European Neuropsychopharmacology最新文献

{"title":"All-cause and cause-specific mortality in people with mental disorders: a population-based study on risk evaluation, effect modifiers and excess life-years lost in Hong Kong","authors":"Joe Kwun-Nam Chan ,&nbsp;Ryan Cheuk-Yin Li ,&nbsp;Oleguer Plana-Ripoll ,&nbsp;Natalie C. Momen ,&nbsp;Christoph U. Correll ,&nbsp;Marco Solmi ,&nbsp;Corine Sau-Man Wong ,&nbsp;Kam-Ming Ku ,&nbsp;Vanessa Ramesh Mahboobani ,&nbsp;Albert Kar-Kin Chung ,&nbsp;Simon Sai-Yu Lui ,&nbsp;Pak-Chung Sham ,&nbsp;Wing-Chung Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.112742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.112742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mental-disorders (MDs) are associated with premature mortality. Previous studies had limitations including confounding by physical-morbidities and lack of cause-specific mortality evaluation. We aimed to quantify mortality risk and life-expectancy gap across MDs in an Asian population. This retrospective population-based study investigated people with MDs (ascertained by ICD10-codes) in 2006–2021, utilizing comprehensive health-record-database of public-healthcare services in Hong-Kong. Individuals without MDs attending primary-care-clinics during study period served as comparisons. We estimated relative all-cause and cause-specific mortality risk using Cox-proportional hazards-regression models, and calculated excess life-years-lost (LYLs). Effect modification (sex, age, Charlson-comorbidity-index, socioeconomic-status (SES)) on relative risks was evaluated with subgroup-analyses. This analysis included 332,298 people with and 902,927 people without MDs. Any MD was associated with increased all-cause mortality (hazard-ratio (HR): 2.04 [95%Confidence-interval (CI)=2.02–2.07]) and excess LYLs (13.81 years [95%CI=13.60–13.98]). Eating-disorders exhibited the highest all-cause mortality (HR=9.43 [95%CI=6.83–13.02]), followed by developmental-disorders (HR=5.55 [95%CI=4.45–6.92]), personality-disorders (HR=4.50 [95%CI=4.06–4.98]) and substance-use disorders (HR=3.83 [95%CI=3.70–3.96]), with pronounced excess LYLs (14.18–17.41 years). Psychiatric-multimorbidity further increased excess mortality. Suicide was associated with the highest mortality risk (HR=8.69 [95%CI=7.97–9.45]). Natural causes accounted for most deaths (85%; HR range=1.50–2.76), while external causes explained 5% of all deaths (suicide: HR=8.69 [95%CI=7.97–9.45]). Men, younger age and lower SES were associated with increased all-cause and natural-cause mortality, while women and higher SES were linked to elevated external-cause mortality. This study highlighted transdiagnostic nature of premature mortality associated with MDs. Implementation of comprehensive multilevel interventions is warranted to narrow this mortality gap.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12049,"journal":{"name":"European Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 112742"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145793615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between tirzepatide use and risk of mortality, hospitalization, and suicidal behavior in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A one-year retrospective cohort study of 3618 patients","authors":"Ting-Hui Liu ,&nbsp;Chia-Hsuan Hsu ,&nbsp;Jheng-Yan Wu ,&nbsp;Po-Yu Huang ,&nbsp;Chih-Cheng Chang ,&nbsp;Chih-Cheng Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.11.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.11.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to evaluate the real-world effectiveness and psychiatric safety of tirzepatide among adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, focusing on the risks of mortality, hospitalization, and suicidal behavior. Based on the electronic health records from the TriNetX Global Collaborative Network, adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders who initiated tirzepatide on or before June 1, 2024, were included. Tirzepatide users were propensity score–matched 1:1 to nonusers based on demographic and clinical variables. The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause mortality, hospitalization, and suicidal behavior evaluated between 30 and 365 days after the index date. Secondary outcomes included each component separately. Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan–Meier estimators were used to estimate associations. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. Overall, a total of 1809 matched pairs were included. Tirzepatide use was associated with lower risk of the composite outcome (hazard ratio [HR], 0.66; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.55–0.79), as well as all-cause mortality (HR, 0.18; 95 % CI, 0.06–0.51), hospitalization (HR, 0.75; 95 % CI, 0.61–0.92), and suicidal behavior (HR, 0.43; 95 % CI, 0.27–0.70). Risk reduction was generally consistent across subgroups. Control outcome analyses supported internal validity. In conclusion, tirzepatide use in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders is associated with improved clinical outcomes, including reduced risks of mortality, hospitalization, and suicidal behavior. These findings support the integration of tirzepatide into metabolic management strategies for this high-risk population, offering benefits for glycemic control and potentially for psychiatric outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12049,"journal":{"name":"European Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":"103 ","pages":"Article 112739"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145719036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different effect of adverse childhood experiences on white matter microstructure in major depression and bipolar disorder: moderating role of genetic liability","authors":"Marco Paolini ,&nbsp;Laura Raffaelli ,&nbsp;Valentina Bettonagli ,&nbsp;Cristina Lorenzi ,&nbsp;Sara Spadini ,&nbsp;Beatrice Bravi ,&nbsp;Lidia Fortaner-Uyà ,&nbsp;Giulia Gulino ,&nbsp;Chiara Fabbri ,&nbsp;Alessandro Serretti ,&nbsp;Raffaella Zanardi ,&nbsp;Cristina Colombo ,&nbsp;Francesco Benedetti ,&nbsp;Sara Poletti","doi":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.11.