European journal of protistology最新文献_第6页

Testate amoebae from the wetlands of the Phobjikha Valley of Bhutan, the Eastern Himalayas 喜马拉雅山脉东部不丹 Phobjikha 山谷湿地的睾丸变形虫。

IF 1.9 2区生物学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY

European journal of protistology

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126125

Manfred Wanner , Ferry Siemensma , Indra Prasad Acharja , Jigme Tshering , Pema Khandu , Santa Lal Gajmer , Chöki Gyeltshen , Tshering Dorji , Kinley Tenzin , Satoshi Shimano

The Kingdom of Bhutan in the Eastern Himalayas harbors a rich biodiversity. However, its detailed documentation still needs to be created, including not only macroorganisms but also protists. In the present study, as many as 105 taxa of testate amoebae were identified and directly counted in soil suspension samples collected from the wetlands of the Gangtey-Phobji Valley (generally Phobjikha), Wangdue Phodrang district. The most dominant were cosmopolitan species, e.g., Euglypha rotunda, Trinema lineare, T. complanatum, T. enchelys, Phryganella acropodia, and Plagiopyxis declivis. However, some taxa such as Centropyxis deflandriana, C. stenodeflandriana, Hoogenraadia cf. humicola, Pareuglypha reticulata, and Sphenoderia chardezi have a geographically restricted distribution and/or are considered rare. Some specimens could not be assigned to already described species (Centropyxis dentata sp. nov. and Difflugia fusiforma sp. nov.) or were highly similar to known species but differed in size or other taxonomically important characteristics (e.g., Hoogenraadia cf. humicola and Planhoogenraadia sp.). To our knowledge, this study is the first to present a comprehensive list of testate amoebae from Bhutan, including some new and rare species. The discovery of a remarkable diversity of testate amoebae in only a few soil samples suggests that this remote and largely unexplored region likely harbors many more intriguing species.

位于喜马拉雅山脉东部的不丹王国拥有丰富的生物多样性。然而，其详细的文献资料仍有待建立，其中不仅包括大型生物，还包括原生生物。在本研究中，从旺度-普德朗地区的 Gangtey-Phobji 谷地（一般为 Phobjikha）湿地采集的土壤悬浮样本中鉴定并直接计数了多达 105 个类群的睾丸变形虫。最主要的是世界性物种，如 Euglypha rotunda、Trinema lineare、T. complanatum、T. enchelys、Phryganella acropodia 和 Plagiopyxis declivis。然而，一些分类群，如 Centropyxis deflandriana、C. stenodeflandriana、Hoogenraadia cf. humicola、Pareuglypha reticulata 和 Sphenoderia chardezi 的分布受到地理限制，并且/或者被认为是稀有的。有些标本无法归入已描述的物种（Centropyxis dentata sp.据我们所知，这项研究首次全面列出了不丹的睾丸变形虫，其中包括一些稀有的新物种。仅在几个土壤样本中就发现了种类繁多的睾丸变形虫，这表明这个偏远且大部分尚未开发的地区很可能蕴藏着更多有趣的物种。

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引用次数: 0

Disentangling the metabolic profile of rumen ciliates: A historical perspective and future directions 解析瘤胃纤毛虫的代谢特征：历史视角与未来方向

IF 1.9 2区生物学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY

European journal of protistology

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126126

Valdirley de Souza Lima, Franciane Cedrola, Millke Jasmine Arminini Morales, Vera Nisaka Solferini

Rumen ciliates constitute a highly diverse group within the subclass Trichostomatia. They are known for their symbiotic relationship with ruminant hosts and their pivotal role in digestive metabolism. This review presents a historical analysis of research on rumen ciliate metabolism, since the earliest studies, based on in vitro and in situ experiments, as well as molecular studies, initially relying on Sanger sequencing, and more recently, next-generation sequencing techniques. Finally, the paper discusses future approaches that may be useful for elucidating the metabolic profile of various taxa of rumen ciliates.

