European Journal of Nutrition最新文献

Background: Neonatal obesity has profound effects across the entire life. Although maternal diet and environmental exposures such as high altitude are potential influencing factors, the modulating effects of the unique high-altitude environment and distinct ethnic dietary patterns prevalent on the Tibetan Plateau remain unexplored. To investigate this association, we utilized Compositional Data Analysis (CoDA) to model dietary patterns.

Aim: This study aims to investigate the associations between maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and neonatal obesity, examining the potential modification effect by altitude and ethnicity. Furthermore, we apply the CoDA approach to quantify the impact of dietary redistribution on obesity risk. The findings are expected to inform targeted dietary interventions and public health strategies for high-risk populations.

Method: A birth cohort study encompassed 1173 pregnant women from the Tibetan Plateau. Dietary intake frequency during pregnancy was assessed using the food frequency questionnaire. Principal component analysis was used to identify the dietary patterns. Linear and logistic regression was used to examine the associations between dietary patterns and neonatal obesity. CoDA was employed to assess the association between redistribution of diet servings during pregnancy and altered risk of high ponderal index (HPI).

Results: Of the total 1173 mother-neonate pairs, 40.3% were Tibetans, 22.7% resided in ultra-high altitude areas, and 4.9% of neonates had obesity. Four dietary patterns were identified. A higher protein-fruit pattern score was significantly associated with a lower risk of HPI (OR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.47-0.93). We also observed a modification effect by altitude (P_interaction = 0.026). Stratified by living altitude, this association was statistically significant only in Tibetans who lived in ultra-high altitude areas (OR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.20-0.69, P = 0.003). Composition of data analysis showed that when fruit consumption increased, estimated Δβ of HPI and z-score of ponderal index (PI) decreased.

Conclusion: Higher adherence to protein-fruit dietary patterns during pregnancy was negatively associated with neonatal obesity in the Tibetans living in ultra-high altitude areas. Encouraging healthy diets during pregnancy, particularly through initiatives such as increasing fruit intake, may help to prevent neonatal obesity.

Purpose: Diet plays an important role in the development of depression, but the impact of dietary patterns on mortality in individuals with depression is unclear. This study investigated the associations of six established dietary patterns with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in adults with depression.

Methods: We included 5,368 UK Biobank participants (enrolled 2006-2010) with depression and had at least one 24-h dietary assessment after their diagnosis. Dietary data were collected at baseline and through four online follow-ups. Six dietary scores were derived: dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH), dietary inflammatory index (DII), healthy eating food index-2019 (HEFI-2019), healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI), mediterranean diet score (MDS), and World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) food score. Cox proportional hazards regression estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality.

Results: Over a median follow-up of approximately 4,370 days, 342 participants died, including 57 from CVD and 159 from cancer. Each quintile increment in DASH (HR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.85-0.99]), HEFI-2019 (HR, 0.90 [0.83-0.97]), and MDS (HR, 0.90 [0.83-0.97]) was associated with lower all-cause mortality. HEFI-2019 was also significantly associated with lower CVD mortality (HR, 0.79 [0.64-0.96]). Reduced mortality was largely driven by higher fish intake and lower consumption of non-whole grains, fats, free sugars, and sodium.

Conclusion: Among individuals with depression, greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet and HEFI-2019 was linked to reduced mortality. These findings suggest that healthy dietary patterns may play a supportive role in the long-term health of individuals with depression.

Purpose: Long-distance running induces marked increases in inflammation and muscle damage. Tart cherries (TC) have become a popular nutritional strategy for exercise recovery, particularly for attenuation of markers associated with muscle damage and inflammation.

Research question: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a yet-to-be-explored cultivar (Vistula) of TC on recovery following a marathon.

Methods: Thirty-five recreationally trained marathon runners (mean ± SD age, stature, and mass were 40 ± 10 years old, 176.5 ± 10.2 cm, and 78.8 ± 13.8 kg, respectively) completed an undulating marathon course. Participants were randomised to receive either freeze-dried TC powder or calorie-matched placebo (17 TC, 18 placebo) for 7 days, with the marathon on day 5 of supplementation. Maximal voluntary contractions (MVC), counter movement jumps (CMJ), muscle soreness (DOMS), plasma creatine kinase (CK), and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were assessed before, immediately after, and at 24- and 48-h post marathon.

