European Journal of Nutrition最新文献

Purpose: A ketogenic diet (KD), high in fat and low in carbohydrates, induces ketosis characterized by elevated circulating ketone bodies. While both KD and ketone bodies have demonstrated therapeutic potential in various pathophysiological conditions, their effect on inflammatory bowel diseases remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a KD and ketone ester (KE), an ingestible form of ketone bodies, on intestinal inflammation.

Methods: Acute dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)- and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced murine colitis models were used to evaluate and compare the effects of KD feeding and KE supplementation on intestinal inflammation, the mucus barrier and gut microbiota composition.

Results: KD feeding did not significantly affect colitis activity, whereas KE supplementation alleviated colitis in both models investigated. KE-induced mitigation of colitis was associated with increased mucin2 expression, indicating enhanced colonic mucus barrier integrity. KE supplementation also improved goblet cell function and differentiation, as evidenced by increased goblet cell numbers and the upregulation of goblet cell differentiation markers. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that KE supplementation resulted in higher abundances of mucus-degrading Akkermansia, a genus believed to play a key role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis.

Conclusion: The present study suggests that KE represent an effective anti-inflammatory dietary supplement in the context of acute colitis, potentially by modulating mucin2 expression, goblet cell differentiation, and the abundance of Akkermansia. Although promising, these findings remain preliminary, and further investigations are needed to explore the therapeutic potential of KE as a dietary supplement in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Interest in plant-based protein in the UK is increasing due to health, environmental, and ethical considerations. Recent studies have explored how different protein sources impact satiety and related gut hormone responses, with evidence suggesting varied responses between animal-based and plant-based proteins. Skewed protein intake patterns, especially at breakfast, present an opportunity for improving dietary protein distribution in populations who may require increased protein intake but often face appetite reductions. This study determined the acute effect of consuming a plant-based, high protein drink containing 30 g of protein (HPDp); an animal-based, high protein breakfast containing 30 g of protein (HPBa); and a low-protein (10 g), high-carbohydrate breakfast (HCLPB) on satiety hormone responses, subjective appetite and subsequent energy intake in older and younger populations when consumed at breakfast. Eighteen heathy adults completed this within-subject, counterbalanced, cross-over study, (12 under 35 years of age and six over 65 years of age). Measurements for appetite were obtained at baseline, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210 and 240 min, and plasma, GLP-1 and PYY at baseline, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 min post breakfast consumption. No difference in appetitive responses was found between the HPDp and the energy- and protein-matched HPBa, with both eliciting greater GLP-1 and PYY (both p < 0.004) responses compared with a high carbohydrate, low protein meal. Subjective appetite was also suppressed to a greater extent with HPDp compared with HCLPB (p = 0.001). No differences were observed in ad libitum energy intake.

Purpose: With the growing demand for sustainable and high-quality protein sources, evaluating their digestibility and amino acid availability is essential for human nutrition. The objective of this study was to assess the digestibility and Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS) of two novel protein sources, barley protein concentrate (BPC) and corn protein concentrate (CPC), using a minipig model as a proxy for human digestion METHODS: A T-cannulated minipig model (n = 6) was employed in a crossover design to measure standardized ileal amino acids (AA) digestibility and calculate DIAAS values, following Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) guidelines. Each protein source was tested alongside a protein-free diet to estimate basal endogenous AA losses.

Results: BPC exhibited a stable AA profile with an overall digestibility of 92.5%, while CPC had a digestibility of 88.9%. Lysine was identified as the most limiting AA in both proteins. The DIAAS values for BPC were 31, 38, and 45 for infants, children, and adults, respectively; for CPC, the values were 45, 54, and 64.

Conclusion: These findings highlight the potential of BPC and CPC as valuable protein sources for human consumption.

Objective: Dietary intake plays a pivotal role in sustaining optimal melatonin levels, while the relationship between dietary patterns and circulating melatonin levels remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the associations between dietary patterns, nutrient intake, and serum melatonin levels in the Chinese population.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 6,521 Chinese adults. Three dietary patterns were identified through principal component analysis. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the associations between dietary patterns and serum melatonin levels. The covariance analysis and partial least squares regression was used to evaluate the association between micronutrient intake and serum melatonin concentrations.

Results: The Dietary pattern 2 (DP2), characterized by high intake of fatty foods and red meat with the lowest Dietary Variety Score (DVS), and DP3 featuring high consumption of red meat, fruits, and vegetables but low intake of white meat and aquatic products with low DVS, were significantly associated with lower serum melatonin levels (DP2: β = - 0.12, P-trend < 0.001; DP3: β = - 0.13, P-trend < 0.001). Insufficient nutrient and quality intake of dietary fiber, potassium, vitamin B2, calcium, and magnesium was found in DP2, whereas DP3 showed inadequate intake of protein, cholesterol, vitamin B2, niacin, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, selenium, and iron.

