European Journal of Nutrition最新文献

Purpose: To develop and evaluate an anti-inflammatory dietary index based on the specific dietary culture and preference among Chinese adults.

Methods: A total of 6322 participants were included and were further separated into a training (n = 4514) and a validation set (n = 1808). In the training set, we utilized reduced rank regression to derive a dietary index based on the intake of 33 food groups and five pre-identified anti-inflammatory nutrients. In the validation set, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured, and a total inflammation score (TIS) was constructed. Pearson partial correlation analysis and multivariate generalized linear regression were applied to explore the relationship between dietary indices and inflammatory biomarkers.

Results: The derived dietary index, termed Nutrient-derived Anti-inflammatory Dietary Index (NADI), mainly characterized by a higher intake of fresh vegetables and fruits, mushrooms and fungi, soybeans, fresh eggs, and tea, alongside a lower intake of red meat, alcohol, and refined grains. NADI significantly correlated with several well-established dietary indices. Participants in the highest quintile of NADI had lower plasma levels of IL-1β (relative concentration [RC]: 0.67, 95% CI 0.58 ~ 0.77), hs-CRP (RC: 0.68, 95% CI 0.58 ~ 0.80), and TIS (RC: 0.43, 95% CI 0.31 ~ 0.59) compared with the lowest quintile in the fully adjusted model. Results were similar in subgroups and sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions: NADI effectively captures inflammation-related dietary quality and could serve as a valuable instrument for evaluating the impact of dietary inflammatory potential on health outcomes in Chinese adults.

Purpose: Eating behaviours influence food intake and long-term eating habits. This study aimed to assess the association between specific eating behaviour traits and the consumption of food and beverage in children aged 3 to 6 years, based on data from the CORAL study.

Methods: Data were obtained from the Spanish CORAL study, a 10-year longitudinal cohort including 1407 participants (699 boys, 708 girls; 4.8 ± 1.0 years). Eating behaviours were assessed using the Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) and dietary intake was measured using a validated COME-Kids Food and Beverage Frequency Questionnaire. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to identify dietary patterns. Associations were analysed with multivariable linear regression adjusted for covariates.

Results: In both sexes, higher Enjoyment of Food scores were associated with greater consumption of fish, fruits, vegetables, pulses, whole grains, and lower consumption of sweets. In contrast, higher Food Fussiness scores were associated with lower consumption of fruits, vegetables, fish, and pulses, and higher intake of sweets. PCA revealed five dietary patterns per sex, explaining 36.62% of the variance in boys and 36.07% in girls. Enjoyment of Food and Food Fussiness were the traits most strongly associated with distinct dietary patterns (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Eating behaviour traits are clearly associated with diet quality in early childhood. Enjoyment of Food supports healthier eating, while Food Fussiness may compromise it. These findings may inform early prevention strategies to encourage healthy eating habits and reduce the risk of childhood overweight and obesity.

Objective: To investigate the level of dietary choline intake among pregnant women during late pregnancy and its association with the early neurobehavioral development of their offspring.

Methods: This study was a prospective cohort study. Convenience sampling was employed to recruit pregnant women hospitalized in the Obstetrics Department of the Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University from November 2023 to December 2024. The semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess dietary choline intake and other nutrient intakes among pregnant women during late pregnancy. The infants were evaluated at 1, 3 and 6 months of age using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development Revised in Chinese Cities (BSID-CR). In addition, the potential relationship between maternal dietary choline intake and infants' intelligence score, motor score, Mental Development Index (MDI), and Psychomotor Development Index (PDI) were analyzed by generalized estimating equations.

Results: A total of 256 mother-infant pairs were included in the analysis. Maternal dietary choline intake during late pregnancy was 343.35 (332.20, 354.73) mg/d, with only 1.56% of the pregnant women meeting the Adequate Intake (AI). Mothers and infants were categorized into four groups (Q1 to Q4) based on the quartiles of energy-adjusted dietary choline intake, ranging from low to high. Generalized estimating equations indicated that the four groups exhibited statistically significant differences in the changes in infants' intelligence scores (Waldχ² = 12.842, P = 0.005), motor scores (Waldχ² = 8.981, P = 0.030), MDI (Waldχ² = 13.447, P = 0.004), and PDI (Waldχ² = 12.209, P = 0.007). After adjustment for confounding factors, the four groups showed statistically significant differences in the changes in intelligence scores (Waldχ² = 11.873, P = 0.008), MDI (Waldχ² = 11.710, P = 0.008), and PDI (Waldχ² = 10.318, P = 0.016), while no significant differences were found in the changes in motor scores (Waldχ² = 6.609, P = 0.085).

Conclusions: Maternal dietary choline intake was significantly associated with intelligence scores, MDI and PDI in infants. Additionally, the dietary choline intake of pregnant women in late pregnancy was notably insufficient. It is recommended that medical staff should pay attention to the choline intake of pregnant women and develop nutrient intervention programs to enhance the health of both mothers and infants. However, no causal inferences can be made from this study.