Pub Date : 2026-03-23DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2026.112823
Siyao Xu, Hongfei Zhou
{"title":"Dissecting the shared genetic architecture of ADHD and substance use disorders: Promising leads and persistent challenges.","authors":"Siyao Xu, Hongfei Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2026.112823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2026.112823","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12049,"journal":{"name":"European Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":"109 ","pages":"112823"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147510422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-18DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2026.112818
Nefize Yalin, Ayşegül Yildiz, Spyridon Siafis, Eduard Vieta, Stefan Leucht
Depressive episodes present a treatment challenge in bipolar disorder (BD), and an urgent need exists for novel treatment options. This review sought to revisit the results from a recent network meta-analysis (NMA) that examined treatment options for bipolar depression and to update those findings with a complementary systematic review (PROSPERO-ID: CRD42020171726). The NMA was based on the qualitative synthesis of 145 studies and the quantitative analysis of 101 studies investigating acute depression in adults with bipolar depression from inception to April 2023. A complementary systematic review was conducted using MEDLINE, OVID, EMBASE, PsychINFO, CINAHL, LILACS, Cochrane, Web of Science Core Collaboration, and Google Scholar databases from April 2023 to November 2024 to identify the most recent randomized controlled trials on the treatment of bipolar depression. Studies identified via systematic review were subjected to narrative synthesis and quality assessment was completed using revised Cochrane risk of bias tool. The original NMA showed that olanzapine plus fluoxetine, quetiapine, olanzapine, lurasidone, lumateperone, cariprazine, and lamotrigine were more efficacious than placebo in reducing depressive symptoms in BD with good confidence. Several other drugs might also be efficacious, but confidence in the evidence was very low to low. The complementary systematic review identified 24 clinical trials, seven of which had published results suitable for meta-analysis; the remaining 17 studies were either ongoing or completed with no available results. Collectively, the NMA and systematic review findings can inform evidence-based care and the development of international treatment guidelines for bipolar depression.
抑郁发作是双相情感障碍（BD）的治疗挑战，迫切需要新的治疗方案。本综述试图重新审视最近一项网络荟萃分析（NMA）的结果，该结果研究了双相抑郁症的治疗方案，并通过一项补充的系统综述（PROSPERO-ID: CRD42020171726）更新了这些发现。NMA是基于145项研究的定性综合和101项研究的定量分析，这些研究调查了从成立到2023年4月成人双相抑郁症患者的急性抑郁。从2023年4月至2024年11月，使用MEDLINE、OVID、EMBASE、PsychINFO、CINAHL、LILACS、Cochrane、Web of Science Core Collaboration和谷歌Scholar数据库进行了一项补充性的系统评价，以确定治疗双相抑郁症的最新随机对照试验。通过系统评价确定的研究进行叙事综合，并使用修订后的Cochrane偏倚风险工具完成质量评估。最初的NMA显示，奥氮平联合氟西汀、喹硫平、奥氮平、鲁拉西酮、氟替佩酮、卡吡嗪和拉莫三嗪在减轻双相障碍抑郁症状方面比安慰剂更有效，且信心良好。其他几种药物可能也有效，但对证据的信心非常低。补充系统评价确定了24项临床试验，其中7项已发表的结果适合荟萃分析；其余的17项研究要么正在进行，要么已经完成，没有可用的结果。总的来说，NMA和系统评价结果可以为双相抑郁症的循证护理和国际治疗指南的制定提供信息。
{"title":"Treatment of bipolar depression: results from a comprehensive network meta-analysis and updated systematic review.","authors":"Nefize Yalin, Ayşegül Yildiz, Spyridon Siafis, Eduard Vieta, Stefan Leucht","doi":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2026.112818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2026.112818","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Depressive episodes present a treatment challenge in bipolar disorder (BD), and an urgent need exists for novel treatment options. This review sought to revisit the results from a recent network meta-analysis (NMA) that examined treatment options for bipolar depression and to update those findings with a complementary systematic review (PROSPERO-ID: CRD42020171726). The NMA was based on the qualitative synthesis of 145 studies and the quantitative analysis of 101 studies investigating acute depression in adults with bipolar depression from inception to April 2023. A complementary systematic review was conducted using MEDLINE, OVID, EMBASE, PsychINFO, CINAHL, LILACS, Cochrane, Web of Science Core Collaboration, and Google Scholar databases from April 2023 to November 2024 to identify the most recent randomized controlled trials on the treatment of bipolar depression. Studies identified via systematic review were subjected to narrative synthesis and quality assessment was completed using revised Cochrane risk of bias tool. The original NMA showed that olanzapine plus fluoxetine, quetiapine, olanzapine, lurasidone, lumateperone, cariprazine, and lamotrigine were more efficacious than placebo in reducing depressive symptoms in BD with good confidence. Several other drugs might also be efficacious, but confidence in the evidence was very low to low. The complementary systematic review identified 24 clinical trials, seven of which had published results suitable for meta-analysis; the remaining 17 studies were either ongoing or completed with no available results. Collectively, the NMA and systematic review findings can inform evidence-based care and the development of international treatment guidelines for bipolar depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":12049,"journal":{"name":"European Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":"108 ","pages":"112818"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147485138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-16DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2026.112822
