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Euglena gracilis: Biochemical properties of a membrane bound ecto-phosphatase activity modulated by fluoroaluminate complexes and different trophic conditions 薄叶草:膜结合外磷酸酶活性受氟铝酸盐复合物和不同营养条件调节的生化特性
IF 2.9 2区 生物学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2023.126010
Anita Leocadio Freitas-Mesquita , Luiz Fernando Carvalho-Kelly , Thaís Souza Silveira Majerowicz , José Roberto Meyer-Fernandes

The ecto-phosphatases belong to a group of enzymes closely associated with the cell surface that has its catalytic site facing the extracellular environment, where different phosphorylated substrates can be hydrolyzed. In the present work, we biochemically characterized the ecto-phosphatase activity of the freshwater microalgae Euglena gracilis, a model microorganism, ubiquitously distributed and resistant to several environmental stressors. The ecto-phosphatase activity is acidic, stimulated by copper and presents the following apparent kinetic parameters: Km = 2.52 ± 0.12 mM p-NPP and Vmax = 3.62 ± 0.06 nmol p-NP × h−1 × 106 cells. We observed that zinc, orthovanadate, molybdate, fluoride, and inorganic phosphate inhibit the ecto-phosphatase activity with different magnitudes. Fluoroaluminate complexes are also inhibitors of this ecto-phosphatase activity. They can be formed in the enzyme reaction conditions and are likely to occur in a natural environment where E. gracilis can be found. The ecto-phosphatase activity is constant through the culture growth phases and is negatively modulated after continuous subculturing in the dark when a shift from phototrophic to the heterotrophic metabolism is likely. The analysis of those biochemical parameters may contribute to understanding the role of E. gracilis ecto-phosphatase activity in natural environments.

外磷酸酶属于一组与细胞表面密切相关的酶,其催化位点面向细胞外环境,在细胞外环境中可以水解不同的磷酸化底物。本研究对淡水微藻(Euglena gracilis)的外磷酸酶活性进行了生化表征。Euglena gracilis是一种分布广泛且对多种环境胁迫具有抗性的模式微生物。外磷酸酶活性呈酸性,受铜刺激,呈现如下表观动力学参数:Km = 2.52±0.12 mM p-NPP, Vmax = 3.62±0.06 nmol p-NP × h−1 × 106细胞。我们观察到锌、原钒酸盐、钼酸盐、氟化物和无机磷酸盐不同程度地抑制了外磷酸酶的活性。氟铝酸盐络合物也是这种外磷酸酶活性的抑制剂。它们可以在酶反应条件下形成,并且很可能发生在可以发现薄叶菊的自然环境中。在整个培养生长阶段,外磷酸酶活性是恒定的,在黑暗中连续继代培养后,当从光养代谢转变为异养代谢时,其活性被负调节。这些生化参数的分析可能有助于了解草外磷酸酶活性在自然环境中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Holospora-like bacteria “Candidatus Gortzia yakutica” and Preeria caryophila: Ultrastructure, promiscuity, and biogeography of the symbionts 全息孢子样细菌" Candidatus Gortzia yakutica "和Preeria caryloila:共生体的超微结构、混杂性和生物地理学
IF 2.9 2区 生物学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2023.125998
Sergei I. Fokin , Natalia A. Lebedeva , Alexey Potekhin , Leandro Gammuto , Giulio Petroni , Valentina Serra

Two already known representatives of Holospora-like bacteria, “Candidatus Gortzia yakutica” from Paramecium putrinum and Preeria caryophila, originally retrieved from the Paramecium aurelia complex, were found in new hosts: Paramecium nephridiatum and Paramecium polycaryum, respectively. In the present study, these bacteria were investigated using morphological and molecular methods. For “Ca. G. yakutica”, the first details of the electron microscopic structure in the main and new hosts were provided. Regarding Pr. caryophila, the ultrastructural description of this species was implemented by several features previously unknown, such as the so called “membrane cluster” dividing periplasm from cytoplasm and fine composition of infectious forms before and during its releasing from the infected macronucleus. The new combinations of these Holospora-like bacteria with ciliate hosts were discussed from biogeographical and ecological points of view. Host specificity of symbionts as a general paradigm was critically reviewed as well.

