Pub Date : 2022-10-30DOI: 10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967271
A. N. Ahmed, Ian Ravijts, Jens de Hoog, Ali Anwar, Siegfried Mercelis, P. Hellinckx
Currently visual sensing systems, used in autonomous vehicle's research, typically perceive the surrounding environment up to 250m ahead of the vehicle. However, the detection reliability drops when the object's position is more than 50m, due to objects being sparse or unclear for the detection model to make a confident detection. Cooperative perception extends the visual horizon of the onboard sensing system, by expanding the sensing range which improves the detection precision. This paper explores early distributed visual data fusion by creating a multi-vehicle dataset using the Carla simulator to create a shared driving scenario, equipping every spawned vehicle with LiDAR, GNSS, and IMU sensors to emulate a real-driving scenario. Furthermore, we investigate the usage of ZeroMQ-based communication system to distribute visual and meta- data across relevant neighboring vehicles. Since the proposed method distributes raw LiDAR data, we utilize point cloud compression to reduce the size of the published data between relevant connected vehicles to satisfy communication bandwidth requirements. Subsequently, we transform and fuse the received data, and apply a deep learning object detection model to detect the objects in the scene. Our experiments prove that our proposed framework improves the detection average precision while satisfying bandwidth requirements.
{"title":"A Joint Perception Scheme For Connected Vehicles","authors":"A. N. Ahmed, Ian Ravijts, Jens de Hoog, Ali Anwar, Siegfried Mercelis, P. Hellinckx","doi":"10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967271","url":null,"abstract":"Currently visual sensing systems, used in autonomous vehicle's research, typically perceive the surrounding environment up to 250m ahead of the vehicle. However, the detection reliability drops when the object's position is more than 50m, due to objects being sparse or unclear for the detection model to make a confident detection. Cooperative perception extends the visual horizon of the onboard sensing system, by expanding the sensing range which improves the detection precision. This paper explores early distributed visual data fusion by creating a multi-vehicle dataset using the Carla simulator to create a shared driving scenario, equipping every spawned vehicle with LiDAR, GNSS, and IMU sensors to emulate a real-driving scenario. Furthermore, we investigate the usage of ZeroMQ-based communication system to distribute visual and meta- data across relevant neighboring vehicles. Since the proposed method distributes raw LiDAR data, we utilize point cloud compression to reduce the size of the published data between relevant connected vehicles to satisfy communication bandwidth requirements. Subsequently, we transform and fuse the received data, and apply a deep learning object detection model to detect the objects in the scene. Our experiments prove that our proposed framework improves the detection average precision while satisfying bandwidth requirements.","PeriodicalId":120357,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Sensors","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129284034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-30DOI: 10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967252
Ayano Nomura, Y. Nishida
In the centenarian era, we need a society where people can live safely and independently, despite life functions changing as the life stages progress. Changes in life functions with age make older people more prone to indoor falls. Thus, product and environment design that enables older people with significant changes in life functions to live safely in an indoor environment is an urgent issue. The purpose of this study is to develop a system that enables visualization of body supporting force and location in everyday living spaces. The proposed visualization system consists of RGB-D cameras and a wearable force sensor. The system validation experiment was conducted in a laboratory and five rooms at the houses of two subjects (75-year-old female and 84-year-old male). Experimental results show that the developed system is useful in visualizing body supporting when obtaining force behavior of holding nearby objects when performing actions like standing up from a sitting posture, getting up from a lying down posture, and so on.