Yuqi Zhang, Jinyan Xue, Jiapeng Leng
{"title":"Commentary on \"Long-term treatment with esketamine nasal spray in patients with treatment resistant depression: Results from the ESCAPE-LTE study\".","authors":"Yuqi Zhang, Jinyan Xue, Jiapeng Leng","doi":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2026.112822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2026.112822","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12049,"journal":{"name":"European Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":"108 ","pages":"112822"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147473143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-27DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.112743
Yang Liu
{"title":"Commentary on the Article “Default mode network integrity across neuropsychiatric disorders and its relation to social dysfunction: A normative modelling approach”","authors":"Yang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.112743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.112743","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12049,"journal":{"name":"European Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 112743"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145838270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.11.017
Carlo Colosimo , Rakesh Jain , Krzysztof Duma , Anna Kurzeja , Celso Arango
Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a medication-induced movement disorder associated with long-term use of dopamine receptor–blocking agents, most frequently antipsychotics. Its clinical presentation comprises involuntary hyperkinetic movements of the face, trunk, and extremities that can severely impair patients’ quality of life. Despite advances in antipsychotic treatment options, TD remains prevalent, with estimates suggesting that in Europe, approximately 22 % of patients treated with antipsychotics (regardless of drug subclass) have TD. Prevalence rates are affected by several factors, including antipsychotic subclass, with higher rates associated with older (first- versus second-generation) antipsychotics. Currently, there is no formal consensus for the optimal diagnosis and management of patients with TD in Europe, meaning that TD may be overlooked, misdiagnosed, and/or undertreated. There is also little knowledge about unmet needs within Europe, due to critical gaps in European research on TD. This narrative review advocates for the establishment of evidence-based standards of care tailored to the needs of European clinicians. It also underscores the necessity for further research to elucidate the impact of TD on patient outcomes and to develop effective management strategies to address the complexities of TD within the European health care landscape.
{"title":"A European perspective on tardive dyskinesia","authors":"Carlo Colosimo , Rakesh Jain , Krzysztof Duma , Anna Kurzeja , Celso Arango","doi":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.11.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.11.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a medication-induced movement disorder associated with long-term use of dopamine receptor–blocking agents, most frequently antipsychotics. Its clinical presentation comprises involuntary hyperkinetic movements of the face, trunk, and extremities that can severely impair patients’ quality of life. Despite advances in antipsychotic treatment options, TD remains prevalent, with estimates suggesting that in Europe, approximately 22 % of patients treated with antipsychotics (regardless of drug subclass) have TD. Prevalence rates are affected by several factors, including antipsychotic subclass, with higher rates associated with older (first- versus second-generation) antipsychotics. Currently, there is no formal consensus for the optimal diagnosis and management of patients with TD in Europe, meaning that TD may be overlooked, misdiagnosed, and/or undertreated. There is also little knowledge about unmet needs within Europe, due to critical gaps in European research on TD. This narrative review advocates for the establishment of evidence-based standards of care tailored to the needs of European clinicians. It also underscores the necessity for further research to elucidate the impact of TD on patient outcomes and to develop effective management strategies to address the complexities of TD within the European health care landscape.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12049,"journal":{"name":"European Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 112740"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-23DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.112747
Jose de Leon