瘤胃纤毛虫是三纤毛虫亚纲中一个高度多样化的类群。它们因与反刍动物宿主的共生关系以及在消化新陈代谢中的关键作用而闻名。本综述对瘤胃纤毛虫新陈代谢的研究进行了历史性分析，最早的研究基于体外和原位实验，分子研究最初依赖于桑格测序，最近则依赖于新一代测序技术。最后，本文讨论了未来可能有助于阐明各种瘤胃纤毛虫类群代谢概况的方法。

引用次数: 0

Morphology, morphogenesis, and molecular phylogeny of Holostichides (Holostichides) parachardezi nov. spec. (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia, Urostylida), a new soil ciliate from China 来自中国的新土壤纤毛虫 Holostichides (Holostichides) parachardezi nov.(来自中国的一种新的土壤纤毛虫。

IF 1.9 2区生物学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY

European journal of protistology

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126124

Ziyan Liu, Kexin Wang, Chengliang Zhang, Yuwen Jiang, Ranran Song, Tengyue Zhang, Fengchao Li

A new urostylid ciliate, Holostichides (Holostichides) parachardezi, collected from a Chinese tropical city, was studied using morphological and molecular methods. Diagnostic features of the new species include: size 140–180 × 30–60 μm in vivo; 25–43 macronuclear nodules; colourless cortical granules; three to six frontoterminal cirri; a midventral complex composed of seven to eleven cirral pairs and one midventral row of five to eleven cirri; four bipolar dorsal kineties and six to nine caudal cirri in four groups; and a terrestrial habitat. Its ontogenesis follows the typical Holostichides mode in that (1) the proximal portion of the parental adoral zone of membranelles is partly renewed and the opisthe’s oral primordium originates very close to the midventral complex; (2) the last anlage n generates the frontoterminal cirral row, and the midventral complex is formed from anlage IV to n − 1; and (3) both marginal rows and dorsal kinety anlagen develop within the parental rows. The present SSU rDNA phylogenies corroborated the monophyly of the genus Holostichides.

采用形态学和分子方法研究了一种采集自中国热带城市的新尿囊纤毛虫--Holostichides (Holostichides) parachardezi。该新种的诊断特征包括：体内大小为 140-180 × 30-60 μm；25-43 个大核结节；无色皮质颗粒；3-6 个前端盘片；由 7-11 对盘片组成的中腹复合体和由 5-11 个盘片组成的一排中腹盘片；分为 4 组的 4 个双极性背侧基片和 6-9 个尾部盘片；以及陆生栖息地。它的本体发生遵循典型的 Holostichides 模式，即：(1) 亲体口膜区的近端部分被部分更新，opisthe 的口腔原基起源于非常靠近中腹复合体的位置；(2) 最后一个第 n 节产生前端的圈排，中腹复合体从第 IV 节到第 n - 1 节形成；(3) 边缘排和背侧动节原基都在亲体排内发育。目前的 SSU rDNA 系统发生证实了 Holostichides 属的单系性。

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引用次数: 0

O short-branch Microsporidia, where art thou? Identifying diversity hotspots for future sampling 短枝微孢子虫啊，你在哪里？为未来采样确定多样性热点

IF 1.9 2区生物学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY

European journal of protistology

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126119

Megan Gross , Ľubomír Rajter , Frédéric Mahé , David Bass , Cédric Berney , Nicolas Henry , Colomban de Vargas , Micah Dunthorn

Short-branch Microsporidia were previously shown to form a basal grade within the expanded Microsporidia clade and to branch near the classical, long-branch Microsporidia. Although they share simpler versions of some morphological characteristics, they do not show accelerated evolutionary rates, making them ideal candidates to study the evolutionary trajectories that have led to long-branch microsporidian unique characteristics. However, most sequences assigned to the short-branch Microsporidia are undescribed, novel environmental lineages for which the identification requires knowledge of where they can be found. To direct future isolation, we used the EukBank database of the global UniEuk initiative that contains the majority of the publicly available environmental V4 SSU rRNA gene sequences of protists. The curated OTU table and corresponding metadata were used to evaluate the occurrence of short-branch Microsporidia across freshwater, hypersaline, marine benthic, marine pelagic, and terrestrial environments. Presence–absence analyses infer that short-branch Microsporidia are most abundant in freshwater and terrestrial environments, and alpha- and beta-diversity measures indicate that focusing our sampling effort on these two environments would cover a large part of their overall diversity. These results can be used to coordinate future isolation and sampling campaigns to better understand the enigmatic evolution of microsporidians’ unique characteristics.

以前的研究表明，短支微孢子虫在扩展的微孢子虫支系中形成一个基级，并在经典的长支微孢子虫附近分支。虽然它们具有某些形态特征的简单版本，但它们并没有显示出加速的进化速度，因此是研究导致长支微孢子虫独特特征的进化轨迹的理想候选者。然而，分配给短支小孢子虫的大多数序列都是未被描述的、新的环境品系，对它们的鉴定需要了解它们在哪里可以找到。为了指导未来的分离工作，我们使用了全球 UniEuk 计划的 EukBank 数据库，该数据库包含了大多数公开的环境 V4 SSU rRNA 基因序列。我们利用编辑的 OTU 表和相应的元数据来评估淡水、高盐、海洋底栖、海洋水层和陆地环境中短支小孢子虫的出现情况。存在-不存在分析推断，短支小孢子虫在淡水和陆地环境中最为丰富，α-和β-多样性测量结果表明，将取样工作集中在这两种环境中将涵盖其整体多样性的大部分。这些结果可用于协调未来的分离和取样活动，以更好地了解微孢子虫独特特征的神秘演变。

