European journal of protistology最新文献

英文中文

Algal organic matter alters protistan community structure and assembly processes in coastal sediments

IF 1.9 2区生物学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY

European journal of protistology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2025.126134

Arbaz Rehman , Jing Wang , Hao Yue , Xiuhong Zhang , Zelong Li

Diatom blooms are a global ecological perturbation that releases algal organic matter (AOM), significantly affecting coastal ecosystems by altering microbial community dynamics. AOM, derived from algal cell lysis, may serve as a nutrient source influencing protistan communities. However, the effects of AOM on protistan ecology, including the community structure and assembly processes, remain largely unexplored in coastal sediments. In this study, we investigated the impact of AOM on the protistan community structure using macrogenomic analysis and high-throughput sequencing. The results revealed significant shifts in the protistan diversity (alpha and beta diversity) and community composition. Phototrophs and consumers were the primary functional groups affected, with their relative abundances significantly regulated by AOM, highlighting its functional-level impacts. Moreover, AOM influenced also the protistan community assembly, increasing the proportion of deterministic processes and altering the dynamic succession within the protistan co-occurrence network. Diatom blooms act as ecological filters, reducing diversity while promoting the dominance of specific functional groups. This study bridges the gap in understanding the AOM's role in shaping the ecological succession of protists in coastal sediments, offering valuable insights into the broader ecological impact of marine diatom blooms.

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引用次数: 0

Morphology and phylogeny of Pararaabena dentata Wolska, 1968 and further insights into the molecular evolution of trichostome ciliates (Ciliophora, Litostomatea)

IF 1.9 2区生物学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY

European journal of protistology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2025.126133

Gözde Gürelli , Fevziye Işıl Kesbiç

The morphology and phylogenetic position of a trichostome ciliate, Pararaabena dentata, isolated from the intestine of an Asian elephant (Elaphas maximus) in Gaziantep Zoo, Turkey, were studied using pyridinated silver carbonate impregnation, scanning electron microscopy, and the 18S rRNA gene. Pararaabena dentata clustered together with Raabena bella and both taxa were phylogenetically not related to members of the family Blepharocorythidae, as expected in the past. Phylogenetic trees indicated that amphibian intestinal ciliates represented by Balantidium grimi, B. duodeni, and B. entozoon are basal to all other trichostome ciliates, causing the family Balantidiidae to be polyphyletic. The molecular evolution of the subclass Trichostomatia is thoroughly discussed.

引用次数: 0

Leptomyxa mirabilis n. sp. – A new species of the genus Leptomyxa (Amoebozoa, Tubulinea) with a remarkable floating form and unusual cyst structure

IF 1.9 2区生物学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY

European journal of protistology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126132

Nikita S. Kulishkin, Alexey V. Smirnov

Variable body shape and significant variations in cell size make it difficult to distinguish species belonging to the genus Leptomyxa. At present, molecular data are becoming crucial for the identification of these amoebae. Among leptomyxids, the divergence of the 18S rRNA gene, mainly used to distinguish species, is low. Morphologically distinct species may have very similar 18S rRNA gene sequences and vice versa. However, some species exhibit remarkable morphological characters that can be combined with gene sequences to distinguish them reliably. In this paper, we describe a new terrestrial species of the genus Leptomyxa isolated from the Russian Far East, Leptomyxa mirabilis n. sp. Amoebae of this species are reticulate, flattened, and branched. This species has a unique floating form, previously undescribed among leptomyxids, and a remarkable cyst structure. The cysts of the studied species are often lobed or have a complex branched shape resembling the plasmodiocarps of some mycetozoa. Cysts can be single-walled or double-walled. The outer wall of a double-walled cyst encloses one or two multinucleate endocysts. In some cases, the wall of mature cysts is complex and multilayered. In addition, Leptomyxa mirabilis n. sp. differs from related leptomyxid species in the sequence of the 18S rRNA gene.

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引用次数: 0

Morphological and morphometric investigations on testate amoebae from Mongolia with descriptions of a new genus and four new species 蒙古遗存变形虫的形态学和形态计量学研究及一新属和四新种描述。

IF 1.9 2区生物学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY

European journal of protistology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126128

Dominika Łuców , Ferry Siemensma , Dashtseren Avirmed , Milena Obremska , Michał Słowiński , Izabela Zawiska

Testate amoebae are a polyphyletic and highly diverse group of unicellular protists, inhabiting various habitats and successfully used as indicators of property of environmental variables, providing information on hydrology, pH and pollution of ecosystems. However, despite numerous studies, there is still a lack of data regarding their species diversity, geographical distribution and population dynamics in various habitats from previously unexplored or poorly investigated regions such as Mongolia. In this study, we describe the morphology and morphometry of a new genus and four new species: Armatura murmillo gen. nov., sp. nov., Trinema lenticularis sp. nov., T. parmularius sp. nov. and T. scutarius sp. nov., derived from peat cores extracted from two fens in northern Mongolia. We provide one of the first case studies of testate amoebae from Mongolia, documenting 64 taxa. We also provide information on the morphology and variability of four lesser known species: Centropyxis lapponica, Hyalosphenia insecta, Pyxidicula ornata and Schoenbornia smithi.