两种已知的Holospora-like细菌的代表,“Candidatus Gortzia yakutica”来自于putrium草履虫和Preeria caryoila,最初是从草履虫繁复体中提取的,分别在新的宿主中被发现:nephridiatum草履虫和polycaryum草履虫。本研究用形态学和分子学方法对这些细菌进行了研究。对于“Ca. G. yakutica”,提供了主寄主和新寄主的电子显微结构的第一个细节。关于嗜核杆菌,该物种的超微结构描述是通过一些以前未知的特征来实现的,例如将外周质与细胞质分开的所谓“膜簇”,以及在其从被感染的大细胞核释放之前和释放过程中感染形态的精细组成。从生物地理学和生态学的角度讨论了这些类全息孢子菌与纤毛虫寄主的新组合。寄主特异性的共生体作为一个普遍的范式进行了批判性的审查。
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引用次数: 1
Host specificity of passerine Lankesterella (Apicomplexa: Coccidia) 球球虫(顶复合体:球虫)寄主特异性的研究
IF 2.9 2区 生物学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2023.126007
Ashwin Kumar Saravana Bhavan Venkatachalam , Ivan Čepička , Kristýna Hrazdilová , Milena Svobodová

Lankesterella parasites are blood coccidians that have recently gained attention as their records in common passerine species emerge. To date, their occurrence has been molecularly confirmed in several passerine genera, mainly among members of the families Paridae and Acrocephalidae. Despite their relatively high prevalence in some host populations, their life cycles remain unclear, mosquitoes or mites being the proposed vectors. The aim of this study was to reveal Lankesterella host specificity, focusing mainly on parasites of tit and warbler species (families Paridae and Acrocephalidae). We have determined the 18S rRNA gene sequences of Lankesterella from 35 individuals belonging to eight different host species. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that passerine Lankesterella are host-specific, with specificity at the host genus or species level. Besides Lankesterella, Isospora sequences were obtained from avian blood as well, pointing out the need for barcoding.

Lankesterella寄生虫是一种血球虫,近年来在普通雀鸟物种中出现的记录引起了人们的关注。迄今为止,它们的发生已在几个雀形目属中得到分子证实,主要是在重肢科和肢头科的成员中。尽管它们在一些宿主种群中发病率相对较高,但它们的生命周期尚不清楚,蚊子或螨虫被认为是媒介。本研究的目的是揭示Lankesterella寄主特异性,主要研究了山雀和莺种(重翅科和肩头科)的寄生虫。我们测定了8种不同寄主种35个Lankesterella个体的18S rRNA基因序列。系统发育分析表明,该菌具有宿主特异性,在宿主属或种水平上具有特异性。除了Lankesterella外,还从禽类血液中获得了等孢子菌序列,指出了条形码技术的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Corrigendum to “Morphologic and molecular characterization of Apertospathula pilata n. sp., a novel freshwater spathidiid (Ciliophora Litostomatea) from Idaho USA” [Eur. J. Protistol. 89 (2023) 125990] 来自美国爱达荷州的一种新型淡水蜘蛛(Ciliophora Litostomatea)的形态和分子特征的勘误表[欧洲]。[j]中华医学杂志。89 (2023):125990]
IF 2.9 2区 生物学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2023.126011
William Bourland
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引用次数: 0
First redescription and molecular phylogeny of Trimyema claviforme Kahl, 1933 with the description of a Chinese population of Plagiopyla nasuta Stein, 1860 (Ciliophora, Plagiopylea) 棒形Trimyema claiforme Kahl的首次重新描述和分子系统发育,1933年,对中国的Plagiopyla nasuta Stein种群的描述,1860年(Ciliophora,Plagiopylea)。
IF 2.9 2区 生物学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2023.126003
Ran Li , Wenbao Zhuang , Xiaochen Feng , Hunter N. Hines , Xiaozhong Hu

Ciliates belonging to the class Plagiopylea are obligate anaerobes that are often neglected due to their cryptic lifestyles, difficulty of observation, and overall under-sampling. Here, we investigate two species, namely Trimyema claviforme Kahl, 1933 and Plagiopyla nasuta Stein, 1860, collected in China from marine and freshwater anaerobic sediments, respectively. A complete morphological dataset, together with SSU rRNA gene sequence data were obtained and used to diagnose the species. No molecular sequencing had ever been performed on Trimyema claviforme, with its ciliature also previously unknown. Based on these novel data presented here, the ciliate is characterized by a claviform cell shape, with a size of 35–45 × 10–20 μm in vivo, 28–39 longitudinal somatic ciliary rows forming five ciliary girdles (four complete girdles and a shorter one), two dikinetids left to anterior end of oral kinety 1, and an epaulet. A Chinese population of the well-known ciliate P. nasuta was investigated, and morphological comparisons revealed phenotypic stability of the species. The phylogenetic analyses supported previous findings about the monophyly of the families Trimyemidae and Plagiopylidae, with Trimyema claviforme branching off early in the genus Trimyema. The Chinese population of P. nasuta clusters together with two other populations with full support corroborating their conspecificity.