{"title":"Prescribing clozapine to 10% of patients with schizophrenia may save 320,000 lives and cost 2400 deaths from agranulocytosis","authors":"Jose de Leon","doi":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.112747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.112747","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12049,"journal":{"name":"European Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 112747"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145827113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.112748
Adam F. Kemp , Simon Anhøj , Anna Mejldal , Peter N. Schøler , Rikke Wesselhoeft , Maria M. Guala , Christoph U. Correll , Marco Solmi , Angelina I. Mellentin , Mikkel Højlund
Individuals with eating disorders (EDs) hold an increased risk of developing schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSDs). It is however unclear whether this applies to all ED subgroups. We conducted a nationwide register-based cohort study including all individuals diagnosed with EDs in Denmark between 01jan1994 and 31dec2015. We used Cox regression models to compare the risk of SSDs between individuals with and without EDs and how this risk was influenced by risk factors and time since diagnosis of ED. The cohort included 20,045 individuals with EDs and 79,720 without ED (median age [interquartile range]:19 [16–24] years; 93% female). During 1,123,372 person-years of follow-up, 1,335 (6.7%) individuals with EDs were diagnosed with SSDs, compared to 982 (1.2%) individuals without EDs. This reflected a 4-fold higher risk of any SSD among individuals with EDs (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 4.43; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 4.04–4.84). Individuals with anorexia nervosa (aHR 4.56 [3.99–5.22]) and other EDs (aHR 4.99 [4.27–5.83]) had a higher risk of any SSD diagnosis compared to individuals with bulimia nervosa (aHR 3.46 [2.83–4.22]). History of previous psychiatric hospitalisation, substance abuse, alcohol abuse, male sex, and onset of ED <19 years were associated with increased risk of SSDs in individuals with EDs. The risk of any SSD diagnosis decreased over time, but persisted ≥11 years after ED diagnosis (aHR 2.23 [1.71–2.92]). In conclusion, individuals with EDs have a four-fold higher risk of developing SSDs, compared with individuals without EDs. Anorexia nervosa and other EDs entails a higher risk of a subsequent SSD diagnosis compared with bulimia nervosa.
{"title":"Risk of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders among individuals with eating disorders: a nation-wide cohort study","authors":"Adam F. Kemp , Simon Anhøj , Anna Mejldal , Peter N. Schøler , Rikke Wesselhoeft , Maria M. Guala , Christoph U. Correll , Marco Solmi , Angelina I. Mellentin , Mikkel Højlund","doi":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.112748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.112748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Individuals with eating disorders (EDs) hold an increased risk of developing schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSDs). It is however unclear whether this applies to all ED subgroups. We conducted a nationwide register-based cohort study including all individuals diagnosed with EDs in Denmark between 01jan1994 and 31dec2015. We used Cox regression models to compare the risk of SSDs between individuals with and without EDs and how this risk was influenced by risk factors and time since diagnosis of ED. The cohort included 20,045 individuals with EDs and 79,720 without ED (median age [interquartile range]:19 [16–24] years; 93% female). During 1,123,372 person-years of follow-up, 1,335 (6.7%) individuals with EDs were diagnosed with SSDs, compared to 982 (1.2%) individuals without EDs. This reflected a 4-fold higher risk of any SSD among individuals with EDs (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 4.43; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 4.04–4.84). Individuals with anorexia nervosa (aHR 4.56 [3.99–5.22]) and other EDs (aHR 4.99 [4.27–5.83]) had a higher risk of any SSD diagnosis compared to individuals with bulimia nervosa (aHR 3.46 [2.83–4.22]). History of previous psychiatric hospitalisation, substance abuse, alcohol abuse, male sex, and onset of ED <19 years were associated with increased risk of SSDs in individuals with EDs. The risk of any SSD diagnosis decreased over time, but persisted ≥11 years after ED diagnosis (aHR 2.23 [1.71–2.92]). In conclusion, individuals with EDs have a four-fold higher risk of developing SSDs, compared with individuals without EDs. Anorexia nervosa and other EDs entails a higher risk of a subsequent SSD diagnosis compared with bulimia nervosa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12049,"journal":{"name":"European Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 112748"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145932974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-22DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.112745
Christoph U Correll , Brahim K Bookhart , Carmela Benson , Zhiwen Liu , Zhongyun Zhao , Wenze Tang