{"title":"Visualization of Body Supporting Force Field of the Elderly in Everyday Environment","authors":"Ayano Nomura, Y. Nishida","doi":"10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967252","url":null,"abstract":"In the centenarian era, we need a society where people can live safely and independently, despite life functions changing as the life stages progress. Changes in life functions with age make older people more prone to indoor falls. Thus, product and environment design that enables older people with significant changes in life functions to live safely in an indoor environment is an urgent issue. The purpose of this study is to develop a system that enables visualization of body supporting force and location in everyday living spaces. The proposed visualization system consists of RGB-D cameras and a wearable force sensor. The system validation experiment was conducted in a laboratory and five rooms at the houses of two subjects (75-year-old female and 84-year-old male). Experimental results show that the developed system is useful in visualizing body supporting when obtaining force behavior of holding nearby objects when performing actions like standing up from a sitting posture, getting up from a lying down posture, and so on.","PeriodicalId":120357,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Sensors","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124025145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-30DOI: 10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967112
Masoud Roudneshin, K. Sayrafian-Pour, A. Aghdam
A Coulomb force parametric generator (CFPG) can be used to harvest energy from the natural human body motion. This micro-harvester is the architecture of choice for integration with small wearable (or implantable) sensors. In this paper, an asymmetric adaptive approach to estimate the electrostatic force in a CFPG using the acceleration waveform is proposed. Simulations using human motion measurements show that the proposed approach achieves considerable gain in the harvested energy compared to the previously studied symmetric adaptive methodologies.
{"title":"An Asymmetric Adaptive Approach to Enhance Output Power in Kinetic-Based Microgenerators","authors":"Masoud Roudneshin, K. Sayrafian-Pour, A. Aghdam","doi":"10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967112","url":null,"abstract":"A Coulomb force parametric generator (CFPG) can be used to harvest energy from the natural human body motion. This micro-harvester is the architecture of choice for integration with small wearable (or implantable) sensors. In this paper, an asymmetric adaptive approach to estimate the electrostatic force in a CFPG using the acceleration waveform is proposed. Simulations using human motion measurements show that the proposed approach achieves considerable gain in the harvested energy compared to the previously studied symmetric adaptive methodologies.","PeriodicalId":120357,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Sensors","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123658840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-30DOI: 10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967173
Zijing Zhang, E. Kan
This paper presents radiooculogram (ROG), a novel sensor for non-invasive eye movement (EM) monitoring with eyes closed. We have experimentally demonstrated accurate measurements of EM frequency and directions for 5 participants and benchmarked ROG with electrooculogram (EOG). Compared with biopotential-based sensors, ROG has higher user comfort due to touchless operation and can capture direct muscle activity even in deep tissues. This work on voluntary EM sensing can serve as the baseline implementation for eventual sleep rapid EM monitoring.
{"title":"Radiooculogram (ROG) for eye movement sensing with eyes closed","authors":"Zijing Zhang, E. Kan","doi":"10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967173","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents radiooculogram (ROG), a novel sensor for non-invasive eye movement (EM) monitoring with eyes closed. We have experimentally demonstrated accurate measurements of EM frequency and directions for 5 participants and benchmarked ROG with electrooculogram (EOG). Compared with biopotential-based sensors, ROG has higher user comfort due to touchless operation and can capture direct muscle activity even in deep tissues. This work on voluntary EM sensing can serve as the baseline implementation for eventual sleep rapid EM monitoring.","PeriodicalId":120357,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Sensors","volume":"266 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121486522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-30DOI: 10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967348
D. Alveringh, Daniël G. Bijsterveld, T. E. V. D. Berg, H. Veltkamp, K. M. Batenburg, R. Sanders, J. Lötters, R. Wiegerink
Closely packed plant canopies have a negative influence on the uniformity of conditioned air and therefore induce physiological disorders inside plant production systems. Real-time leaf-level flow measurements help to improve the microclimate. This application needs a small and low-cost flow sensor for a flow regime up to 1 m s−1. The chip that is presented in this paper consists of five suspended heavily p-doped silicon beams with resistors integrated in the tip. A fluid flow along these tips causes a temperature difference between the resistors by convective heat transfer, enabling calorimetric flow sensing. The 4.4 mm by 3.6 mm sensor is realized in a three-mask versatile fabrication process. The sensor shows a range of 1m s−1 to 3 m s−1 for air with a maximum sensitivity of 1.8 mV m−1 s and a standard deviation-based accuracy of 3.6 cm s−1. The sensor design is easily scalable in theory, hence, a redesign will be made with a slightly lower flow range to fully meet the requirements for the application.