属于Plagiopylea纲的纤毛虫是专性厌氧菌,由于其隐蔽的生活方式、难以观察和总体采样不足,通常被忽视。在这里,我们调查了两个物种,即棒形Trimyema Kahl,1933和Plagiopyla nasuta Stein,1860,分别从中国的海洋和淡水厌氧沉积物中收集。获得了完整的形态学数据集,以及SSU rRNA基因序列数据,并用于诊断该物种。以前从未对棒形三叶草进行过分子测序,其纤毛虫也未知。基于本文提供的这些新数据,纤毛的特征是棒状细胞形状,体内大小为35-45×10-20μm,28-39列纵向体细胞纤毛行形成五条睫状带(四条完整带和一条较短带),两条二动带留在口腔动带1的前端,以及一个肩章。对中国著名纤毛虫P.nasuta种群进行了研究,形态学比较显示了该物种的表型稳定性。系统发育分析支持了先前关于Trimyama科和Plagiopylidae科的单系性的发现,棒形Trimyema在Trimyma属早期分支。中国的P.nasuta种群与另外两个种群聚集在一起,充分支持了它们的同种性。
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引用次数: 1
Ciliates from the intestine of zoo-kept black rhinoceros, with immunofluorescence microscopic and molecular phylogenetic investigation of Rhinozeta rhinozeta (Litostomatea) 动物园饲养黑犀牛肠道纤毛的免疫荧光显微镜观察与分子系统发育研究
IF 2.9 2区 生物学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2023.126006
Olga A. Kornilova , Maria E. Belokon , Maria A. Skazina , Olga S. Alekseeva , Ludmila V. Chistyakova

The study of endobiotic ciliates from the intestines of various zoo mammals is important for revealing the influence of various factors on endobiont communities. In this paper we describe the species diversity of endobiotic ciliates from the faeces of the eastern black rhinoceros Diceros bicornis michaeli (male and two females, mother and daughter) kept in the zoo. Seven species of the ciliates were found, among them Rhinozeta rhinozeta, R. triciliata and Prototapirella clypeata were observed in the rhinos only. The other two, Monoposthium sp. and Triplumaria sp., according to their morphology should have been identified as new ciliate species. Successful transmission of the endobionts from parents to the young rhino in the zoo was demonstrated. R. rhinozeta was investigated with the using of the methods of the light and immunofluorescence microscopy and molecular phylogeny. The composition and phylogeny of the family Cycloposthiidae were discussed.

对动物园哺乳动物肠道内纤毛虫的研究,对于揭示各种因素对肠道内纤毛虫群落的影响具有重要意义。本文对动物园饲养的东部黑犀牛(雄性和两只雌性,母女)粪便中的内源纤毛虫物种多样性进行了研究。共发现7种纤毛虫,其中仅在犀牛中发现有Rhinozeta Rhinozeta、rrs triciliata和Prototapirella clypeata。另外两种,monopothium sp.和Triplumaria sp.,根据其形态应被确定为新纤毛虫种。在动物园中成功地证明了从父母到小犀牛的内源性抗生素的传播。采用光镜、免疫荧光显微镜和分子系统发育的方法,对红毛犀进行了研究。讨论了环棘虫科的组成和系统发育。
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引用次数: 0
Gregarines from darkling beetles of the Atacama Desert, Atacamagregarina paposa gen. et sp. nov. from Scotobius and Xiphocephalus ovatus sp. nov. from Psectrascelis (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) 阿塔卡马沙漠深色甲虫的灰蝶,Scotobius的阿塔卡马灰蝶gen.et sp.nov.和Psectrascelis的卵圆犀(鞘翅目,Tenebrionidae)。
IF 2.9 2区 生物学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2023.126008
Frank Nitsche , Sarah Carduck , Joshua von Ameln , Niclas Mach , Cristina Dorador , Reinhard Predel , Sonja Rueckert , Hartmut Arndt