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引用次数: 0

Architecture of the flagellar apparatus and related structures in Kolkwitziella acuta: Towards a fine-structural characterization of pallium-feeding dinoflagellates (Protoperidiniaceae) Kolkwitziella acuta 的鞭毛器及相关结构：对食藻类甲藻（原甲藻纲）进行精细结构鉴定。

IF 1.9 2区生物学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY

European journal of protistology

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126120

Sandra C. Craveiro , Mariana S. Pandeirada , Øjvind Moestrup , António J. Calado

The fine-structural organization of the protoperidiniacean Kolkwitziella acuta was examined by SEM and TEM. Serial sections of five cells of K. acuta were used to study the architecture of basal bodies and associated roots, the pusular system, and the feeding apparatus. The basal bodies were inserted 1 µm apart at an angle of ca. 80°, and displayed the typical peridinioid features of associating with two roots each and having a layered connective linking the longitudinal microtubular root to the transverse striated root. The transverse flagellar canal was associated with a ‘sac pusule’, while the longitudinal flagellar canal was linked, via a pusule canal surrounded by a conspicuous layer of striated material, to a collecting chamber from which ca. 40 pusular tubes radiated. An extruded pallium was present, associated with a microtubular strand (the MSP) that extended anteriorly and progressively separated into six or seven groups of microtubules, with electron-opaque vesicles present along the MSP. A prominent striated collar surrounded the exit area of the pallium and was connected to the striated collars of both the transverse and longitudinal flagellar canals. The partial nuclear-encoded LSU rDNA sequence confirmed the identification as K. acuta. The currently known fine-structural features of pallium-feeding Protoperidiniaceae are summarized.

利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和电子显微镜（TEM）研究了原尾柱虫Kolkwitziella acuta的精细结构组织。用五片 K. acuta 细胞的连续切片来研究基部体和相关根系、脓泡系统和摄食装置的结构。基质体以约 80° 的角度相距 1 µm 插入，并显示出典型的周细胞特征，即每个基质体与两个根相连，并有分层的结缔组织将纵向微管根与横向条纹根连接起来。横向鞭毛管与一个 "囊脓管 "相连，而纵向鞭毛管则通过脓管与一个收集室相连，收集室周围有一层明显的条状物质，从收集室中伸出约 40 根脓管。有一个挤压出的褶层，与向前方延伸的微管股（MSP）相连，并逐渐分离成 6 或 7 组微管，沿 MSP 有不透电子的囊泡。一个突出的条纹领环绕着褶皱出口区域，并与横向和纵向鞭毛管的条纹领相连。部分核编码的 LSU rDNA 序列证实了其为 K. acuta。本文总结了目前已知的以鳞片为食的原栉水母科（Protoperidiniaceae）的精细结构特征。

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引用次数: 0

A new species of the Trichia botrytis complex from the cloud forest in Ecuador 厄瓜多尔云雾林中的一种新的 Trichia botrytis 复合菌种。

IF 1.9 2区生物学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY

European journal of protistology

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126123

Dmytro Leontyev , Edvin Johannesen , Gabriel Moreno , Iryna Yatsiuk , Martin Schnittler

The paper describes a new myxomycete species, Trichia tuberculata, from the Ecuadorian cloud forest. The phylogeny constructed with nuclear 18S rDNA and mitochondrial 17S rDNA sequences indicates that the taxon is closely related to recently described species T. acetocorticola, T. nubila, and T. pinicola, all within the T. botrytis complex. The morphology of the inner peridium surface and capillitium also aligns T. tuberculata with these species. However, the distinctive tuberculate peridium, short elater tips, and perhaps the distribution range (so far found in the equatorial zone only) distinguish T. tuberculata from related taxa.