密集的植物冠层会对调节空气的均匀性产生负面影响，从而导致植物生产系统内的生理失调。实时叶级流量测量有助于改善小气候。这种应用需要一个小而低成本的流量传感器，流量高达1 m s - 1。本文提出的芯片由五根悬浮的高掺磷硅梁组成，其尖端集成了电阻。沿着这些尖端流动的流体通过对流传热在电阻之间产生温度差，从而实现量热流量传感。4.4 mm × 3.6 mm的传感器采用三掩模通用制造工艺实现。该传感器对空气的测量范围为1m s−1至3m s−1，最大灵敏度为1.8 mV m−1 s，基于标准偏差的精度为3.6 cm s−1。理论上，传感器设计易于扩展，因此，将重新设计稍微降低流量范围，以完全满足应用要求。
{"title":"A miniature microclimate thermal flow sensor for horticultural applications","authors":"D. Alveringh, Daniël G. Bijsterveld, T. E. V. D. Berg, H. Veltkamp, K. M. Batenburg, R. Sanders, J. Lötters, R. Wiegerink","doi":"10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967348","url":null,"abstract":"Closely packed plant canopies have a negative influence on the uniformity of conditioned air and therefore induce physiological disorders inside plant production systems. Real-time leaf-level flow measurements help to improve the microclimate. This application needs a small and low-cost flow sensor for a flow regime up to 1 m s−1. The chip that is presented in this paper consists of five suspended heavily p-doped silicon beams with resistors integrated in the tip. A fluid flow along these tips causes a temperature difference between the resistors by convective heat transfer, enabling calorimetric flow sensing. The 4.4 mm by 3.6 mm sensor is realized in a three-mask versatile fabrication process. The sensor shows a range of 1m s−1 to 3 m s−1 for air with a maximum sensitivity of 1.8 mV m−1 s and a standard deviation-based accuracy of 3.6 cm s−1. The sensor design is easily scalable in theory, hence, a redesign will be made with a slightly lower flow range to fully meet the requirements for the application.","PeriodicalId":120357,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Sensors","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121701671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-30DOI: 10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967230
Timo de Rijk, M. Cen-Puc, Jan Kleine Piening, Walter Lang
This research presents a novel pressure sensor based on integrating multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) directly in the polyimide layer. The optimal mechanical properties combined with the conductive CNTs give a reliable, yet flexible and thin (4.7 μm) pressure sensor. Due to the direct integration, the need for an additional polymer substrate is eliminated. In this case, the sensor substrate is the sensing layer, keeping the sensor thin and simple. First results show a detectable linear pressure range up to 40N. Cyclic pressure response tests show the repeatability of the sensor and its stable mechanical nature due to its strong polyimide base. Thermal ageing tests show promising long-term stability of the pressure sensors.