Gregarine apicomplexans, a group of single celled organisms, inhabit the extracellular spaces of most invertebrate species. The nature of the gregarine-host interactions is not yet fully resolved, mutualistic, commensal and parasitic life forms have been recorded. In the extreme arid environment of the Atacama Desert, only a few groups of invertebrates hosting gregarines such as darkling beetles (Tenebrionidae) were able to adapt, providing an unparalleled opportunity to study co-evolutionary diversification. Here, we describe one novel gregarine genus comprising one species, Atacamagregarina paposa gen. et sp. nov., and a new species, Xiphocephalus ovatus sp. nov. (Apicomplexa: Eugregarinoridea, Stylocephalidae), found in the tenebrionid beetle genera Scotobius (Tenebrioninae, Scotobiini) and Psectrascelis intricaticollis ovata (Pimeliinae, Nycteliini), respectively. In the phylogenetic analysis based on SSU rDNA, Atacamgregarina paposa representing the new genus is basal, forming a separate clade with terrestrial gregarines specific for North American darkling beetles.

顶复合体是一组单细胞生物,栖息在大多数无脊椎动物的细胞外空间。格林-宿主相互作用的性质尚未完全解决,互惠,共生和寄生的生命形式已被记录。在阿塔卡马沙漠极端干旱的环境中,只有少数携带绿虫的无脊椎动物能够适应,比如黑甲虫(拟甲科),这为研究共同进化的多样化提供了一个无与伦比的机会。本文报道了一种新属——Atacamagregarina paposa gen. et sp. nov.和一新种——Xiphocephalus ovatus sp. nov. (apiccomplex a: Eugregarinoridea, Stylocephalidae),分别发现于拟粉甲属Scotobius(拟粉甲科,Scotobiini)和拟粉甲属Psectrascelis intericaticollis ovata(拟粉甲科,Nycteliini)中。在基于SSU rDNA的系统发育分析中,代表新属的Atacamgregarina paposa是基生的,与北美黑甲虫特有的陆生灰甲形成了一个独立的分支。
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引用次数: 0
Novel contributions to the molecular and morphological diversity of freshwater monothalamid foraminifera: Description of six new species 淡水单丘脑有孔虫分子和形态多样性的新贡献:六个新种的描述
IF 2.9 2区 生物学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2023.126014
Ferry Siemensma , Maria Holzmann

Non-marine monothalamous foraminifera are common in freshwater and soil habitats. They comprise a poorly-known group lacking sufficient information about diversity, morphology, reproduction, distribution and ecology. Based on an integrative morphological and molecular approach we describe a new family, a new genus and six new species of freshwater monothalamids from different localities in the Netherlands and France. We establish Astroperula as a new genus of organic walled freshwater foraminifera that contains two species, Astroperula dumacki and Astroperula parvipila. Furthermore, two new agglutinated freshwater monothalamids are described and illustrated, Limnogromia leanneae and Lacogromia pawlowskii, one new organic walled, Velamentofex dujardini, and a new naked monothalamid, Haplomyxa retiforma. Additional information is provided about a special form of cell division in Claparedellus lachmannii and L. leanneae, and feeding behavior in cultures of V. dujardini. Morphological observations are added for an unidentified Limnogromia sampled from the Netherlands and two types of Lacogromia sampled from an alpine region in the French Pyrenees and a karst sinkhole in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The present study provides additional insight into the ecology, diversity and occurrence of freshwater monothalamids and emphasizes the fact that a combination of morphological and molecular methods is necessary to clearly distinguish species in this group.

非海洋单thalamous有孔虫是常见的淡水和土壤生境。它们是一个鲜为人知的群体,缺乏关于多样性、形态、繁殖、分布和生态的足够信息。基于形态学和分子生物学的综合方法,我们描述了来自荷兰和法国不同地区的淡水单thalamids的一个新科、一个新属和六个新种。我们将Astroperula作为淡水有机壁有孔虫的一个新属,它包含两个种:Astroperula dumacki和Astroperula parvipila。此外,还描述和说明了两种新的凝集淡水单thalamid (Limnogromia leanneae和Lacogromia pawlowskii),一种新的有机壁单thalamid (Velamentofex dujardini)和一种新的裸单thalamid (Haplomyxa retiforma)。本文还提供了关于拉赫曼Claparedellus lachmannii和L. leanneae的一种特殊的细胞分裂形式,以及dujardini V.培养物的摄食行为的额外信息。形态学观察增加了来自荷兰的一种未识别的Limnogromia样本,以及来自法国比利牛斯山脉高山地区和波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那喀斯特天坑的两种Lacogromia样本。本研究为淡水单丘脑的生态学、多样性和发生提供了更多的见解,并强调了形态学和分子方法相结合的事实,以明确区分这一群体的物种是必要的。
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引用次数: 1
Genome size and GC content of myxomycetes 黏菌的基因组大小和GC含量
IF 2.9 2区 生物学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2023.125991
Shu Li , Bao Qi , Xueyan Peng , Wei Wang , Wan Wang , Pu Liu , Bao Liu , Zhanwu Peng , Qi Wang , Yu Li