遗存变形虫是一种多系、高度多样化的单细胞原生生物，栖息于多种生境，并成功地被用作环境变量性质的指示物，提供生态系统的水文、pH和污染信息。然而，尽管进行了大量的研究，但在蒙古等以前未开发或调查不足的地区，关于其物种多样性、地理分布和种群动态的数据仍然缺乏。本文描述了蒙古北部两个沼泽泥炭岩心中提取的一新属和四新种：Armatura murmillo gen. nov., sp. nov., Trinema lenticularis sp. nov.， T. parmularius sp. 11 .和T. scutarius sp. nov.。我们提供了来自蒙古的遗存变形虫的第一个案例研究之一，记录了64个分类群。我们还提供了四个鲜为人知的物种的形态和变异信息：centrropyxis lapponica， Hyalosphenia昆虫，Pyxidicula ornata和Schoenbornia smithi。

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引用次数: 0

The devil is in the details: Cylindrifflugia luciferina spec. nov. reveals the phylogenetic backbone of the infraorder Cylindrothecina (Amoebozoa, Arcellinida)

IF 1.9 2区生物学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY

European journal of protistology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126131

Elena Mauricio-Sánchez , Carmen Soler-Zamora , Enrique Lara

The application of molecular approaches has revealed an immense biodiversity of lobose testate amoebae (Amoebozoa, Tubulinea, Elardia, Arcellinida). However, most newly discovered species are difficult or impossible to differentiate morphologically from already described forms, even though they are genetically distinct. Consequently, while diversity assessments based on sequence data overtake classical estimations of Arcellinida diversity, only a handful of morphologically divergent species have been discovered recently. These species are of key importance for reconstructing the evolutionary history of Arcellinida, including both morphology and morphogenesis. Here, we describe a large and conspicuous new species, Cylindrifflugia luciferina, found in an urban pond located in the Royal Botanical Garden of Madrid, Spain. We characterize it morphologically and molecularly, together with the closely related species Cylindrifflugia elegans. Our phylogenetic reconstruction based on the SSU rRNA gene brings evidence for three main well supported and morphologically consistent clades within the infraorder Cylindrothecina. This example illustrates that the quest for new Arcellinida diversity is far from being over and even the less expected ecosystems can bring new discoveries.

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引用次数: 0

The mitochondrial citrate synthase from Tetrahymena thermophila does not form an intermediate filament 嗜热四膜虫的线粒体柠檬酸合成酶不形成中间丝。

IF 1.9 2区生物学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY

European journal of protistology

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126121

Stefano Lometto , Daniela Sparvoli , Gabriele Malengo , Thomas Heimerl , Georg K.A. Hochberg

The mitochondrial citrate synthase (mCS) purified from the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila has been reported to form intermediate-filament-like structures during conjugation and to self-assemble into fibers when recombinantly expressed. This would represent a rare example of a tractable and recent origin of a novel cytoskeletal element. In an attempt to investigate the evolutionary emergence of this behavior, we re-investigated the ability of Tetrahymena’s mCS to form filaments in vivo. Using strep-tagged mCS in Tetrahymena and monoclonal antibodies, we found no evidence of filamentous structures during conjugation or starvation. Extensive biochemical characterization of mCS revealed that the self-assembly of recombinant protein is triggered by a specific chemical moiety shared by MES and HEPES buffers used in previous studies. The absence of indicative phenotypes in fiber-deficient GFP-tagged mutants indicates that Tetrahymena mCS did not evolve a structural role in sexual reproduction or metabolic regulation.

据报道，从嗜热四膜虫（Tetrahymena thermophila）中纯化的线粒体柠檬酸合成酶（mCS）可在连接过程中形成类似中间膜的结构，并在重组表达时自组装成纤维。这代表了一种新型细胞骨架元素的可控和近期起源的罕见实例。为了研究这种行为在进化过程中的出现，我们重新研究了四膜虫的mCS在体内形成细丝的能力。利用链球菌标记的四膜虫 mCS 和单克隆抗体，我们发现在连接或饥饿过程中都没有丝状结构的迹象。对 mCS 进行广泛的生化鉴定后发现，重组蛋白的自组装是由先前研究中使用的 MES 和 HEPES 缓冲液共有的一种特定化学分子引发的。在纤维缺失的GFP标记突变体中没有出现指示性表型，这表明四膜虫mCS在有性生殖或新陈代谢调节中没有演化出结构性作用。

