European journal of protistology最新文献

英文中文

Typical and atypical cell division versus potential meiosis and sex in euglenids 真核细胞的典型和非典型细胞分裂与潜在减数分裂和性别

IF 1.6 2区生物学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY

European journal of protistology

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2025.126164

Andrej Jedlička , Olivier Barth , Diana Lihanová Bugajdová , Terézia Beck , Vanessa Gelanová , Juraj Krajčovič , Dominika Vešelényiová , Matej Vesteg

Euglenids typically reproduce asexually by closed intranuclear orthomitosis and longitudinal cell division. The nucleus divides without the dissolution of the nuclear envelope, and the spindle is radially symmetric. Typical longitudinal cell division begins in the reservoir at the anterior end of the cell and the shape of the dividing cell gradually changes from a “Y” to a “V”. This paper reviews typical mitosis and cytokinesis in euglenids, alongside atypical cell division, in which a single cell produces more than two daughter cells, forming distinctive star-like structures. Atypical cell division is particularly observed under specific stress conditions, such as exposure to chemical substances (e.g., phenol and xylene), and in senescent cultures. Although euglenids are generally considered to be asexual, the presence of key meiotic genes in Euglena gracilis suggests the potential for sexual reproduction. Bioinformatic analyses and experimental approaches, including flow cytometry and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), are discussed as potential methods for detecting meiosis, sex, and cell fusion in euglenids. This review contributes to a broader understanding of both typical and atypical cell division in euglenids and underscores the need for further research into these processes, including the possible occurrence of meiosis and sexual reproduction.

真核体通常通过核内正丝分裂和纵向细胞分裂进行无性繁殖。核分裂时不溶解核膜，纺锤体呈径向对称。典型的纵向细胞分裂始于细胞前端的贮液区，分裂细胞的形状由“Y”形逐渐变为“V”形。本文综述了真核细胞中典型的有丝分裂和细胞质分裂，以及非典型细胞分裂，其中单个细胞产生两个以上的子细胞，形成独特的星形结构。在特定的应激条件下，如暴露于化学物质（如苯酚和二甲苯）和衰老培养物中，特别观察到非典型细胞分裂。虽然一般认为真核菊属植物是无性的，但存在的关键减数分裂基因表明真核菊属植物可能有性生殖。生物信息学分析和实验方法，包括流式细胞术和荧光原位杂交（FISH），讨论了作为检测真核细胞减数分裂、性别和细胞融合的潜在方法。这一综述有助于更广泛地了解真核细胞的典型和非典型细胞分裂，并强调需要进一步研究这些过程，包括减数分裂和有性生殖的可能发生。

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引用次数: 0

Novel taxa of the centrohelid heliozoans (Pterocystida and Panacanthocystida) from agricultural soils 农业土壤中圆心虫的新分类群（翼虫和泛棘虫）

IF 1.6 2区生物学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY

European journal of protistology

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2025.126165

Dmitry G. Zagumyonnyi , German A. Sozonov , Elena A. Gerasimova , Artem O. Belyaev , Olga N. Zagumyonnaya , Elizaveta E. Makarenko , Ruslan Kasseinov , Denis V. Tikhonenkov

Soil protists play key roles in terrestrial ecosystems, influencing microbial dynamics, nutrient cycling, and plant health. In this study, we describe a new genus and species of centrohelid heliozoans, Tellocystis perplexa gen. et sp. nov. and Raphidocystis akmolaensis sp. nov., isolated from agricultural soil habitats, and characterize two other known cyst-forming centrohelid species from soil. T. perplexa gen. et sp. nov., studied using light and electron microscopy, possesses an unusual spine-scale morphology, featuring a small drop-shaped basal plate and a curved shaft. Phylogenetic analysis of the 18S rRNA gene unexpectedly placed this species within the clade previously referred to as ‘Pinaciophora’, which is nested within Pterista, alongside unpublished clones of ‘Choanocystis perpusilla’ from Franz Josef Land and Southern Transbaikalia. Based on the obtained data, we transferred C. perpusilla to the genus Tellocystis. R. akmolaensis sp. nov. is morphologically similar to R. symmetrica, but differs from it by having smaller cell and plate-scale sizes, and by formation of cyst scales that are distinct from those of its trophic phase. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that this species occupies a deep evolutionary position within Raphidocystidae, basal to R. symmetrica, R. tubifera, R. ambigua, and ‘R. brunii’. This study advances current knowledge of the diversity of soil heterotrophic protists, which play an essential role in regulating microbial populations, and clarifies the intricate taxonomy of some centrohelid heliozoans.

