Pub Date : 2019-11-14DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1693633
Higinio González-García, G. Martinent
Abstract The aims of this study were to examine: (a) whether coach leadership behaviours predict athletes’ use of coping and (b) whether coping predicts athletes’ emotional outcomes in competition. A sample of 180 table tennis players (M age = 33.87; SD = 16.64; 149 men and 31 women) voluntarily participated in the study. A partial least square path modelling (PLS-PM) approach was used to examine the relationships between the study variable. The results showed that: (a) coach democratic behaviour was significantly related to task-oriented coping; (b) task-oriented coping was significantly related to excitement and happiness; (c) distraction-oriented coping was significantly related to anxiety, dejection and anger. As a whole, PLS-PM results suggested that coach democratic behaviour could be the better style in relationship with positive coping and emotion outcomes in table tennis players.
{"title":"Relationships between perceived coach leadership, athletes’ use of coping and emotions among competitive table tennis players","authors":"Higinio González-García, G. Martinent","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2019.1693633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1693633","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aims of this study were to examine: (a) whether coach leadership behaviours predict athletes’ use of coping and (b) whether coping predicts athletes’ emotional outcomes in competition. A sample of 180 table tennis players (M age = 33.87; SD = 16.64; 149 men and 31 women) voluntarily participated in the study. A partial least square path modelling (PLS-PM) approach was used to examine the relationships between the study variable. The results showed that: (a) coach democratic behaviour was significantly related to task-oriented coping; (b) task-oriented coping was significantly related to excitement and happiness; (c) distraction-oriented coping was significantly related to anxiety, dejection and anger. As a whole, PLS-PM results suggested that coach democratic behaviour could be the better style in relationship with positive coping and emotion outcomes in table tennis players.","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"1113 - 1123"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91172562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-14DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1694079
A. Nicholls, D. Madigan, L. Duncan, L. Hallward, L. Lazuras, K. Bingham, Lucas R W Fairs
ABSTRACT We examined the relationships between the Dark Triad personality traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy), attitudes towards doping, and cheating behaviour among athletes. One-hundred and sixty-four athletes completed a completed a matrix solving task within a specific time limit. Participants were told they would receive a financial reward for the total number matrices they could solve, but only 13 of the 20 matrices were solvable. This provided the incentive and opportunity for the athletes to cheat. Following this, athletes completed two questionnaires, which assessed the Dark Triad and their attitudes towards doping. All three Dark Triad personality traits correlated positively with attitudes towards doping and cheating behaviour. Regression analyses revealed that psychopathy and narcissism positively predicted attitudes towards doping, and narcissism emerged as a positive predictor of cheating behaviour. Attitudes towards doping correlated positively with cheating behaviour. The Dark Triad appears to be important in relation to both attitudes towards doping and cheating behaviour among athletes. In addition, our findings illustrate that favourable attitudes towards doping are linked with actual cheating among athletes. National Anti-Doping Organizations, sports federations, and coaches could assess athletes’ Dark Triad scores and attitudes towards doping in order to identify who may be more likely to cheat.
{"title":"Cheater, cheater, pumpkin eater: the Dark Triad, attitudes towards doping, and cheating behaviour among athletes","authors":"A. Nicholls, D. Madigan, L. Duncan, L. Hallward, L. Lazuras, K. Bingham, Lucas R W Fairs","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2019.1694079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1694079","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We examined the relationships between the Dark Triad personality traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy), attitudes towards doping, and cheating behaviour among athletes. One-hundred and sixty-four athletes completed a completed a matrix solving task within a specific time limit. Participants were told they would receive a financial reward for the total number matrices they could solve, but only 13 of the 20 matrices were solvable. This provided the incentive and opportunity for the athletes to cheat. Following this, athletes completed two questionnaires, which assessed the Dark Triad and their attitudes towards doping. All three Dark Triad personality traits correlated positively with attitudes towards doping and cheating behaviour. Regression analyses revealed that psychopathy and narcissism positively predicted attitudes towards doping, and narcissism emerged as a positive predictor of cheating behaviour. Attitudes towards doping correlated positively with cheating behaviour. The Dark Triad appears to be important in relation to both attitudes towards doping and cheating behaviour among athletes. In addition, our findings illustrate that favourable attitudes towards doping are linked with actual cheating among athletes. National Anti-Doping Organizations, sports federations, and coaches could assess athletes’ Dark Triad scores and attitudes towards doping in order to identify who may be more likely to cheat.","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":"17 1","pages":"1124 - 1130"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73036175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-14DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1694078
M. Duncan, A. Rowlands, Chelsey Lawson, S. L. Wright, M. Hill, M. Morris, E. Eyre, J. Tallis
Abstract This study aimed to determine the optimal accelerometer wear-site specific cut-points for discrimination of the sedentary time, light physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in older adults. Twenty-three adults (14 females) aged 55–77 years wore a GENEActiv accelerometer on their non-dominant wrist, dominant wrist, waist and dominant ankle whilst undertaking eight, five-minute bouts of activity: lay supine, seated reading, slow walking, medium walking, fast walking, folding laundry, sweeping and stationary cycling. VO2 was assessed concurrently using indirect calorimetry. Receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) analyses were used to derive wear-site specific cut-points for classifying intensity. Indirect calorimetry indicated that being lay supine and seated reading were classified as sedentary (<1.5 METs), laundry as light (1.51–2.99 METs) and sweeping, slow, medium and fast walking and cycling all classified as moderate intensity (>3 METs). Areas under ROC curves indicated that the classification of sedentary activity was good for the non-dominant wrist and excellent for all other wear sites. Classification of MVPA was excellent for the waist and ankle, good for the waist and poor for the dominant and non-dominant wrists. Overall, the ankle location performed better than in other locations. Ankle-worn accelerometry appears to provide the most suitable wear-site to discriminate between sedentary time and MVPA in older adults.