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引用次数: 0

Testate amoebae from the wetlands of the Phobjikha Valley of Bhutan, the Eastern Himalayas 喜马拉雅山脉东部不丹 Phobjikha 山谷湿地的睾丸变形虫。

IF 1.9 2区生物学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY

European journal of protistology

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126125

Manfred Wanner , Ferry Siemensma , Indra Prasad Acharja , Jigme Tshering , Pema Khandu , Santa Lal Gajmer , Chöki Gyeltshen , Tshering Dorji , Kinley Tenzin , Satoshi Shimano

The Kingdom of Bhutan in the Eastern Himalayas harbors a rich biodiversity. However, its detailed documentation still needs to be created, including not only macroorganisms but also protists. In the present study, as many as 105 taxa of testate amoebae were identified and directly counted in soil suspension samples collected from the wetlands of the Gangtey-Phobji Valley (generally Phobjikha), Wangdue Phodrang district. The most dominant were cosmopolitan species, e.g., Euglypha rotunda, Trinema lineare, T. complanatum, T. enchelys, Phryganella acropodia, and Plagiopyxis declivis. However, some taxa such as Centropyxis deflandriana, C. stenodeflandriana, Hoogenraadia cf. humicola, Pareuglypha reticulata, and Sphenoderia chardezi have a geographically restricted distribution and/or are considered rare. Some specimens could not be assigned to already described species (Centropyxis dentata sp. nov. and Difflugia fusiforma sp. nov.) or were highly similar to known species but differed in size or other taxonomically important characteristics (e.g., Hoogenraadia cf. humicola and Planhoogenraadia sp.). To our knowledge, this study is the first to present a comprehensive list of testate amoebae from Bhutan, including some new and rare species. The discovery of a remarkable diversity of testate amoebae in only a few soil samples suggests that this remote and largely unexplored region likely harbors many more intriguing species.

位于喜马拉雅山脉东部的不丹王国拥有丰富的生物多样性。然而，其详细的文献资料仍有待建立，其中不仅包括大型生物，还包括原生生物。在本研究中，从旺度-普德朗地区的 Gangtey-Phobji 谷地（一般为 Phobjikha）湿地采集的土壤悬浮样本中鉴定并直接计数了多达 105 个类群的睾丸变形虫。最主要的是世界性物种，如 Euglypha rotunda、Trinema lineare、T. complanatum、T. enchelys、Phryganella acropodia 和 Plagiopyxis declivis。然而，一些分类群，如 Centropyxis deflandriana、C. stenodeflandriana、Hoogenraadia cf. humicola、Pareuglypha reticulata 和 Sphenoderia chardezi 的分布受到地理限制，并且/或者被认为是稀有的。有些标本无法归入已描述的物种（Centropyxis dentata sp.据我们所知，这项研究首次全面列出了不丹的睾丸变形虫，其中包括一些稀有的新物种。仅在几个土壤样本中就发现了种类繁多的睾丸变形虫，这表明这个偏远且大部分尚未开发的地区很可能蕴藏着更多有趣的物种。

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引用次数: 0

Morphology, morphogenesis, and molecular phylogeny of Holostichides (Holostichides) parachardezi nov. spec. (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia, Urostylida), a new soil ciliate from China 来自中国的新土壤纤毛虫 Holostichides (Holostichides) parachardezi nov.(来自中国的一种新的土壤纤毛虫。

IF 1.9 2区生物学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY

European journal of protistology

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126124

Ziyan Liu, Kexin Wang, Chengliang Zhang, Yuwen Jiang, Ranran Song, Tengyue Zhang, Fengchao Li

A new urostylid ciliate, Holostichides (Holostichides) parachardezi, collected from a Chinese tropical city, was studied using morphological and molecular methods. Diagnostic features of the new species include: size 140–180 × 30–60 μm in vivo; 25–43 macronuclear nodules; colourless cortical granules; three to six frontoterminal cirri; a midventral complex composed of seven to eleven cirral pairs and one midventral row of five to eleven cirri; four bipolar dorsal kineties and six to nine caudal cirri in four groups; and a terrestrial habitat. Its ontogenesis follows the typical Holostichides mode in that (1) the proximal portion of the parental adoral zone of membranelles is partly renewed and the opisthe’s oral primordium originates very close to the midventral complex; (2) the last anlage n generates the frontoterminal cirral row, and the midventral complex is formed from anlage IV to n − 1; and (3) both marginal rows and dorsal kinety anlagen develop within the parental rows. The present SSU rDNA phylogenies corroborated the monophyly of the genus Holostichides.