土壤原生生物在陆地生态系统中发挥着关键作用，影响着微生物动力学、养分循环和植物健康。在本研究中，我们描述了从农业土壤生境中分离到的一个新属和新种：Tellocystis perplexa . et sp. 11和Raphidocystis akmolaensis sp. nov.，并对另外两个已知的从土壤中分离到的形成囊状的centrohelids物种进行了表征。使用光镜和电子显微镜研究的T. perplexa gen. et sp. nov.具有不寻常的脊柱鳞片形态，具有小水滴状的基底和弯曲的轴。18S rRNA基因的系统发育分析出乎意料地将该物种置于以前被称为“Pinaciophora”的进化枝中，该进化枝嵌套在Pterista中，与来自Franz Josef Land和南外贝卡拉的“Choanocystis perpusilla”的未发表克隆一起。根据获得的资料，我们将C. perpusilla转移到Tellocystis属。akmolaensis sp. 11 .在形态上与对称r.s ametrica相似，但不同之处在于其细胞和板级尺寸较小，并且形成与营养期不同的囊肿鳞片。系统发育分析表明，该种在Raphidocystidae中处于较深的进化位置，属于对称鼠属、管形鼠属、双歧鼠属和' R。brunii”。本研究进一步提高了对土壤异养原生生物多样性的认识，并澄清了一些中心体日生动物的复杂分类。

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引用次数: 0

Morphology and multi-gene phylogeny of Rubrioxytricha hasllaensis n. sp. (Ciliophora, Spirotrichea) from South Korea. 韩国毛螺旋体Rubrioxytricha hasllaensis n. sp.（纤毛虫目，螺旋体目）的形态和多基因系统发育。

IF 1.6 2区生物学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY

European journal of protistology

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2025.126163

Ji Hye Moon, Atef Omar, Jae-Ho Jung

The morphology and multi-gene phylogeny of Rubrioxytricha hasllaensis n. sp., a non-oxytrichid dorsomarginalian ciliate discovered in a brackish water habitat in South Korea, were investigated. The new species is characterized by a body size of 125-145 × 30-40 μm in vivo, colorless cytoplasm, yellow cortical granules, 30-36 adoral membranelles, 25-35 left and 25-38 right marginal cirri, a single caudal cirrus, and undulating membranes distinctly curved leftward. In phylogenetic analyses based on 18S rRNA gene sequences, the new species clusters with other Rubrioxytricha species, forming a monophyletic clade that groups with members of the genera Polystichothrix, Pseudogastrostyla, Pseudocyrtohymena, and Pseudocyrtohymenides. In phylogenetic analyses using concatenated 18S-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and partial 28S rRNA gene sequences, newly obtained sequences from Rubrioxytricha, Pseudocyrtohymena, and Pseudocyrtohymenides form a sister clade to the assemblage of soft-bodied hypotrichs possessing dorsal kinety fragmentation. In addition to identifying morphological apomorphies shared by Rubrioxytricha and its phylogenetically related genera, including the absence of dorsal kinety fragmentation, a reduced number of caudal cirri, and the presence of a bipolar dorsomarginal kinety, new generic characters are introduced for dorsomarginalian hypotrichs and used to improve the diagnosis of the genus Rubrioxytricha.