More than 1272 myxomycetes species have been described, accounting for more than half of all Amoebozoa species. However, the genome size of only three myxomycetes species has been reported. Therefore, we used flow cytometry to present an extensive survey and a phylogeny-based analysis of genome size and GC content evolution in 144 myxomycetes species. The genome size of myxomycetes ranged from 18.7 Mb to 470.3 Mb, and the GC content ranged from 38.7% to 70.1%. Bright-spored clade showed larger genome sizes and more intra-order genome size variations than the dark-spored clade. GC content and genome size were positively correlated in both bright-spored and dark-spored clades, and spore size was positively correlated with genome size and GC content in the bright-spored clade. We provided the first genome size data set in Myxomycetes, and our results will provide helpful information for future Myxomycetes studies, such as genome sequencing.

已被描述的黏菌种类超过1272种,占所有变形虫种类的一半以上。然而,仅报道了三种黏菌的基因组大小。因此,我们使用流式细胞术对144种黏菌的基因组大小和GC含量进化进行了广泛的调查和基于系统发育的分析。黏菌基因组大小为18.7 ~ 470.3 Mb, GC含量为38.7% ~ 70.1%。与深色孢子进化支相比,浅色孢子进化支显示出更大的基因组大小和更多的序列内基因组大小变异。在亮芽和暗芽进化枝中,GC含量与基因组大小均呈正相关,而在亮芽进化枝中,孢子大小与基因组大小和GC含量呈正相关。我们提供了黏菌的第一个基因组大小数据集,我们的结果将为未来黏菌的研究提供有用的信息,如基因组测序。
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引用次数: 0
Identification of the heterotrophic nanoflagellate Bilabrum latius in the southern Adriatic (Mediterranean Sea) 南亚得里亚海(地中海)异养型纳米鞭毛虫的鉴定
IF 2.9 2区 生物学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2023.125999
Ana Baricevic, Daniela Maric Pfannkuchen, Mirta Smodlaka Tankovic, Mia Knjaz, Ivan Vlasicek, Lana Grizancic, Tjasa Kogovsek, Martin Pfannkuchen

Heterotrophic flagellates (HF) represent an important protist group in marine ecosystem functioning. Characterised by high taxonomic diversity, identification and classification of HF is often difficult using classical methods of light microscopy (LM). Complementing LM with molecular methods, such as barcoding, enables reliable taxonomic identification of even small size nanoflagellates that share similar or unnoticeable morphological features. The order Bicosoecida is a group of heterotrophic nanoflagellates that are important part of protist plankton and benthic communities of the world oceans. Recently, on the basis of high-resolution light microscopy and barcoding, a new bicosoecid genus, Bilabrum, was described with B. latius sp. as a type species. Our study reports on identification of B. latius from co-culture with the diatom species Chaetoceros affinis isolated from fresh plankton samples collected in the southern Adriatic. This detection of the Adriatic B.latius represents first record of this species outside itś up to now known and described habitat (deep-sea sediment of the South - East Atlantic Ocean) and in diatom co-culture.

异养鞭毛虫是海洋生态系统功能中重要的原生生物类群。氟化氢具有高度的分类多样性,使用传统的光学显微镜(LM)方法鉴定和分类往往很困难。用分子方法(如条形码)对LM进行补充,可以对具有相似或不明显形态特征的小尺寸纳米鞭毛虫进行可靠的分类鉴定。生物鞭毛虫目是一类异养纳米鞭毛虫,是世界海洋原生浮游生物和底栖生物群落的重要组成部分。近年来,基于高分辨率光学显微镜和条形码技术,以B. latius sp.为模式种,描述了一个新的双索类属Bilabrum。本研究报告了在亚得里亚海南部采集的新鲜浮游生物样本中,与硅藻类亲和毛藻(Chaetoceros affinis)共培养中鉴定出的B. latius。亚得里亚海B.latius的发现是迄今为止已知和描述的栖息地(东南大西洋的深海沉积物)和硅藻共培养中该物种的第一次记录。
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引用次数: 0
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European journal of protistology
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