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.11.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are risk factors for both major depressive (MDD) and bipolar disorder. ACEs have been associated with white matter (WM) alterations, but whether they have different effects in MDD and BD remains unclear. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) allow for an individual estimation of genetic liabilities for most psychiatric conditions. The aim of the present study was to characterize the effect of ACEs on WM microstructure in MDD and BD, testing a possible differential effect between the two diagnoses and investigating whether genetic liabilities might modulate this relation. 260 depressed inpatients (140 MDD and 120 BD, mean age 49.29 ± 10.60, <em>F</em> = 161) underwent 3T MRI scan and ACEs evaluation. MDD and BD PRS were calculated in a subset of patients. Significant ACEs x diagnosis interactions were found for several DTI metrics. Single group analyses showed widespread detrimental effects of ACEs on WM integrity in BD, and less pronounced effects in MDD. Significant moderating effect of BD PRS in the whole sample and in MDD specifically were found for the relation between ACEs, fractional anisotropy and radial diffusivity, with bipolar-like relations for higher values of BD PRS. The differential effect of ACEs on WM microstructure in the two diagnostic groups points towards putative differential pathophysiological routes through which childhood maltreatment affects the two conditions, while the identification of a BD PRS moderation on the whole sample and in MDD specifically sheds light on the causal relation between ACEs, diagnostic phenotype and DTI metrics, and provides a possible tool to disentangle MDD heterogeneity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12049,"journal":{"name":"European Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":"103 ","pages":"Article 112734"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145750305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are cell type-specific methylation profiles the missing link in ADHD epigenetics?","authors":"Guilherme Lima Ferreira Neves,&nbsp;Guilherme Nobre Nogueira","doi":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.11.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.11.013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12049,"journal":{"name":"European Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":"103 ","pages":"Article 112736"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145755408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of xanomeline and xanomeline trospium in the treatment of cognitive impairment: A systematic review of preclinical and clinical trials","authors":"Kyle Valentino ,&nbsp;Bianca Shen ,&nbsp;Bethany Waisman ,&nbsp;Gia Han Le ,&nbsp;Hana Ballum ,&nbsp;William Cheung ,&nbsp;Roger S. McIntyre","doi":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.11.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.11.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high prevalence, persistence and clinical burden of cognitive impairment on health outcomes in persons with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder invites the need for innovative, mechanistically informed pharmacotherapeutic interventions. Evidence implicates dysregulation of muscarinic signalling as a mediator of cognitive dysfunction, identifying it as a potential therapeutic target. In accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was performed using the following electronic databases: PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, PsycInfo, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. Databases were searched from inception to May 1, 2025. Study screening and selection was performed by three reviewers (K.V., B.S., and B.W.). Included studies reported on the effects of xanomeline and/or xanomeline trospium on cognitive function. A total of 24 studies were included in this review. Preclinical and clinical studies consistently demonstrate that xanomeline trospium is well tolerated in both short and long-term evaluations. Furthermore, xanomeline trospium has been associated with cognitive improvements in both animal models and clinical populations (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease (AD), schizophrenia), including improvements in verbal learning, delayed memory, and reaction time. Xanomeline trospium, an FDA approved muscarinic M1/M4 partial agonist with demonstrated safety, tolerability, and efficacy, represents a novel pharmacological intervention for the treatment of schizophrenia. The convergence of preclinical and clinical findings supports the hypothesis that xanomeline trospium exerts direct pro cognitive effects in persons with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and potentially other neuropsychiatric conditions (e.g., AD). Limitations of the current study include limited indications investigated and the absence of a comprehensive analysis of xanomeline’s overall neurobiologic effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12049,"journal":{"name":"European Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":"103 ","pages":"Article 112735"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145793649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From first-episode psychosis to the future: Insights and challenges","authors":"Ana Catalán ,&nbsp;Paolo Fusar-Poli","doi":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.11.