Conclusion: Specific dietary patterns, low dietary diversity and nutrient deficiencies are associated to reduced melatonin levels. These findings reveal distinct mechanisms linking overall dietary patterns to serum melatonin concentrations, underscoring the importance of appropriate dietary patterns and nutrients intake in sustaining optimal circulating melatonin homeostasis in humans.

Purpose: Healthy and sustainable diets promote individual health and well-being while minimizing environmental impact. Although the concept of sustainable diets has gained increasing attention, the extent to which nutritional adequacy aligns with overall dietary sustainability remains unclear, particularly in the Portuguese context, where dietary patterns reflect both Mediterranean and Western influences. The study aims to assess the association between sustainable and healthy diet adherence and nutritional adequacy among Portuguese adults.

Methods: Data was gathered using a self-administered questionnaire between October and December 2022 from 347 adults. The Sustainable and Healthy Eating Diet index was used to assess adherence to a sustainable and healthy diet. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to record dietary consumption. Nutrient inadequacy was defined as an intake below the dietary reference values set by the European Food Safety Authority for 18 selected nutrients.

Results: The prevalence of inadequacy for dietary fibre, vitamins A, E, C, folate and potassium was higher in participants with low adherence to a sustainable and healthy diet. After adjusting for confounders, participants with higher adherence to a sustainable and healthy diet were less likely to have inadequate intake of dietary fibre (OR = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.06,0.32), vitamin A (OR = 0.11, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.54), vitamin E (OR = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.29), B6 (OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.81), folate (OR = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.31), vitamin C (OR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.43), selenium (OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.99), and potassium (OR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.51). Participants with higher adherence to a sustainable and healthy diet were also less likely to have six or more inadequacies in nutrient intake (OR: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.23).

Conclusion: Individuals who more closely follow a sustainable and healthy diet tend to achieve better nutritional adequacy.

Background: Added sugars are now acknowledged as a risk factor for obesity, insulin resistance, and purine degradation pathways. However, there has been limited evidence on the association between added sugars and hyperuricemia. Therefore, we designed a cohort study to examine whether added sugar intake increased the risk of hyperuricemia in Chinese adults.

Methods: This prospective cohort study investigated 19,745 participants (mean age: 39.5 years; 9,837 [49.8%] males) who were free of hyperuricemia, cardiovascular disease, and cancer at baseline. Added sugar intake was estimated from a validated 100-item self-administered food frequency questionnaire. Hyperuricemia was defined as serum uric acid levels ≥ 7.0 mg/dL in males and ≥ 6 mg/dL in females. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the association between added sugar intake and the risk of hyperuricemia.

Results: During a median follow-up of 4.2 years, a total of 4,246 first incident cases of hyperuricemia occurred. After adjusting for various potential confounders, the multivariable hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the risk of hyperuricemia in the highest quartile of total, liquid, and solid sugar intake compared with the lowest quartile were 1.29 (1.17, 1.42), 1.32 (1.21, 1.45), and 1.11 (1.01, 1.22), respectively.

Conclusions: This population-based prospective cohort study firstly demonstrated that increased added sugar intake was associated with the risk of hyperuricemia in Chinese adults.

Purpose: The present study aims at substantiation of cause-and-effect relationships via a combination of ranking studies and statistical modelling of the highest scoring studies.

Methods: Due to the fact that independent datasets of studies identified in the ranking part of the study were difficult to obtain the second part was performed using a different aim. The ranking part concentrated around studies on the association between vitamin D status and severity (morbidity/mortality) of COVID-19 infection in hospitalized patients with criteria focussing on physiological and statistical relevance. The topic of the second part of our study changed into the impact of postbiotic consumption on infectious episodes in children to accommodate testing the statistical modelling approach. The latter consisted of the construction of a multivariate confounding model based on the data of one study and subsequent validation of the achieved model via data of an independent study with a similar experimental design. Sensitivity and specificity were assessed in both studies applying discriminant analysis.

Results: The first part of our project consisted of five statistically-based criteria to rank the various studies resulting in the highest score obtained by Hernandez et al. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 106, e1343-e1353. 10.1210/clinem/dgaa733, 2021). Subsequently, the second part using the datasets of the postbiotic studies yielded a significant model showing impact by consumption of the postbiotic on the reduction of infectious episodes. The sensitivity and specificity outcome ranged between 68 to 94%. Importantly changing the datasets did not affect the significant impact of the postbiotic.

Conclusion: The combination of a ranking and a statistical modelling approach supports the validation of causal-effect relationships via objective criteria.