研究了在韩国半咸水生境中发现的一种非氧化毛纤毛虫（Rubrioxytricha hasllaensis n. sp.）的形态和多基因系统发育。该新种体大小为125 ~ 145 × 30 ~ 40 μm，胞质无色，皮质颗粒呈黄色，口膜30 ~ 36个，左右边缘卷膜25 ~ 35个和25 ~ 38个，尾卷膜单个，膜呈波浪状，明显向左弯曲。在基于18S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析中，新种与其他Rubrioxytricha种聚集在一起，与Polystichothrix属、Pseudogastrostyla属、pseudoyrtohymena属和pseudoyrtohymenides属成员组成一个单系分支。利用串联的18S-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2和部分28S rRNA基因序列进行系统发育分析，新获得的Rubrioxytricha、pseudoyrtohymenia和pseudoyrtohymenides的序列与具有背侧运动断裂的软体下肢动物组合形成了一个姐妹分支。除了鉴定了Rubrioxytricha及其系统发育相关属共有的形态学特征，包括没有背缘断裂、尾缘数量减少和双极性背缘运动的存在外，还为背缘动物引入了新的属性特征，并用于改进Rubrioxytricha属的诊断。

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引用次数: 0

First records of nivicolous myxomycetes (Amoebozoa) from Kazakhstan 哈萨克斯坦尼维菌黏菌（阿米巴虫）的首次记录

IF 1.6 2区生物学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY

European journal of protistology

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2025.126161

Zhansaya Azirakhmet , Oleg Shchepin , Maho Inoue , Assiya Kussainova , Rakhmetkazhy Bersimbaev , Martin Schnittler

We present the first survey of nivicolous myxomycetes (plasmodial slime molds, Amoebozoa) conducted in Kazakhstan, specifically from the Ile-Alatau mountain range near Almaty. A total of 82 specimens were collected, and 16 species were identified using a comparative morphological approach. Except for Didymium dubium, all identified species represent first records for Kazakhstan. DNA barcoding confirmed the morphology-based identification of 70 specimens, revealing 26 distinct barcode sequence variants. Among these, nine 18S rDNA barcode variants were novel and have not been previously reported in the GenBank database.

我们提出了在哈萨克斯坦，特别是阿拉木图附近的阿拉托岛山脉进行的首次硝基黏菌（疟原虫黏菌，阿米巴虫）调查。共采集标本82份，采用比较形态学方法鉴定了16种。除Didymium duum外，所有已确定的物种都是哈萨克斯坦的首次记录。DNA条形码证实了70个标本的形态学鉴定，揭示了26个不同的条形码序列变体。其中，9个18S rDNA条形码变体是新的，以前未在GenBank数据库中报道过。

引用次数: 0

PCNA's dual legacy in ciliates: Conserved replication scaffold and lineage-specific genome architect PCNA在纤毛虫中的双重遗产：保守的复制支架和谱系特异性基因组架构

IF 1.6 2区生物学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY

European journal of protistology

Pub Date : 2025-07-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2025.126162

Hongzhen Jiang , Haicheng Li , Chundi Wang , Yuanyuan Wang , Yongqiang Liu

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a central scaffold in eukaryotic DNA replication, repair, and epigenetic regulation. While its roles are well-characterized in canonical model organisms, ciliates, unicellular eukaryotes with nuclear dimorphism and programmed genome remodeling, offer unparalleled insights into PCNA's functional adaptability. Their unique biology, including replication-coupled DNA elimination, macronuclear amplification, and replication band dynamics, positions PCNA at the intersection of genome stability and plasticity. This review systematically compares ciliate and human PCNA through phylogenetic, structural, and functional analyses. We reveal that ciliate PCNAs, despite ∼50 % sequence divergence from mammals, preserve conserved trimerization interfaces and partner-binding motifs, as validated by AlphaFold3-predicted models of the classical model organism Tetrahymena thermophila and the emerging systems Euplotes eurystomus and Stylonychia lemnae. Functional summaries highlight lineage-specific innovations, including epigenetic regulation, paralog specialization for nuclear differentiation, and replication band assembly. These findings have broader implications for elucidating replication-coupled chromatin dynamics, the adaptive evolution of multiprotein complexes, and the use of non-model organisms such as E. eurystomus and S. lemnae to uncover conserved principles of genome biology.