本文描述了厄瓜多尔云雾林中的一个新菌类--Trichia tuberculata。用核 18S rDNA 和线粒体 17S rDNA 序列构建的系统发生表明，该分类群与最近描述的物种 T. acetocorticola、T. nubila 和 T. pinicola 关系密切，它们都属于 T. botrytis 复合体。T. tuberculata 与这些物种的包被内表面和毛细管的形态也一致。然而，独特的瘤状包被、短的叶尖以及分布范围（迄今为止仅在赤道地区发现）可能会将 T. tuberculata 与相关类群区分开来。

引用次数: 0

Ecology of free-living freshwater heterotrophic euglenoids: A summarizing review 自由生活淡水异养拟绿藻生态学综述。

IF 1.9 2区生物学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY

European journal of protistology

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126127

Jaroslav Kubín , Josef Juráň

This review aims to compile sparse information on the ecology of freshwater heterotrophic euglenoids and synthesize the main phenomena and hypotheses from published results. Apparently, heterotrophic euglenoids play a very important role in the nutrient flow of water ecosystems and are irreplaceable heterotrophic contributors in benthic communities, as their total biomass is by far the largest among heterotrophic flagellates. Even though they are obviously a very crucial part of the diversity of freshwater heterotrophic protists, and likely the most represented (in terms of biovolume) group of heterotrophic flagellates, there have been only a few attempts to elucidate their ecological preferences, roles, niches, and importance. They exhibit three nutrition modes—bacterivory, eukaryovory, and osmotrophy—which are strategies closely related to their taxonomical groupings and phylogenetic positions. Unfortunately, the phylogeny of the majority of the species remains unknown, similar to their autecology. There are major problems with the quantitative research methodologies, which is a big challenge for future research to improve.

本文对淡水异养拟绿藻的生态学研究进行了综述，并对已发表的研究成果中的主要现象和假设进行了综合。显然，异养拟绿藻在水生态系统的养分流动中起着非常重要的作用，是底栖生物群落中不可替代的异养贡献者，其总生物量是迄今为止异养鞭毛虫中最大的。尽管它们显然是淡水异养原生生物多样性中非常重要的一部分，并且可能是异养鞭毛虫中最具代表性（就生物体积而言）的一类，但只有少数人试图阐明它们的生态偏好、作用、生态位和重要性。它们表现出三种营养模式——细菌营养、真核营养和渗透营养——这与它们的分类类群和系统发育位置密切相关。不幸的是，大多数物种的系统发育仍然未知，类似于它们的起源。定量研究方法存在较大问题，是今后研究的一大挑战。

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引用次数: 0

Morphology and molecular phylogeny of Pelagothrix abietum (Penard, 1922) comb. nov. and two new Metacystis and Apolagynus species (Ciliophora, Prostomatea) Morphology and molecular phylogeny of Pelagothrix abietum (Penard, 1922) comb.

IF 1.9 2区生物学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY

European journal of protistology

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126122

Limin Jiang , Qianhui Sun , Xiaoxuan Zhu , Hunter N. Hines , Xiaozhong Hu

Ciliates of the class Prostomatea show a broad spectrum of feeding strategies and often occur abundantly in various aquatic habitats, playing a vital role in the biogeochemical cycle. Due to their small cell size and simple structure, prostomateans were considered to be a group with a lower degree of morphological differentiation for a long time. However, recent research suggests that the diversity of this group of ciliates is higher than previously thought. In the present study, three prostomateans, collected from different localities in China and classified into three families, were examined using morphological and phylogenetic techniques. Our analyses revealed two new species, Metacystis multitricha sp. nov. and Apolagynus spiralis sp. nov., and suggested a transfer of Prorodon abietum Penard, 1922 to the genus Pelagothrix. Phylogenetic analyses corroborated the morphological classifications of the three species into the families Metacystidae, Lagynusidae, and Holophryidae, respectively, demonstrating that their diagnostic characteristics bear an evolutionary signal at the family level.

前列纤毛虫类纤毛虫的摄食策略多种多样，经常大量出现在各种水生生境中，在生物地球化学循环中扮演着重要角色。由于细胞体积小、结构简单，前列纤毛虫长期以来被认为是形态分化程度较低的一类。然而，最近的研究表明，这类纤毛虫的多样性比以前想象的要高。本研究利用形态学和系统发生学技术，对从中国不同地区采集到的三种前列纤毛虫进行了研究，并将其分为三科。我们的分析揭示了两个新物种：Metacystis multitricha sp.nov.和 Apolagynus spiralis sp.nov.，并建议将 Prorodon abietum Penard, 1922 移入 Pelagothrix 属。系统发生学分析证实了这三个物种分别归入 Metacystidae 科、Lagynusidae 科和 Holophryidae 科的形态学分类，表明它们的诊断特征具有科一级的进化信号。

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引用次数: 0

Protists in science communication 科学传播中的原生生物

IF 2.9 2区生物学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY

European journal of protistology

Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126094

Álmos Becz , Federico Buonanno , Gabriele Achille , Claudio Ortenzi , Sabine Wanzenböck , Alan Warren , Bettina Sonntag