Antipsychotic nonadherence is related to adverse outcomes in schizophrenia, including relapse and hospitalization; however, its impact on mortality remains unclear. This study evaluated associations between antipsychotic adherence levels and all-cause mortality using longitudinal claims data from the Optum Clinformatics® Data Mart Database. Eligible adults had ≥2 outpatient claims on separate dates or ≥1 inpatient claim with a schizophrenia diagnosis during the 12 months prior to/at index (i.e., antipsychotic initiation/reinitiation date) and no antipsychotic prescriptions or bipolar disorder diagnoses within 12 months pre-index. Medication adherence levels were defined by cumulative proportion of days covered (PDC): high adherence (≥0.8), low/moderate adherence (≥0.2 to <0.8), and nonadherence (<0.2). Adherence and all-cause mortality were evaluated during follow-up. A marginal structural model adjusting for baseline and time-varying confounding factors was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for mortality at different adherence levels. Of 6417 included adults (age=55.3 ± 20.5 years; males=54.0%; White=51.0%), the majority (81.7%) were prescribed second-generation oral antipsychotics at index. Within 6 months of antipsychotic initiation, mean cumulative PDC was 0.59±0.33. During a median follow-up of 17.3 months (interquartile range: 6.2–36.7), compared with high-adherent patients, all-cause mortality hazard was significantly greater in nonadherent (HR=1.80 [95%CI: 1.43–2.27]) and low/moderate-adherent (HR=1.53 [95% CI: 1.25–1.89]) patients. Five-year estimated survival rates were 67%, 71%, and 80% for nonadherent, low/moderate-adherent, and high-adherent patients, respectively. In this study, suboptimal antipsychotic adherence was associated with elevated mortality risk in patients with schizophrenia. Improved adherence may enhance survival and should be reinforced early in the disease course.
{"title":"Association of antipsychotic nonadherence with all-cause mortality in adults with schizophrenia newly treated or reinitiating antipsychotic medication: A retrospective healthcare claims study","authors":"Christoph U Correll , Brahim K Bookhart , Carmela Benson , Zhiwen Liu , Zhongyun Zhao , Wenze Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.112745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.112745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antipsychotic nonadherence is related to adverse outcomes in schizophrenia, including relapse and hospitalization; however, its impact on mortality remains unclear. This study evaluated associations between antipsychotic adherence levels and all-cause mortality using longitudinal claims data from the Optum Clinformatics® Data Mart Database. Eligible adults had ≥2 outpatient claims on separate dates or ≥1 inpatient claim with a schizophrenia diagnosis during the 12 months prior to/at index (i.e., antipsychotic initiation/reinitiation date) and no antipsychotic prescriptions or bipolar disorder diagnoses within 12 months pre-index. Medication adherence levels were defined by cumulative proportion of days covered (PDC): high adherence (≥0.8), low/moderate adherence (≥0.2 to <0.8), and nonadherence (<0.2). Adherence and all-cause mortality were evaluated during follow-up. A marginal structural model adjusting for baseline and time-varying confounding factors was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for mortality at different adherence levels. Of 6417 included adults (age=55.3 ± 20.5 years; males=54.0%; White=51.0%), the majority (81.7%) were prescribed second-generation oral antipsychotics at index. Within 6 months of antipsychotic initiation, mean cumulative PDC was 0.59±0.33. During a median follow-up of 17.3 months (interquartile range: 6.2–36.7), compared with high-adherent patients, all-cause mortality hazard was significantly greater in nonadherent (HR=1.80 [95%CI: 1.43–2.27]) and low/moderate-adherent (HR=1.53 [95% CI: 1.25–1.89]) patients. Five-year estimated survival rates were 67%, 71%, and 80% for nonadherent, low/moderate-adherent, and high-adherent patients, respectively. In this study, suboptimal antipsychotic adherence was associated with elevated mortality risk in patients with schizophrenia. Improved adherence may enhance survival and should be reinforced early in the disease course.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12049,"journal":{"name":"European Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 112745"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145818653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.112741
Agorastos Agorastos , Trevor Thompson , Marco Solmi , Samuele Cortese , Andrés Estradé , Joaquim Radua , Elena Dragioti , Davy Vancampfort , Lau Caspar Thygesen , Harald Aschauer , Monika Schlögelhofer , Elena Aschauer , Andres Schneeberger , Christian G. Huber , Gregor Hasler , Philippe Conus , Kim Q. Do Cuénod , Roland von Känel , Gonzalo Arrondo , Paolo Fusar-Poli , Christoph U Correll