增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）是真核生物DNA复制、修复和表观遗传调控的中心支架。虽然它的作用在典型模式生物中很好地表征，但纤毛虫，具有核二态性和程序化基因组重塑的单细胞真核生物，为PCNA的功能适应性提供了无与伦比的见解。它们独特的生物学特性，包括复制偶联DNA消除、大核扩增和复制带动力学，使PCNA处于基因组稳定性和可塑性的交叉点。本文通过系统发育、结构和功能分析，系统地比较了纤毛虫和人类的PCNA。我们发现，尽管与哺乳动物的序列差异约为50%，但纤毛虫的PCNAs保留了保守的三聚化界面和伴侣结合基序，这一点得到了经典模式生物嗜热四膜虫（Tetrahymena thermophila）和新兴系统eurystomus和Stylonychia lemnae的alphafol3d预测模型的验证。功能总结强调谱系特异性创新，包括表观遗传调控、核分化的平行特化和复制带组装。这些发现对于阐明复制偶联染色质动力学、多蛋白复合物的适应性进化以及利用非模式生物（如E. eurystomus和S. lemnae）揭示基因组生物学的保守原理具有更广泛的意义。

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引用次数: 0

Trait-based predictors of feeding ecology patterns in shelled microorganisms 有壳微生物取食生态模式的性状预测因子

IF 1.9 2区生物学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY

European journal of protistology

Pub Date : 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2025.126160

Rafael L. Macêdo , Odete Rocha

Functional traits provide key insights into ecological strategies and evolutionary diversification. In this study, we analyzed a comprehensive trait dataset to investigate morphological predictors of feeding ecology in testate amoebae from the Northern Holarctic realm, focusing on variability across 372 species. We also examined whether trait diversity mirrors taxonomic richness at the family level. Morphological traits included shell length, shell width, aperture dimensions, shape, and covering. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicated that Axis 1 predominantly represented variation in shell and aperture size, while Axis 2 was associated with differences in overall shape proportions. Bacterivorous species exhibited the greatest morphological and taxonomic diversity, spanning 21 families and 48 genera, with mixotrophs and predators occupying nested subsets of their broader morphospace. The regression analyses demonstrated significant associations between species richness and variation in protective features, including aperture rim morphology and the presence of spines. Decision tree models identified the aperture width-to-length ratio as a key predictor of feeding strategy, although classification accuracy was lower for mixotrophs and predators. Future research should integrate shell morphology with phylogenetic data to enhance ecological strategy predictions in testate amoebae and explore hypotheses regarding functional diversification across a broader geographical scale and within different environments.

功能性状为生态策略和进化多样化提供了关键的见解。在这项研究中，我们分析了一个综合的性状数据集，以研究来自北全北极地区的雄性变形虫的摄食生态的形态学预测因子，重点研究了372种变形虫的变异。我们还研究了性状多样性是否反映了科水平上的分类丰富度。形态学特征包括壳长、壳宽、孔径尺寸、形状和覆盖。主成分分析（PCA）表明，轴1主要代表壳和孔径大小的变化，轴2主要代表整体形状比例的差异。细菌食性物种表现出最大的形态和分类多样性，跨越21科48属，混合营养型和捕食者占据了其更广泛形态空间的巢状亚群。回归分析表明，物种丰富度与保护特征（包括孔缘形态和棘的存在）的变化之间存在显著的相关性。决策树模型发现，虽然混合营养型和捕食型动物的分类准确率较低，但孔径宽长比是捕食策略的关键预测因子。未来的研究应将壳形态与系统发育数据结合起来，以加强对遗存变形虫的生态策略预测，并探索在更广泛的地理范围和不同环境下功能多样化的假设。

