Pub Date : 2022-10-30DOI: 10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967303
Muhammad Izzudin Ahmad Asri, Mohammed Nazibul Hasan, Y. M. Yunos, Marwan Nafea, Mohamed Sultan Mohamed Ali
Surface acoustic wave (SAW) gas sensors with a nanostructured material-based sensing layer are highly desirable in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) gas sensors to achieve improved sensitivity, time response, and recovery time. Herein, a novel SAW gas sensor with a nanostructured silicon (Si)-based sensing layer was developed. Finite element analysis was employed to determine the dimensions of the sensing material. Moreover, a SAW sensor with a four-pair input/output aluminium interdigital transducer (IDT) was fabricated and tested with carbon dioxide gas (CO2), with a concentration in the range of 500–2000 ppm. The results reveal that an Si nanostructure produces better sensitivity, and faster response and recovery time, compared to a layered Si-based SAW sensor. At 2000 ppm, a frequency shift of 4.62 kHz was recorded, while the time response and recovery time of 31 s and 40.5 s was reported, respectively. The proposed Si nanostructure as the sensing layer for the SAW gas sensor demonstrated significant performance with higher sensitivity than previously reported devices, and has the potential to act as a next generation MEMS SAW gas sensor.
{"title":"Silicon Nanostructure based Surface Acoustic Wave Gas Sensor","authors":"Muhammad Izzudin Ahmad Asri, Mohammed Nazibul Hasan, Y. M. Yunos, Marwan Nafea, Mohamed Sultan Mohamed Ali","doi":"10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967303","url":null,"abstract":"Surface acoustic wave (SAW) gas sensors with a nanostructured material-based sensing layer are highly desirable in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) gas sensors to achieve improved sensitivity, time response, and recovery time. Herein, a novel SAW gas sensor with a nanostructured silicon (Si)-based sensing layer was developed. Finite element analysis was employed to determine the dimensions of the sensing material. Moreover, a SAW sensor with a four-pair input/output aluminium interdigital transducer (IDT) was fabricated and tested with carbon dioxide gas (CO2), with a concentration in the range of 500–2000 ppm. The results reveal that an Si nanostructure produces better sensitivity, and faster response and recovery time, compared to a layered Si-based SAW sensor. At 2000 ppm, a frequency shift of 4.62 kHz was recorded, while the time response and recovery time of 31 s and 40.5 s was reported, respectively. The proposed Si nanostructure as the sensing layer for the SAW gas sensor demonstrated significant performance with higher sensitivity than previously reported devices, and has the potential to act as a next generation MEMS SAW gas sensor.","PeriodicalId":120357,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Sensors","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127114425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-30DOI: 10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967280
H. Emani, V. Palaniappan, D. Maddipatla, B. Bazuin, Qingliu Wu, M. Atashbar
A flexible anode was developed with 2D material MXenes (Ti3C2Tx) which gained attention recently as energy storage materials. MXenes were synthesized using Lewis acidic etching process from MAX phase powder (Ti3SiC2) and molten salts such as copper chloride (CuCl2), sodium chloride (NaCl) and potassium chloride (KCl). The synthesized MXenes when used as anode material were able to deliver a specific capacity close to 300 mAh/g at 0.1C. Laser patterning was added to the fabrication process to introduce secondary pore networks (SPN's) with pore diameter of $61 mumathrm{m}$ and edge-to-edge distance of $67 mumathrm{m}$ into the electrode. Electrochemical performance was evaluated for bar-coated, and laser patterned electrodes inside a CR 2032 half coin-cell with ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate (EC: DEC) in 50/50 (v/v) mixed in 1.0M lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) as electrolyte. Cells with laser patterning showed superior performance at high C-rates such as 2C and 4C with specific capacities of 229 mAh/g and 202 mAh/g.