{"title":"Single layer piezoresistive polyimide pressure sensor based on carbon nanotubes","authors":"Timo de Rijk, M. Cen-Puc, Jan Kleine Piening, Walter Lang","doi":"10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967230","url":null,"abstract":"This research presents a novel pressure sensor based on integrating multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) directly in the polyimide layer. The optimal mechanical properties combined with the conductive CNTs give a reliable, yet flexible and thin (4.7 μm) pressure sensor. Due to the direct integration, the need for an additional polymer substrate is eliminated. In this case, the sensor substrate is the sensing layer, keeping the sensor thin and simple. First results show a detectable linear pressure range up to 40N. Cyclic pressure response tests show the repeatability of the sensor and its stable mechanical nature due to its strong polyimide base. Thermal ageing tests show promising long-term stability of the pressure sensors.","PeriodicalId":120357,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Sensors","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124100432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-30DOI: 10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967164
Zhilu Ye, Minye Yang, Nabeel Alsaab, Pai-Yen Chen
In this work, a battery-free wireless multiplexed sensor is presented for monitoring the wound healing process. The compact, integrated wireless wound sensor can simultaneously detect moisture and temperature at the wound or surgical site with high sensitivity and accuracy. Specifically, design of the sensor telemetry system is inspired by the concept of higher-order parity-time (PT)-symmetry in quantum mechanics, but implemented in a circuit analogy, of which the spatially balanced and distributed gain, neutral and loss elements are represented by active -RLC reader, LC intermediator and RLC sensor. By leveraging the constant and branching eigenvalues in the complex-frequency plane, impedance perturbations in multiple sensors can be deterministically read. Our experimental results show that the multimodal wireless wound sensor exhibits high sensitivity and robustness in instantaneously detecting temperature (25–50 °C) and relative humidity (30%-90%). With further development, the proposed sensor may detect multiple wound healing indictors including temperature, humidity, pH value, strain, and uric acid level.
{"title":"A Wireless, Zero-Power and Multiplexed Sensor for Wound Monitoring","authors":"Zhilu Ye, Minye Yang, Nabeel Alsaab, Pai-Yen Chen","doi":"10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967164","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a battery-free wireless multiplexed sensor is presented for monitoring the wound healing process. The compact, integrated wireless wound sensor can simultaneously detect moisture and temperature at the wound or surgical site with high sensitivity and accuracy. Specifically, design of the sensor telemetry system is inspired by the concept of higher-order parity-time (PT)-symmetry in quantum mechanics, but implemented in a circuit analogy, of which the spatially balanced and distributed gain, neutral and loss elements are represented by active -RLC reader, LC intermediator and RLC sensor. By leveraging the constant and branching eigenvalues in the complex-frequency plane, impedance perturbations in multiple sensors can be deterministically read. Our experimental results show that the multimodal wireless wound sensor exhibits high sensitivity and robustness in instantaneously detecting temperature (25–50 °C) and relative humidity (30%-90%). With further development, the proposed sensor may detect multiple wound healing indictors including temperature, humidity, pH value, strain, and uric acid level.","PeriodicalId":120357,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Sensors","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126461258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-30DOI: 10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967221
M. Petrelli, Bajramshahe Shkodra, M. C. Angeli, Alessandra Scarton, S. Pogliaghi, R. Biasi, P. Lugli, L. Petti
In this work, the comparison between two different gate electrode layouts (square-shaped and U-shaped, designed with the same area) for flexible and planar electrolyte-gated field-effect transistor-based sensors for ammonium detection is reported. Spray-deposited semiconducting carbon nanotubes were employed as active material, while the functionalization was achieved by means of an ion-selective membrane, based on the nonactin ionophore. The devices fabricated with the two designs were compared in terms of the response towards different concentrations of ammonium. Both showed excellent linear detection for ammonium in the physiological range of interest from 0.1 to 10 mM. The devices with the square-shaped gate achieved average sensitivity of 1.270 µA/decade (relative standard deviation 70.55%), while the devices with the novel U-shaped gate showed an improved sensitivity of 2.669 µA/decade (relative standard deviation 31.46%).