Despite their high abundance and wide distribution in ecosystems, most protists remain unknown to the public. Although science communication approaches were developed in historical times to raise public awareness of these ‘enigmatic’ taxa, many aspects have not been considered in the spotlight of modern techniques. We present selected ideas and activities on how to attract the public to unicellular eukaryotes. We give examples of how protists can be included in educational work. We explain that trained non-experts can understand and teach others how to recognize protists, where they live, in which habitats they can be found, what they look like and why they are important. Consequently, members of the public can learn how environmental threats impact not only the lives of protists but also ours, e.g., by the accumulation of microplastics through an aquatic food web, up to fish used for human consumption. We suggest age-appropriate methods for application in workshops on protist recognition.

尽管原生生物在生态系统中数量众多、分布广泛，但大多数原生生物仍然不为公众所知。尽管历史上曾开发过科学传播方法来提高公众对这些 "神秘 "类群的认识，但在现代技术的聚光灯下，很多方面还没有得到考虑。我们就如何吸引公众关注单细胞真核生物提出了一些想法和活动。我们举例说明如何将原生生物纳入教育工作。我们解释说，经过培训的非专业人员可以理解并教会他人如何识别原生生物、它们生活在哪里、在哪些栖息地可以找到它们、它们长什么样子以及它们为什么重要。因此，公众可以了解环境威胁不仅如何影响原生生物的生活，也如何影响我们的生活，例如，微塑料通过水生食物网的积累，最终影响到人类食用的鱼类。我们建议将适合不同年龄段的方法应用于原生生物识别研讨会。

引用次数: 0

Resource supply and intraspecific variation in inducible defense determine predator–prey interactions in an intraguild predation food web 资源供应和诱导性防御的种内变异决定了捕食者与被捕食者之间的相互作用。

IF 1.9 2区生物学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY

European journal of protistology

Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126114

Fenja-Marie Möller , Sabine Flöder , Graziano Di Giuseppe , Stefanie Devi Moorthi

This study investigated the dynamics of reciprocal phenotypic plasticity entailing inducible defense and offense in freshwater ciliate communities in response to altered resource supply and the extent of intraspecific trait variation. Communities consisted of Euplotes octocarinatus (intraguild prey) capable of inducible defense to escape predation, Stylonychia mytilus (intraguild predator) capable of inducible offense to expand its prey spectrum, and Cryptomonas sp. (algal resource). The extent of inducible defense was tested in ten different Euplotes strains in response to freeze-killed Stylonychia concentrate, revealing significant differences in their width and length development. In a subsequent 30-day experiment, four strains were incubated in monoculture and mixture with Stylonychia under continuous and pulsed microalgae supply. The polyclonal Euplotes population outperformed the monoclonal populations, except one, which developed the most pronounced inducible defense and retained the highest biovolume. Stylonychia fluctuated in size, but dominated all communities irrespective of clonal composition. Pulsed resource supply promoted biovolume production of both species. However, periods of resource depletion resulted in more Stylonychia resting cysts, allowing Euplotes to resume growth. Our study provides new insights into interactions of induced defense and intraguild predation under variable environmental conditions, emphasizing the relevance of intraspecific trait variation for predator–prey interactions and community dynamics.

本研究调查了淡水纤毛虫群落中可诱导防御和进攻的互惠表型可塑性动态，以应对资源供应的改变和种内性状变异的程度。群落由能够诱导防御以逃避捕食的八角栉水母（Euplotes octocarinatus）（群落内猎物）、能够诱导进攻以扩大猎物范围的贻贝（群落内捕食者）和隐单胞菌（藻类资源）组成。我们测试了十种不同幼虫品系对冷冻杀死的石龙子精矿的诱导性防御程度，结果发现它们在宽度和长度发育方面存在显著差异。在随后进行的为期 30 天的实验中，在连续和脉冲微藻供应条件下，对四种菌株进行了单一培养和与石龙子菌混合培养。多克隆 Euplotes 群体的表现优于单克隆群体，只有一种除外，这种群体的诱导性防御能力最强，生物体积也最大。花柱虫的大小有所波动，但在所有群落中都占主导地位，与克隆组成无关。脉冲式的资源供应促进了这两个物种的生物量生产。然而，资源枯竭期会导致更多的石龙子休眠囊，从而使大戟科鱼类恢复生长。我们的研究为在多变的环境条件下诱导防御和群落内捕食的相互作用提供了新的见解，强调了种内性状变异与捕食者-被捕食者相互作用和群落动态的相关性。

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引用次数: 0