{"title":"Novel Laser Patterned MXene Based Anodes For High Capacity Fast Charging Li-Ion Batteries","authors":"H. Emani, V. Palaniappan, D. Maddipatla, B. Bazuin, Qingliu Wu, M. Atashbar","doi":"10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967280","url":null,"abstract":"A flexible anode was developed with 2D material MXenes (Ti3C2Tx) which gained attention recently as energy storage materials. MXenes were synthesized using Lewis acidic etching process from MAX phase powder (Ti3SiC2) and molten salts such as copper chloride (CuCl2), sodium chloride (NaCl) and potassium chloride (KCl). The synthesized MXenes when used as anode material were able to deliver a specific capacity close to 300 mAh/g at 0.1C. Laser patterning was added to the fabrication process to introduce secondary pore networks (SPN's) with pore diameter of $61 mumathrm{m}$ and edge-to-edge distance of $67 mumathrm{m}$ into the electrode. Electrochemical performance was evaluated for bar-coated, and laser patterned electrodes inside a CR 2032 half coin-cell with ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate (EC: DEC) in 50/50 (v/v) mixed in 1.0M lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) as electrolyte. Cells with laser patterning showed superior performance at high C-rates such as 2C and 4C with specific capacities of 229 mAh/g and 202 mAh/g.","PeriodicalId":120357,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Sensors","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125839385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-30DOI: 10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967151
Ryotaro Kawahara, T. Kawamoto
We propose an electric-leakage detection system for remote monitoring of street fixtures, such as streetlights. The electric-leakage phenomena caused by the aging of underground power lines can be hazardous. Since various street fixtures are installed at a wide variety of locations, there is a need for a detection system that is easy to install and applicable to multiple fixtures. The proposed system consists of a non-contact electric-field sensor and method of calculating the electric-leakage voltage. The sensor measures the degree of the object voltage without any Ohmic contact by measuring the electric-field strength radiated from the fixture, making the sensor easy to install. However, even fixtures in the same hazardous will radiate different electric-fields since their structures differ. The finite element method simulation is conducted to determine the conversion factor related to the structure of a fixture. A streetlight, which is particularly prone to leakage, was modeled as a cylindrical metal pole, then the conversion factor was calculated with respect to the radius and height of the sensor. From a pseudo-electric-leakage detection experiment using prototypes of the sensor, a linear response of 93% accuracy was obtained for an applied voltage of 0-10 V.
{"title":"Electric-Leakage Detection System based on Non-contact Electric-field Sensor for Remote Street Fixture Monitoring","authors":"Ryotaro Kawahara, T. Kawamoto","doi":"10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967151","url":null,"abstract":"We propose an electric-leakage detection system for remote monitoring of street fixtures, such as streetlights. The electric-leakage phenomena caused by the aging of underground power lines can be hazardous. Since various street fixtures are installed at a wide variety of locations, there is a need for a detection system that is easy to install and applicable to multiple fixtures. The proposed system consists of a non-contact electric-field sensor and method of calculating the electric-leakage voltage. The sensor measures the degree of the object voltage without any Ohmic contact by measuring the electric-field strength radiated from the fixture, making the sensor easy to install. However, even fixtures in the same hazardous will radiate different electric-fields since their structures differ. The finite element method simulation is conducted to determine the conversion factor related to the structure of a fixture. A streetlight, which is particularly prone to leakage, was modeled as a cylindrical metal pole, then the conversion factor was calculated with respect to the radius and height of the sensor. From a pseudo-electric-leakage detection experiment using prototypes of the sensor, a linear response of 93% accuracy was obtained for an applied voltage of 0-10 V.","PeriodicalId":120357,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Sensors","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126394276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-30DOI: 10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967274
Hamed Nikfarjam, S. Sheikhlari, S. Pourkamali
This work describes a simple low-cost method to prevent stiction in low-stiffness suspended microstructures via naphthalene sublimation. Different microstructure types with different lengths and therefore different stiffness were fabricated and released using this technique. The results show great improvement when compared to water release. The method uses naphthalene crystal sediments acting as temporary support underneath and between suspended microstructures during solvent evaporation. Results show a significant reduction of stiction compared to similar structures released and dried without this procedure.