{"title":"Novel Gate Electrode Design for Flexible Planar Electrolyte-Gated Field-Effect Transistor-Based Sensors for Real-Time Ammonium Detection","authors":"M. Petrelli, Bajramshahe Shkodra, M. C. Angeli, Alessandra Scarton, S. Pogliaghi, R. Biasi, P. Lugli, L. Petti","doi":"10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967221","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the comparison between two different gate electrode layouts (square-shaped and U-shaped, designed with the same area) for flexible and planar electrolyte-gated field-effect transistor-based sensors for ammonium detection is reported. Spray-deposited semiconducting carbon nanotubes were employed as active material, while the functionalization was achieved by means of an ion-selective membrane, based on the nonactin ionophore. The devices fabricated with the two designs were compared in terms of the response towards different concentrations of ammonium. Both showed excellent linear detection for ammonium in the physiological range of interest from 0.1 to 10 mM. The devices with the square-shaped gate achieved average sensitivity of 1.270 µA/decade (relative standard deviation 70.55%), while the devices with the novel U-shaped gate showed an improved sensitivity of 2.669 µA/decade (relative standard deviation 31.46%).","PeriodicalId":120357,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Sensors","volume":"203 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125734937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-30DOI: 10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967258
Feiyue Wang, Fujian Ding, Shaopeng Hu, Kohei Shimasaki, I. Ishii
In this study, we proposed a novel concept of real-time software rotation sensor that can simultaneously detect the angles of multiple rotational objects in a high-speed video sequence. Our software sensor can be executed at 500 fps using parallel-implementing digital image correlation processes to inspect the similarities between the input image and 360 reference images at different angles on a GPU-based high-speed vision system. Its performance in measurement accuracy was verified using several experiments for multiple rotating gears monitored with partial occlusion in 500-fps videos, including multiple gears fast-rotating at 2400 rpm.
{"title":"Software-based Rotation Sensor Using High-Speed Video Analysis","authors":"Feiyue Wang, Fujian Ding, Shaopeng Hu, Kohei Shimasaki, I. Ishii","doi":"10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967258","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we proposed a novel concept of real-time software rotation sensor that can simultaneously detect the angles of multiple rotational objects in a high-speed video sequence. Our software sensor can be executed at 500 fps using parallel-implementing digital image correlation processes to inspect the similarities between the input image and 360 reference images at different angles on a GPU-based high-speed vision system. Its performance in measurement accuracy was verified using several experiments for multiple rotating gears monitored with partial occlusion in 500-fps videos, including multiple gears fast-rotating at 2400 rpm.","PeriodicalId":120357,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Sensors","volume":"34 5-6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132399062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-30DOI: 10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967087
B. Madeira, Benzheng Xia, Yuan Wang, R. Ameloot, M. Kraft, Chen Wang
This paper reported a gas sensor based on two quartz crystal microbalances (QCM) weakly coupled through a capacitor (electrically). By coating one of the two QCMs with zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8), the coated QCM could adsorb/desorb gas molecules, e.g., ethanol molecules, thus breaking the mass symmetry of the coupled system. The mass change due to gas absorption and desorption was measured through the amplitude ratio and the frequency shift of coupled QCMs. The gas sensor operated in an open-loop and closed-loop configuration whose performances were compared. Three orders of magnitude improvement was achieved by using the amplitude ratio change as the output compared to using the frequency shift as the output in the closed-loop configuration. Besides, the closed-loop configuration improved the amplitude ratio sensitivity by 50.2% compared with the open-loop configuration.
{"title":"A Gas Sensor Based on Electrically Coupled Quartz Crystal Microbalances Coated with ZIF-8","authors":"B. Madeira, Benzheng Xia, Yuan Wang, R. Ameloot, M. Kraft, Chen Wang","doi":"10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967087","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reported a gas sensor based on two quartz crystal microbalances (QCM) weakly coupled through a capacitor (electrically). By coating one of the two QCMs with zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8), the coated QCM could adsorb/desorb gas molecules, e.g., ethanol molecules, thus breaking the mass symmetry of the coupled system. The mass change due to gas absorption and desorption was measured through the amplitude ratio and the frequency shift of coupled QCMs. The gas sensor operated in an open-loop and closed-loop configuration whose performances were compared. Three orders of magnitude improvement was achieved by using the amplitude ratio change as the output compared to using the frequency shift as the output in the closed-loop configuration. Besides, the closed-loop configuration improved the amplitude ratio sensitivity by 50.2% compared with the open-loop configuration.","PeriodicalId":120357,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Sensors","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134013344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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