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引用次数: 0

Revision of the Acanthocystis turfacea species complex, description of Acanthocystis pohjolensis n. sp. and notes on the phylogeny of Acanthocystis 革面棘囊藻（Acanthocystis turfacea）物种复合体的修订，pohjolensis n. sp.的描述和棘囊藻系统发育的注释

IF 1.9 2区生物学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY

European journal of protistology

Pub Date : 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2025.126159

Savelii A. Poluzerov , Sofiya V. Dmitrovskaya

Acanthocystis turfacea Carter, 1863 is the type species of the centrohelid genus Acanthocystis Carter, 1863, which is characterized by bifurcated spine scales. In this study, the organism reported under the name A. turfacea by Zlatogursky and Klimov (2016) is reidentified as A. hymenodes Nicholls, 2023, based on morphological and morphometric evidence. Additionally, a centrohelid with a small cell diameter (7.9–11.9 μm) and distinctive scales, previously attributed to A. turfacea, was isolated from a marine habitat and is described here as a new species, Acanthocystis pohjolensis n. sp. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on 18S rRNA gene sequences places A. pohjolensis and A. hymenodes in a basal position within the genus Acanthocystis, suggesting that bifurcated spine scales are likely an ancestral trait of this genus. Furthermore, the taxonomic status of A. turfacea ssp. decidens Nicholls, 2023 is revised and elevated to species level as A. decidens Nicholls, 2023 n. stat. The A. turfacea species complex is revisited.

棘囊藻（Acanthocystis turfacea Carter, 1863）是棘囊藻属（Acanthocystis Carter, 1863）的模式种，其特征是棘鳞分叉。在本研究中，根据形态学和形态计量学证据，Zlatogursky和Klimov（2016）以A. turfacea命名的生物被重新鉴定为A. hymenodes Nicholls, 2023。此外，从一个海洋生境中分离到一种具有小细胞直径（7.9 ~ 11.9 μm）和独特鳞片的原属棘囊藻（Acanthocystis pohjolensis n. sp）。基于18S rRNA基因序列的分子系统发育分析表明，a . pohjolensis和a . hymenodes位于棘囊藻属的基础位置，提示棘囊藻可能是该属的一个祖先特征。此外，还研究了其分类学地位。对A. decens Nicholls， 2023进行了修订，并将其提升为A. decens Nicholls, 2023 n. stat.重新审视了A. turfacea物种复群。

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引用次数: 0

Tales of the crown: An integrative approach to the testate amoeba Galeripora dentata (Ehrenberg, 1830) Siemensma, 2021 (Amoebozoa, Arcellinida, Arcellidae) 王冠的故事：对齿状变形虫Galeripora齿状变形虫的综合研究（Ehrenberg, 1830） Siemensma, 2021（变形虫目，阿米巴目，阿米巴科）

IF 1.9 2区生物学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY

European journal of protistology

Pub Date : 2025-06-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2025.126157

Nikola Bankov

Species delimitation in unicellular organisms remains a significant challenge, primarily due to the limited number of taxonomically informative traits and their often adaptive nature. Moreover, most original descriptions of testate amoebae, dating from the late 19th to mid-20th century, relied solely on light microscopy, were often accompanied by inadequate diagnoses, and lacked illustrative drawings. To address the limitations of the historic phenetic classification, modern approaches are needed to resolve fundamental questions concerning true biodiversity and phylogenetic relationships. In this study, I employed an integrative framework that combines ecological data, morphological data (light and scanning electron microscopy), and biometric measurements to investigate the testate amoeba Galeripora dentata (Ehrenberg, 1830) Siemensma, 2021 from Bulgaria. I provide an improved diagnosis of the species, along with a synthesis of its global geographical distribution and ecological preferences.