{"title":"Stiction Reduction in MEMS Fabrication via Naphthalene Sublimation","authors":"Hamed Nikfarjam, S. Sheikhlari, S. Pourkamali","doi":"10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967274","url":null,"abstract":"This work describes a simple low-cost method to prevent stiction in low-stiffness suspended microstructures via naphthalene sublimation. Different microstructure types with different lengths and therefore different stiffness were fabricated and released using this technique. The results show great improvement when compared to water release. The method uses naphthalene crystal sediments acting as temporary support underneath and between suspended microstructures during solvent evaporation. Results show a significant reduction of stiction compared to similar structures released and dried without this procedure.","PeriodicalId":120357,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Sensors","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129054583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-30DOI: 10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967098
M. Šimić, D. Ambruš, V. Bilas
In this paper, we present a novel approach to metallic object depth estimation using a pulse induction metal detector in combination with an electromagnetic tracking system. A dipole approximation model is used for modeling the spatial response of the metal detector, while 1D-convolutional neural network is employed for depth estimation. The proposed algorithm is experimentally validated in laboratory conditions. Given a single horizontal pass over a metallic object placed within the range (−10.5, −2.5) cm and (−1,1) cm for the $boldsymbol{z}$ and ${boldsymbol{x},boldsymbol{y}}$ coordinates, respectively, the algorithm estimates the depth of the object regardless of its shape, size, and material properties with a mean absolute error $< mathbf{4}.mathbf{5} mathbf{mm}$.
{"title":"Object Depth Estimation From Line-Scan EMI Data Using Machine Learning","authors":"M. Šimić, D. Ambruš, V. Bilas","doi":"10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967098","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a novel approach to metallic object depth estimation using a pulse induction metal detector in combination with an electromagnetic tracking system. A dipole approximation model is used for modeling the spatial response of the metal detector, while 1D-convolutional neural network is employed for depth estimation. The proposed algorithm is experimentally validated in laboratory conditions. Given a single horizontal pass over a metallic object placed within the range (−10.5, −2.5) cm and (−1,1) cm for the $boldsymbol{z}$ and ${boldsymbol{x},boldsymbol{y}}$ coordinates, respectively, the algorithm estimates the depth of the object regardless of its shape, size, and material properties with a mean absolute error $< mathbf{4}.mathbf{5} mathbf{mm}$.","PeriodicalId":120357,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Sensors","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133740416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-30DOI: 10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967083
Nazia Rahman, Chang-Hee Won
Tactile imaging sensor determines the tumor's mechanical properties such as size, depth, and Young's modulus based on the principle of total internal reflection of light. To improve the classifying accuracy of the Tactile imaging sensor, we introduce ultrasound signals and estimate the difference in the tumor tactile images. A developed vibro-acoustic tactile imaging sensor was used to classify benign and malignant tumors. We test the developed system on breast tumor phantoms. These vibrated tactile images are analyzed to improve the overall performance of tumor detection.
{"title":"Identifying Benign and Malignant Breast Tumor Using Vibro-acoustic Tactile Imaging Sensor","authors":"Nazia Rahman, Chang-Hee Won","doi":"10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967083","url":null,"abstract":"Tactile imaging sensor determines the tumor's mechanical properties such as size, depth, and Young's modulus based on the principle of total internal reflection of light. To improve the classifying accuracy of the Tactile imaging sensor, we introduce ultrasound signals and estimate the difference in the tumor tactile images. A developed vibro-acoustic tactile imaging sensor was used to classify benign and malignant tumors. We test the developed system on breast tumor phantoms. These vibrated tactile images are analyzed to improve the overall performance of tumor detection.","PeriodicalId":120357,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Sensors","volume":"122 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133778605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-30DOI: 10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967118
H. Doi, T. Horio, Bijay Parajuli, E. Shigetomi, Youichi Shinozaki, Yong-Joon Choi, T. Hattori, Kazuhiro Takahashi, T. Noda, S. Koizumi, K. Sawada
Because extracellular potassium ion $([mathbf{K}^{+}]_{mathbf{o}})$ plays an important role in the regulation of the physiological and pathophysiological activity of neurons, the imaging of $[mathbf{K}^{+}]_{mathbf{O}}$ dynamics and its spatiotemporal analysis is crucial for understanding brain function. Toward the high spatiotemporal imaging of $[mathbf{K}^{+}]_{mathbf{o}}$ dynamics in the brain, we fabricated a $23.55-mu mathrm{m}$ -pitch and $128times 128$ -pixel label-free $mathbf{K}^{+}$ image sensor, in which different thicknesses were deposited by controlling the volume of the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane solution, and the detection performance was investigated. In the investigation of the characteristics of K+ measurement with sensors of different thicknesses, the sensors whose film thickness was decreased 9 $mumathrm{m}$ exhibited superior K+ sensitivity with reasonable selectivity. When acutely sliced mouse hippocampus was stimulated with glutamate on the K+ ionophore-immobilized sensor, the output signal was increased in the hippocampal CAl, CA3, and DG regions, but no signal was observed when the slice was stimulated on a sensor without K+ ionophore. Additionally, the spatiotemporal resolution of output images obtained from the $9-mu mathrm{m}$ thick sensor was higher than those from the $108-mu mathrm{m}$ thick sensor. Taken together, we succeeded in the real-time imaging of $[mathbf{K}^{+}]_{mathbf{o}}$ from the acute mouse hippocampal slices, and demonstrated for the first time that membrane thickness significantly affects the spatial resolution of $[mathbf{K}^{+}]_{mathbf{o}}$ dynamics.