Results: There were significant changes over time for all variables (p < 0.001) indicating muscle damage. There were no treatment or interaction effects for MVC, CMJ, DOMS, and CK (p > 0.2). However, there was a treatment effect for hs-CRP, where the TC group experienced lower levels of hs-CRP (mean ± SD during recovery: TC 7.9 ± 3.5, placebo 12.5 ± 5.1 mg/L, p = 0.031).

Conclusions: The marathon caused changes in muscle damage and inflammation indices. Despite no functional or soreness differences, the TC group showed lower inflammation levels, offering insights into Vistula tart cherries for recovery.

Purpose: Few studies have examined the association between dietary nutrients and subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs), which are potential predictors of Alzheimer's disease-related dementia (ADRD). We aimed to examine the association of midlife intake of macronutrients, as well as of a few other nutrients, with SCC development.

Methods: We included 5119 participants who responded to the 2018 or 2020 follow-up questionnaire of the New York University Women's Health Study. Dietary data were collected using a validated self-administered Block food frequency questionnaire, and nutrient intake were calculated using food lists and food composition tables. SCCs were assessed using a standardized questionnaire.

Results: Dietary intakes of fiber, carbohydrates, and potassium were inversely associated with having ≥ 2 SCC (p-trend = 0.0047, 0.026, and 0.0015, respectively), whereas higher intakes of total fat and saturated fat, as well as a higher ratio of fat to carbohydrates, were positively associated with ≥ 2 SCCs (p-trend = < 0.0001, 0.0015, and 0.0025, respectively). The positive associations of total fat intake and the log-ratio of fat to carbohydrates with ≥ 2 SCCs remained significant after controlling for other nutrients (p-trend = 0.008 and 0.036, respectively). The association between total fat intake and SCCs was stronger among participants with lower caloric intake (< median = 1430 kcal) compared with those consuming higher intake (≥ 1430 kcal) (p-value for interaction = 0.0049). The associations did not differ appreciably by other factors.

Conclusion: We observed a positive association between midlife dietary fat intakes and SCCs in later life in a cohort of women.

Purpose: This study investigated the basic composition, in vitro digestibility, biological activities, and potential bioactive peptides of Pacific oyster (PO), Mytilus edulis (ME), Argopecten irradians (AIS), and Meretrix meretrix L. (MML) after simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGD).

Methods: SGD products were prepared using the INFOGEST 2.0 model, and their nutritional properties and biological activities were analyzed. A comprehensive peptidomic profiling of the digested samples was conducted using nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nano-LC MS/MS) analysis.

Results: All four shellfish exhibited a nutritional profile characterized by high protein and low-fat content. The digestibility of shellfish increased progressively, while the average molecular weight (MW) of the hydrolysates gradually decreased during SGD, with the intestinal hydrolysates showing the highest overall digestibility. Biological activity analysis demonstrated that intestinal digestion products from all four species exhibited notable ABTS radical scavenging activity and α-glucosidase inhibition activity, with PO and ME exhibiting the strongest effects. A total of 349, 99, 314 and 105peptides were identified from the digestion products of PO, ME, AIS, and MML, respectively. Among these, PO and AIS showed the highest sequence similarity, sharing 69 identical peptides. By contrast, MML displayed distinct peptidomic characteristics, including a higher proportion of large MW peptides.

Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive peptide catalog of shellfish digestion products and offers new insights into the biological activities of shellfish-derived peptides, supporting their potential as functional food resources.

Protein is an essential nutrient, but the detrimental effects of excess dietary protein on gut health are often overlooked. Protein fermentation by colonic microbiota may impair barrier function by increasing toxic metabolite production. We previously identified sex-by-protein interactions affecting the microbiota and its metabolites in vitro. Do sex-by-protein interactions in colonic protein fermentation lead to a sexually dimorphic response in gut barrier function in vivo? We hypothesised that high-protein diets would elicit sex-specific effects on microbiota and barrier function. Twenty sibling-matched male (n = 10) and female (n = 10) piglets were fed high-protein (28%) or standard-protein (SP; 18%) diets for four weeks. Bacterial populations were assessed using 16 S rRNA sequencing, urinary metabolites via SPME/GC-MS, and gut barrier proteins via quantitative fluorescence immunohistology. High-protein diets increased bacteria-derived p-cresol and reduced E-cadherin and CD45 + protein expression without altering microbiota composition. Females on high-protein diets had greater abundances of Staphylococcus and Chryseobacterium, elevated p-cresol, and reduced ZO-1 expression compared to males. High-protein diets appear to reduce barrier function and increase protein-associated toxic metabolite production in sexually dimorphic manners in pigs. If these results are replicated in humans, it indicates requirements for sex-specific nutritional strategies.