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12049,"journal":{"name":"European Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":"103 ","pages":"Article 112731"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145833643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sodium benzoate treatment linked to increased glutathione levels and improved positive and negative symptoms, global function, and quality of life in patients with clozapine-resistant schizophrenia: secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial","authors":"Chieh-Hsin Lin ,&nbsp;Hsien-Yuan Lane","doi":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.11.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.11.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxidative stress is implicated in schizophrenia. Glutathione (GSH), a crucial endogenous antioxidant, is usually reduced in individuals with schizophrenia. GSH and its precursor, N-acetyl cysteine, have demonstrated potential as adjunctive treatment for schizophrenia; however, their effectiveness appears inconsistent, possibly because of their limited ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Administration of sodium benzoate, capable of crossing BBB, enhanced GSH capacity and antipsychotic-like activity in animals. Further, adjunctive benzoate therapy improved clinical and functional outcomes in patients with schizophrenia, including clozapine-resistant schizophrenia (CRS). Whether sodium benzoate can also boost GSH to exert its therapeutic efficacy for schizophrenia deserves elucidation. This secondary analysis used data from a double-blind trial, in which 60 patients with CRS were randomized to receive addon treatment of sodium benzoate (n = 40) or placebo (n = 20) for 6 weeks. Clinical and functional assessments were conducted bi-weekly. Plasma levels of GSH were assayed at baseline and endpoint. As a result, six-week treatment of sodium benzoate was linked to increased GSH levels than placebo. Among the 40 benzoate receivers, the changes in GSH levels were correlated with the improvements in positive symptoms, negative symptoms, quality of life, and global function. In comparison, among placebo recipients, GSH changes were not associated with any changes in clinical or functional variables. The findings suggest that benzoate treatment may be related with elevation in GSH levels in CRS patients and improvement in functional outcomes as well as positive and negative symptoms. Longer-term studies in other populations are necessary in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12049,"journal":{"name":"European Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":"103 ","pages":"Article 112733"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145767508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ayahuasca modulation of traumatic-like fear memories requires infralimbic cortex BDNF-dependent mechanisms in rats","authors":"Isabel Werle ,&nbsp;Francisco S. Guimarães ,&nbsp;Rafael G. dos Santos ,&nbsp;Jaime E.C. Hallak ,&nbsp;Leandro J. Bertoglio","doi":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.11.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.11.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rodent studies have shown that psychedelic drugs can enhance fear extinction. However, investigations to date have relied on normative aversive conditioning procedures, which limit their relevance to trauma-related memories, as these tend to be overgeneralized and resistant to extinction. Fear extinction depends on activity and plasticity within the infralimbic (IL) region of the medial prefrontal cortex and is regulated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Ayahuasca (AYA), a brew containing the serotonergic psychedelic <em>N,N</em>-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), facilitates fear extinction in rodents and increases BDNF levels/signaling. Here, we investigated whether AYA attenuates extinction deficits and generalized fear induced by preconditioning restraint stress or high-intensity contextual fear conditioning, and whether these effects depend on BDNF-TrkB receptor signaling in the IL cortex. Adult male and female rats underwent the protocols above and received oral AYA one hour before each of the two extinction sessions conducted on consecutive days. Repeated administration of AYA containing 0.3 mg/kg of DMT enhanced extinction learning and its retention, effects that were abolished by bilateral intra-IL cortex infusion of an anti-BDNF antibody or the TrkB receptor antagonist ANA-12. AYA treatment also reduced fear generalization, an action that was BDNF-dependent in the IL cortex of females but not males. Overall, these findings indicate that AYA can modulate maladaptive fear memories through cortical mechanisms involving BDNF signaling, highlighting the potential of psychedelics as enhancers for extinguishing difficult-to-treat memories like those underlying post-traumatic stress disorder.