{"title":"Development of PVC membrane-based label-free K+ image sensor and imaging extracellular K+ dynamics in brain tissue","authors":"H. Doi, T. Horio, Bijay Parajuli, E. Shigetomi, Youichi Shinozaki, Yong-Joon Choi, T. Hattori, Kazuhiro Takahashi, T. Noda, S. Koizumi, K. Sawada","doi":"10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967118","url":null,"abstract":"Because extracellular potassium ion $([mathbf{K}^{+}]_{mathbf{o}})$ plays an important role in the regulation of the physiological and pathophysiological activity of neurons, the imaging of $[mathbf{K}^{+}]_{mathbf{O}}$ dynamics and its spatiotemporal analysis is crucial for understanding brain function. Toward the high spatiotemporal imaging of $[mathbf{K}^{+}]_{mathbf{o}}$ dynamics in the brain, we fabricated a $23.55-mu mathrm{m}$ -pitch and $128times 128$ -pixel label-free $mathbf{K}^{+}$ image sensor, in which different thicknesses were deposited by controlling the volume of the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane solution, and the detection performance was investigated. In the investigation of the characteristics of K+ measurement with sensors of different thicknesses, the sensors whose film thickness was decreased 9 $mumathrm{m}$ exhibited superior K+ sensitivity with reasonable selectivity. When acutely sliced mouse hippocampus was stimulated with glutamate on the K+ ionophore-immobilized sensor, the output signal was increased in the hippocampal CAl, CA3, and DG regions, but no signal was observed when the slice was stimulated on a sensor without K+ ionophore. Additionally, the spatiotemporal resolution of output images obtained from the $9-mu mathrm{m}$ thick sensor was higher than those from the $108-mu mathrm{m}$ thick sensor. Taken together, we succeeded in the real-time imaging of $[mathbf{K}^{+}]_{mathbf{o}}$ from the acute mouse hippocampal slices, and demonstrated for the first time that membrane thickness significantly affects the spatial resolution of $[mathbf{K}^{+}]_{mathbf{o}}$ dynamics.","PeriodicalId":120357,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Sensors","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131151160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-30DOI: 10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967199
Si Kuan Thio, Sung-Y. Park
A lab-on-a-smartphone (LOS) presents a portable environmental sensing tool that enables the monitoring of water quality by performing various detection techniques such as smartphone-integrated fluorescence microscopy and portable loop-mediated amplification (LAMP) assays. The LOS can conduct multiple laboratory functions and has experimentally demonstrated (1) automated on-chip water sample processing, (2) on-site fluorescent detection of harmful algae cells, and (3) fecal contamination of water through LAMP assays. The LOS can overcome conventional labor-intensive and time-consuming techniques for the monitoring of microbiological contaminants in environment waters.
