed that a lack of maintenance was responsible for their nonfunctional PV systems and 95% of the respondents agreed that there was a lack of maintenance on PV installations in Nigeria. A maintenance regime was developed for PV systems whereby a maintenance personnel is appointed to carry out routine or breakdown maintenance on solar panels, charge controller, battery, inverter, and cabling. The regime starts with turning off power coming from the solar panels. The maintenance of the solar panels follows; next is maintenance on all cable wiring and terminations. After all cable terminations have been checked, the battery maintenance follows. The charge controller is then checked for maintenance and subsequently, power from solar panels can be switched on to restore charging. Two protective installations were recommended in the maintenance regime namely the installation of earthing and DC circuit breakers to protect the solar system installation.
{"title":"Maintenance Management Regime for Off-Grid Solar PV Renewable Energy System in Nigeria","authors":"Zacchaeus Adesakin Adetona, J. Ogunyemi, I. Bitrus","doi":"10.24018/ejers.2020.5.11.2233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.11.2233","url":null,"abstract":"The perennial inadequate power supply problem in Nigeria, the worldwide call for green energy and the unavailability of grid electrical supply or difficulty in accessing it have created a need for the adoption of renewable energy such as solar PV systems. PV systems have a lifespan ranging from 10 to 25 years if well maintained but it has been observed that PV systems do not last up to their useful lifespan in Nigeria. A preliminary survey carried out showed that 71.2% of sample did not carry out any maintenance on their PV installations, 85.7% agreed that a lack of maintenance was responsible for their nonfunctional PV systems and 95% of the respondents agreed that there was a lack of maintenance on PV installations in Nigeria. A maintenance regime was developed for PV systems whereby a maintenance personnel is appointed to carry out routine or breakdown maintenance on solar panels, charge controller, battery, inverter, and cabling. The regime starts with turning off power coming from the solar panels. The maintenance of the solar panels follows; next is maintenance on all cable wiring and terminations. After all cable terminations have been checked, the battery maintenance follows. The charge controller is then checked for maintenance and subsequently, power from solar panels can be switched on to restore charging. Two protective installations were recommended in the maintenance regime namely the installation of earthing and DC circuit breakers to protect the solar system installation.","PeriodicalId":12029,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering Research and Science","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80980626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-25DOI: 10.24018/ejers.2020.5.11.2236
A. Elhag
This study aims to investigate the efficiency and adequacy of Sudan Housing Plan that aims to attain the goal of the provision of comfortable and affordable houses for those who get a low income. Two districts were chosen as a study area. Alazhari Block 3 and Alawda housing project located in the south of Khartoum. BK3 representing the sites and service brand, furthermore, Alawda represents core buildings (flats) type. Both areas have been monitored for 16 years (2004 - 2020) using satellite imageries, local services committee queries, and field surveying. The study showed that only 34% percent of the 678 parcels of BK3 was built up and only 3% of the buildings were occupied for 30 years, suffering the deficiency of basic services, while 100% of Alawda 1216 flats were built and occupied with full services in 3 years. This gives the credit of efficiency and adequacy to the core type on the site and services type.
{"title":"Assessment of Efficiency and Sustainability of Housing Plan in Khartoum","authors":"A. Elhag","doi":"10.24018/ejers.2020.5.11.2236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.11.2236","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate the efficiency and adequacy of Sudan Housing Plan that aims to attain the goal of the provision of comfortable and affordable houses for those who get a low income. Two districts were chosen as a study area. Alazhari Block 3 and Alawda housing project located in the south of Khartoum. BK3 representing the sites and service brand, furthermore, Alawda represents core buildings (flats) type. Both areas have been monitored for 16 years (2004 - 2020) using satellite imageries, local services committee queries, and field surveying. The study showed that only 34% percent of the 678 parcels of BK3 was built up and only 3% of the buildings were occupied for 30 years, suffering the deficiency of basic services, while 100% of Alawda 1216 flats were built and occupied with full services in 3 years. This gives the credit of efficiency and adequacy to the core type on the site and services type.","PeriodicalId":12029,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering Research and Science","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73827325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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