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12049,"journal":{"name":"European Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":"103 ","pages":"Article 112732"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145780511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic functional network connectivity impairment in bipolar disorder and its relationship with global functioning","authors":"Daniele Olivo ,&nbsp;Alessandro Miola ,&nbsp;Francesco Folena Comini ,&nbsp;Nicolò Trevisan ,&nbsp;Giovanni Librizzi ,&nbsp;Tommaso Toffanin ,&nbsp;Renzo Manara ,&nbsp;Fabio Sambataro","doi":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.11.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.11.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Abnormal functional connectivity (FC) has been consistently associated with bipolar disorders (BD). Classical FC analyses assume stationarity of brain interactions, although connectivity actually varies over time. Here, we examined alterations in dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) in BD, their associations with symptom severity and global functioning, and potential differences between bipolar disorder type I (BD1) and type II (BD2).</div><div>In this case-control study, we investigated dFNC in 57 patients with BD (29 BD1, 28 BD2) and 43 healthy controls (HCs). Most patients were euthymic at scanning (∼86 %), with only a minority showing residual depressive or hypomanic/mixed symptoms. Resting-state fMRI data were decomposed with spatially constrained independent component analysis and analyzed using a sliding-window approach. Meta-state metrics—number of meta-states, transitions, total distance, and span—were derived and compared across groups. Correlations with clinical measures and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores were tested. Dynamic metrics (number of meta-states, state transitions, and total distance) were reduced in BD relative to HCs, with the greatest reduction in BD1, followed by BD2. State span did not differ between groups. Across the BD sample, higher GAF scores were positively associated with greater dynamic fluidity, whereas no significant associations emerged with standard symptom scales.</div><div>In conclusion, BD is characterized by a graded disruption of the spatio-temporal dynamics of large-scale brain networks, most pronounced in BD1. Reduced neural flexibility is linked to poorer global functioning, suggesting that dFNC meta-state metrics may provide clinically relevant markers of illness burden in bipolar disorder.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12049,"journal":{"name":"European Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":"103 ","pages":"Article 112738"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145750304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns, predictors and outcomes of trajectories for subjective quality of life in patients with early psychosis: 12-year follow-up of the randomized controlled trial on extended early intervention","authors":"Ryan Sai Ting Chu ,&nbsp;Crystal Nok Yiu Yau ,&nbsp;Chris Chit Sze Fung ,&nbsp;Vivian Shi Cheng Fung ,&nbsp;Janet Hiu Ching Lei ,&nbsp;Gabbie Hou Sem Wong ,&nbsp;Sherry Kit Wa Chan ,&nbsp;Edwin Ho-Ming Lee ,&nbsp;Christy Lai-Ming Hui ,&nbsp;Eric Yu-Hai Chen ,&nbsp;Wing-Chung Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Evidence has underscored clinical significance of subjective quality of life (SQoL) as a key therapeutic goal for early psychosis. However, the patterns, predictors and outcomes of SQoL trajectories over long-term follow-up in early psychosis have not been explored. We conducted a 12-year follow-up of the randomized-controlled-trial on extended early intervention for first-episode psychosis with an aim to identify distinct trajectories of the SQoL, their baseline predictors and relationships with 12-year outcomes. Premorbid adjustment, illness characteristics, symptom severity, functioning, and treatment profiles were assessed. Latent growth mixture modeling was employed to derive SQoL trajectories based on 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) mental-health component summary scores over 12-year follow-up. Participants who completed SF-36 at three or more time points, including baseline, and 1-, 2-, 3- and 12-year follow-up, were included in the analysis, resulting in 144 patients. Our results identified three distinct trajectories, including high-stable class (36.8 %, <em>n</em> = 53), moderate-improving class (40.3 %, <em>n</em> = 58) and low-stable class (22.9 %, <em>n</em> = 33). Patients in high-stable class had less severe depressive symptoms at baseline than those in moderate-improving class, and less severe positive, negative and depressive symptoms at baseline compared to patients in low-stable class. Additionally, patients with high-stable trajectory exhibited higher rate of personal recovery and lower depressive symptom severity at 12-year follow-up relative to patients with low-stable trajectory. In conclusion, approximately one-fourths of patients displayed consistently poor SQoL over 12 years. Depressive symptoms represent a major determinant of SQoL trajectories, indicating the need to optimize treatment for depression in early psychosis to enhance SQoL outcome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12049,"journal":{"name":"European Neuropsychopharmacology","volume":"102 ","pages":"Pages 3-11"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}