Few multinational studies have assessed risk factors and coping strategies associated with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children’s mental health over time. The Collaborative Outcomes study on Health and Functioning during Infection Times (COH-FIT) is the largest transcontinental, multi-wave, cross-sectional survey collecting multi-nation data on well-being and psychopathology during the pandemic. We analyzed country-specific, general-population-based, representative COH-FIT data of 6067 children aged 6–13 years from 12 countries across repeated cross-sectional waves over a period of >2 years (Apr/2020–May/2022), addressing through current and retrospective assessment pre- to intra-pandemic changes in well-being (WHO-5) and general psychopathology scores (Pc) (0–100) in relation to COVID-related deaths, stringency index, eight a priori risk factors, and 16 coping strategies in different responders at each wave. From pre- to intra-pandemic, WHO-5 scores decreased (−4.59, 95 %CI=−6.18 to −2.99, p < 0.001), while PC-scores increased (+6.68, 95 %CI=4.48–8.88, p < 0.001) significantly, following distinct time patterns but both returning to near pre-pandemic levels. Changes in both scores varied by country. WHO-5 scores correlated strongly with PC and subdomain scores. Both score changes were significantly but minimally associated to COVID-19 deaths/stringency index. The proportion of children screening positive for depression increased from 3.9 % to 8.3 % (χ²=145.70, p < 0.001) and for major depression from 0.6 % to 2.2 % (χ²=68.64, p < 0.001) intrapandemic. WHO-5 and PC-score changes were significantly associated with female gender, school closure, and pre-existing physical and mental conditions, with cumulative effects. The five most frequently endorsed coping strategies were family contact (85.2 %), friends (67.3 %), outdoor play (54.0 %), pet interaction (51.5 %), and internet use (50.9 %). Identified risk groups and coping strategies can inform targeted interventions and global public health policy.
{"title":"Mental health, coping and related risk factors during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic in children: Nationally representative, multi-wave, cross-sectional results from 12 countries from the global COH-FIT study","authors":"Agorastos Agorastos , Trevor Thompson , Marco Solmi , Samuele Cortese , Andrés Estradé , Joaquim Radua , Elena Dragioti , Davy Vancampfort , Lau Caspar Thygesen , Harald Aschauer , Monika Schlögelhofer , Elena Aschauer , Andres Schneeberger , Christian G. Huber , Gregor Hasler , Philippe Conus , Kim Q. Do Cuénod , Roland von Känel , Gonzalo Arrondo , Paolo Fusar-Poli , Christoph U Correll","doi":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.112741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.112741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Few multinational studies have assessed risk factors and coping strategies associated with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children’s mental health over time. The Collaborative Outcomes study on Health and Functioning during Infection Times (COH-FIT) is the largest transcontinental, multi-wave, cross-sectional survey collecting multi-nation data on well-being and psychopathology during the pandemic. We analyzed country-specific, general-population-based, representative COH-FIT data of 6067 children aged 6–13 years from 12 countries across repeated cross-sectional waves over a period of >2 years (Apr/2020–May/2022), addressing through current and retrospective assessment pre- to intra-pandemic changes in well-being (WHO-5) and general psychopathology scores (P<sub>c</sub>) (0–100) in relation to COVID-related deaths, stringency index, eight a priori risk factors, and 16 coping strategies in different responders at each wave. From pre- to intra-pandemic, WHO-5 scores decreased (−4.59, 95 %CI=−6.18 to −2.99, <em>p</em> < 0.001), while PC-scores increased (+6.68, 95 %CI=4.48–8.88, <em>p</em> < 0.001) significantly, following distinct time patterns but both returning to near pre-pandemic levels. Changes in both scores varied by country. WHO-5 scores correlated strongly with P<sub>C</sub> and subdomain scores. Both score changes were significantly but minimally associated to COVID-19 deaths/stringency index. The proportion of children screening positive for depression increased from 3.9 % to 8.3 % (χ²=145.70, <em>p</em> < 0.001) and for major depression from 0.6 % to 2.2 % (χ²=68.64, <em>p</em> < 0.001) intrapandemic. WHO-5 and P<sub>C</sub>-score changes were significantly associated with female gender, school closure, and pre-existing physical and mental conditions, with cumulative effects. The five most frequently endorsed coping strategies were family contact (85.2 %), friends (67.3 %), outdoor play (54.0 %), pet interaction (51.5 %), and internet use (50.9 %). Identified risk groups and coping strategies can inform targeted interventions and global public health policy.</div><div><strong>Trial Registration:</strong> ClinicalTrials.gov; Identifier: NCT04383470</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12049,"journal":{"name":"European Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 112741"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145766092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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