单细胞生物的物种划分仍然是一个重大的挑战，主要是由于分类信息特征数量有限，而且它们往往具有适应性。此外，从19世纪末到20世纪中期，大多数关于遗嘱变形虫的原始描述仅仅依靠光学显微镜，常常伴有不充分的诊断，并且缺乏插图。为了解决历史遗传分类的局限性，需要现代方法来解决有关真正的生物多样性和系统发育关系的基本问题。在这项研究中，我采用了一个综合框架，将生态数据、形态学数据（光学和扫描电子显微镜）和生物特征测量相结合，研究了来自保加利亚的无足变形虫Galeripora dentata （Ehrenberg, 1830）和Siemensma（2021）。我提供了一种改进的物种诊断，以及它的全球地理分布和生态偏好的综合。

引用次数: 0

A new freshwater monothalamid (Rhizaria, Foraminifera) from the Pyrenees branching within a marine clade 来自比利牛斯山的一种新的淡水单壳虫（根状纲，有孔虫目），在海洋分支中分支

IF 1.9 2区生物学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY

European journal of protistology

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2025.126156

Maria Holzmann , Ferry Siemensma

Monothalamous (single-chambered) foraminifera are widespread in marine benthic environments and are also a common part of freshwater and soil microbial communities. Based on molecular and morphological characteristics, seven non-marine families are currently recognized, branching either as sisters to marine clades or independently within the paraphyletic class Monothalamida. In this study, we describe a new monothalamous freshwater foraminifera sampled from a Pyrenean pond near the French town of Cauterets. We erect the novel genus Poseidonella, with its type species Poseidonella transaquatica sp. nov. The new species branches within the marine clade E, which includes the genera Psammophaga, Vellaria, Niveus, and Nellya. This represents the first evidence of a mixed clade comprising both marine and freshwater monothalamids, highlighting an ongoing transition from coastal marine environments to freshwater habitats.

单腔有孔虫广泛存在于海洋底栖环境中，也是淡水和土壤微生物群落的共同组成部分。基于分子和形态特征，目前已经确认了7个非海洋科，它们要么是海洋分支的姐妹，要么是单丘脑纲的独立分支。在这项研究中，我们描述了一种新的单地中海淡水有孔虫，样本来自法国Cauterets镇附近的比利牛斯池塘。我们建立了新属Poseidonella，其模式种Poseidonella transaquatica sp. 11 .新种是海洋进化枝E的分支，包括psammoophaga属、Vellaria属、Niveus属和Nellya属。这是海洋和淡水单丘脑类混合进化的第一个证据，突出了从沿海海洋环境到淡水栖息地的持续过渡。

引用次数: 0

Phagocytes of the forest: Are myxomycetes defensive mutualists for host plants? 森林吞噬细胞：黏菌是寄主植物的防御性互惠主义者吗？

IF 1.9 2区生物学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY

European journal of protistology

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2025.126158

Diana Wrigley de Basanta, Carlos Lado

Myxomycetes are microscopic eukaryotic organisms classified within the phylum Amoebozoa. They are naked amoebae, with or without a flagellated stage in their life cycle, capable of forming a multinucleate cell (plasmodium) and producing fruiting bodies for spore dispersal. Myxomycetes are natural bacterivores and fungivores, consistently associated with plants or plant remains in terrestrial habitats. They are commonly found on decaying wood but also occur in living plants, where they may act as mutualists. Here, we propose that these microorganisms function as primary endophytic symbionts of plants, potentially protecting them from other endophytes. We comment on published studies that support this relationship and suggest that further evidence could be obtained through molecular or genomic approaches.

黏菌是一种微小的真核生物，属于变形虫门。它们是赤裸的变形虫，在其生命周期中有或没有鞭毛阶段，能够形成多核细胞（疟原虫）并产生子实体以传播孢子。黏菌是天然的食菌者和食真菌者，一直与陆地栖息地的植物或植物遗骸有关。它们通常出现在腐烂的木头上，但也出现在活的植物中，它们可能是共生的。在这里，我们提出这些微生物作为植物的初级内生共生体，可能保护它们免受其他内生菌的侵害。我们对支持这种关系的已发表的研究发表评论，并建议通过分子或基因组方法获得进一步的证据。

引用次数: 0

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