{"title":"Lab-on-a-Smartphone (LOS): A smartphone-integrated, optoelectrowetting-driven environmental sensor for on-site detection of water quality","authors":"Si Kuan Thio, Sung-Y. Park","doi":"10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967199","url":null,"abstract":"A lab-on-a-smartphone (LOS) presents a portable environmental sensing tool that enables the monitoring of water quality by performing various detection techniques such as smartphone-integrated fluorescence microscopy and portable loop-mediated amplification (LAMP) assays. The LOS can conduct multiple laboratory functions and has experimentally demonstrated (1) automated on-chip water sample processing, (2) on-site fluorescent detection of harmful algae cells, and (3) fecal contamination of water through LAMP assays. The LOS can overcome conventional labor-intensive and time-consuming techniques for the monitoring of microbiological contaminants in environment waters.","PeriodicalId":120357,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Sensors","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134614999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-30DOI: 10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967340
Faisal Ahmed, Miguel Heredia Conde, Paula López Martínez, Thomas Kerstein, B. Buxbaum
Visible light communication (VLC), as a readily available communication technology, can provide a practical and low-cost solution for power-constrained active Time-of-Flight (ToF) imaging in indoor settings. This paper demonstrates a novel passive ToF imaging concept that exploits opportunity illuminators, e.g., VLC sources. This differs from classical ToF methods, in that two parallel sensing channels are used to attain passive 3D imaging. We studied a bistatic geometry using the pulse-based (PB) ToF method. Furthermore, we explored both uniform and non-uniform sampling approaches in the time-shift domain, in order to preserve depth accuracy with a minimal number of noise-contaminated measurements. Using a matched filtering method, we attained a negligible root-mean-square error (RMSE) even for the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the measurements. We corroborate the proposed framework by conducting the first reported passive-ToF 3D imaging experiments of this kind. Our “proof-of-concept” witnessed the feasibility of VLC-enabled passive ToF, thus opening unprecedented co-design avenues with mainstream optical wireless communication (OWC) variants.
{"title":"Passive 3D Time-of-Flight Imaging leveraging VLC Infrastructure","authors":"Faisal Ahmed, Miguel Heredia Conde, Paula López Martínez, Thomas Kerstein, B. Buxbaum","doi":"10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967340","url":null,"abstract":"Visible light communication (VLC), as a readily available communication technology, can provide a practical and low-cost solution for power-constrained active Time-of-Flight (ToF) imaging in indoor settings. This paper demonstrates a novel passive ToF imaging concept that exploits opportunity illuminators, e.g., VLC sources. This differs from classical ToF methods, in that two parallel sensing channels are used to attain passive 3D imaging. We studied a bistatic geometry using the pulse-based (PB) ToF method. Furthermore, we explored both uniform and non-uniform sampling approaches in the time-shift domain, in order to preserve depth accuracy with a minimal number of noise-contaminated measurements. Using a matched filtering method, we attained a negligible root-mean-square error (RMSE) even for the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the measurements. We corroborate the proposed framework by conducting the first reported passive-ToF 3D imaging experiments of this kind. Our “proof-of-concept” witnessed the feasibility of VLC-enabled passive ToF, thus opening unprecedented co-design avenues with mainstream optical wireless communication (OWC) variants.","PeriodicalId":120357,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Sensors","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131834230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-30DOI: 10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967137
Zhaozhi Chu, Pengfei Yang, Xiaolong Wen, C. Peng
This paper proposes an electric field microsensor (EFM) with self-compensation for sensitivity drift. Different from previous ones, this proposed EFM sensitive structure mainly consists of sensing electrodes and reference electrodes, where the sensing electrodes are designed to measure the electric field, and the reference electrodes are used to monitor the movable structure vibration. According to the reference electrodes output information, the EFM can track the resonant frequency automatically by phase-locked loop circuit and compensate the sensing output signal in real time. Test results show that a linearity of 0.21 % and a total uncertainty of three round trips within 1.34% were achieved in the electric field range of ±18 kV/m. The EFMs' sensitivity drift was within 3.0% in the temperature range of -40~70 °C, showing a good self-compensation performance.
{"title":"An Electric Field Microsensor with Self-compensation for Sensitivity Drift","authors":"Zhaozhi Chu, Pengfei Yang, Xiaolong Wen, C. Peng","doi":"10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967137","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an electric field microsensor (EFM) with self-compensation for sensitivity drift. Different from previous ones, this proposed EFM sensitive structure mainly consists of sensing electrodes and reference electrodes, where the sensing electrodes are designed to measure the electric field, and the reference electrodes are used to monitor the movable structure vibration. According to the reference electrodes output information, the EFM can track the resonant frequency automatically by phase-locked loop circuit and compensate the sensing output signal in real time. Test results show that a linearity of 0.21 % and a total uncertainty of three round trips within 1.34% were achieved in the electric field range of ±18 kV/m. The EFMs' sensitivity drift was within 3.0% in the temperature range of -40~70 °C, showing a good self-compensation performance.","PeriodicalId":120357,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Sensors","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131942674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：