采用形态学和分子方法研究了一种采集自中国热带城市的新尿囊纤毛虫--Holostichides (Holostichides) parachardezi。该新种的诊断特征包括：体内大小为 140-180 × 30-60 μm；25-43 个大核结节；无色皮质颗粒；3-6 个前端盘片；由 7-11 对盘片组成的中腹复合体和由 5-11 个盘片组成的一排中腹盘片；分为 4 组的 4 个双极性背侧基片和 6-9 个尾部盘片；以及陆生栖息地。它的本体发生遵循典型的 Holostichides 模式，即：(1) 亲体口膜区的近端部分被部分更新，opisthe 的口腔原基起源于非常靠近中腹复合体的位置；(2) 最后一个第 n 节产生前端的圈排，中腹复合体从第 IV 节到第 n - 1 节形成；(3) 边缘排和背侧动节原基都在亲体排内发育。目前的 SSU rDNA 系统发生证实了 Holostichides 属的单系性。

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引用次数: 0

O short-branch Microsporidia, where art thou? Identifying diversity hotspots for future sampling 短枝微孢子虫啊，你在哪里？为未来采样确定多样性热点

IF 1.9 2区生物学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY

European journal of protistology

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126119

Megan Gross , Ľubomír Rajter , Frédéric Mahé , David Bass , Cédric Berney , Nicolas Henry , Colomban de Vargas , Micah Dunthorn

Short-branch Microsporidia were previously shown to form a basal grade within the expanded Microsporidia clade and to branch near the classical, long-branch Microsporidia. Although they share simpler versions of some morphological characteristics, they do not show accelerated evolutionary rates, making them ideal candidates to study the evolutionary trajectories that have led to long-branch microsporidian unique characteristics. However, most sequences assigned to the short-branch Microsporidia are undescribed, novel environmental lineages for which the identification requires knowledge of where they can be found. To direct future isolation, we used the EukBank database of the global UniEuk initiative that contains the majority of the publicly available environmental V4 SSU rRNA gene sequences of protists. The curated OTU table and corresponding metadata were used to evaluate the occurrence of short-branch Microsporidia across freshwater, hypersaline, marine benthic, marine pelagic, and terrestrial environments. Presence–absence analyses infer that short-branch Microsporidia are most abundant in freshwater and terrestrial environments, and alpha- and beta-diversity measures indicate that focusing our sampling effort on these two environments would cover a large part of their overall diversity. These results can be used to coordinate future isolation and sampling campaigns to better understand the enigmatic evolution of microsporidians’ unique characteristics.

以前的研究表明，短支微孢子虫在扩展的微孢子虫支系中形成一个基级，并在经典的长支微孢子虫附近分支。虽然它们具有某些形态特征的简单版本，但它们并没有显示出加速的进化速度，因此是研究导致长支微孢子虫独特特征的进化轨迹的理想候选者。然而，分配给短支小孢子虫的大多数序列都是未被描述的、新的环境品系，对它们的鉴定需要了解它们在哪里可以找到。为了指导未来的分离工作，我们使用了全球 UniEuk 计划的 EukBank 数据库，该数据库包含了大多数公开的环境 V4 SSU rRNA 基因序列。我们利用编辑的 OTU 表和相应的元数据来评估淡水、高盐、海洋底栖、海洋水层和陆地环境中短支小孢子虫的出现情况。存在-不存在分析推断，短支小孢子虫在淡水和陆地环境中最为丰富，α-和β-多样性测量结果表明，将取样工作集中在这两种环境中将涵盖其整体多样性的大部分。这些结果可用于协调未来的分离和取样活动，以更好地了解微孢子虫独特特征的神秘演变。

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引用次数: 0

Disentangling the metabolic profile of rumen ciliates: A historical perspective and future directions 解析瘤胃纤毛虫的代谢特征：历史视角与未来方向

IF 1.9 2区生物学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY

European journal of protistology

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126126

Valdirley de Souza Lima, Franciane Cedrola, Millke Jasmine Arminini Morales, Vera Nisaka Solferini

Rumen ciliates constitute a highly diverse group within the subclass Trichostomatia. They are known for their symbiotic relationship with ruminant hosts and their pivotal role in digestive metabolism. This review presents a historical analysis of research on rumen ciliate metabolism, since the earliest studies, based on in vitro and in situ experiments, as well as molecular studies, initially relying on Sanger sequencing, and more recently, next-generation sequencing techniques. Finally, the paper discusses future approaches that may be useful for elucidating the metabolic profile of various taxa of rumen ciliates.

瘤胃纤毛虫是三纤毛虫亚纲中一个高度多样化的类群。它们因与反刍动物宿主的共生关系以及在消化新陈代谢中的关键作用而闻名。本综述对瘤胃纤毛虫新陈代谢的研究进行了历史性分析，最早的研究基于体外和原位实验，分子研究最初依赖于桑格测序，最近则依赖于新一代测序技术。最后，本文讨论了未来可能有助于阐明各种瘤胃纤毛虫类群代谢概况的方法。

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