{"title":"Using accelerometry to classify physical activity intensity in older adults: What is the optimal wear-site?","authors":"M. Duncan, A. Rowlands, Chelsey Lawson, S. L. Wright, M. Hill, M. Morris, E. Eyre, J. Tallis","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2019.1694078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1694078","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 This study aimed to determine the optimal accelerometer wear-site specific cut-points for discrimination of the sedentary time, light physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in older adults. Twenty-three adults (14 females) aged 55–77 years wore a GENEActiv accelerometer on their non-dominant wrist, dominant wrist, waist and dominant ankle whilst undertaking eight, five-minute bouts of activity: lay supine, seated reading, slow walking, medium walking, fast walking, folding laundry, sweeping and stationary cycling. VO2 was assessed concurrently using indirect calorimetry. Receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) analyses were used to derive wear-site specific cut-points for classifying intensity. Indirect calorimetry indicated that being lay supine and seated reading were classified as sedentary (<1.5 METs), laundry as light (1.51–2.99 METs) and sweeping, slow, medium and fast walking and cycling all classified as moderate intensity (>3 METs). Areas under ROC curves indicated that the classification of sedentary activity was good for the non-dominant wrist and excellent for all other wear sites. Classification of MVPA was excellent for the waist and ankle, good for the waist and poor for the dominant and non-dominant wrists. Overall, the ankle location performed better than in other locations. Ankle-worn accelerometry appears to provide the most suitable wear-site to discriminate between sedentary time and MVPA in older adults.","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":"2008 1","pages":"1131 - 1139"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78657526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-13DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1689300
R. Vatovec, Ž. Kozinc, N. Šarabon
Abstract The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the effectiveness of exercise-based interventions for prevention of hamstring injuries in sport. PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, ResearchGate, CINAHL, PEDro, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases were searched for randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies exploring the effects of exercise interventions on hamstring injury incidence. Subgroup analyses were performed to determine effects of several independent variables related to the interventions. Altogether, 17 studies were included. Exercise interventions decreased hamstring injury risk (RR = 0.49; 95%CI = 0.40–0.59; p < 0.001). There were similar effects found for interventions performed ≤2 times per week (RR = 0.35; 95%CI = 0.15–0.82) and the interventions performed >2 times per week (RR = 0.44; 95%CI = 0.31–0.61). Similarly, there were similar effects found for the interventions with progressive increase in load (RR = 0.53; 95%CI = 0.37–0.74) and the interventions with constant loads (RR = 0.46; 95%CI = 0.36–0.58). Other subgroup analyses (intervention supervision, sport type, inclusion of Nordic hamstring exercise and type of the trial) also showed no indications on specific characteristics of the interventions, that increase the preventive effects. Our findings showed that hamstring injury incidence can be decreased with exercise-based interventions, and that weekly frequency and load progression are not among the most important variables to consider in prevention programmes design.
本荟萃分析的目的是评估以运动为基础的干预措施对预防运动中腘绳肌损伤的有效性。我们检索了PubMed、Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials、Web of Science、ResearchGate、CINAHL、PEDro、ScienceDirect和Google Scholar数据库，以寻找探索运动干预对腿筋损伤发生率影响的随机对照试验和前瞻性队列研究。进行亚组分析以确定与干预措施相关的几个独立变量的影响。总共纳入了17项研究。运动干预降低腘绳肌损伤风险(RR = 0.49;95%ci = 0.40-0.59;p 2次/周(RR = 0.44;95%ci = 0.31-0.61)。同样，负荷渐进式增加的干预也有类似的效果(RR = 0.53;95%CI = 0.37-0.74)和恒定负荷干预(RR = 0.46;95%ci = 0.36-0.58)。其他亚组分析(干预监督、运动类型、北欧腘绳肌运动和试验类型)也没有显示出干预措施的特定特征增加预防效果的迹象。我们的研究结果表明，以运动为基础的干预措施可以降低腿筋损伤的发生率，并且每周的频率和负荷进展并不是预防方案设计中要考虑的最重要的变量。
{"title":"Exercise interventions to prevent hamstring injuries in athletes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"R. Vatovec, Ž. Kozinc, N. Šarabon","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2019.1689300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1689300","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the effectiveness of exercise-based interventions for prevention of hamstring injuries in sport. PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, ResearchGate, CINAHL, PEDro, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases were searched for randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies exploring the effects of exercise interventions on hamstring injury incidence. Subgroup analyses were performed to determine effects of several independent variables related to the interventions. Altogether, 17 studies were included. Exercise interventions decreased hamstring injury risk (RR = 0.49; 95%CI = 0.40–0.59; p < 0.001). There were similar effects found for interventions performed ≤2 times per week (RR = 0.35; 95%CI = 0.15–0.82) and the interventions performed >2 times per week (RR = 0.44; 95%CI = 0.31–0.61). Similarly, there were similar effects found for the interventions with progressive increase in load (RR = 0.53; 95%CI = 0.37–0.74) and the interventions with constant loads (RR = 0.46; 95%CI = 0.36–0.58). Other subgroup analyses (intervention supervision, sport type, inclusion of Nordic hamstring exercise and type of the trial) also showed no indications on specific characteristics of the interventions, that increase the preventive effects. Our findings showed that hamstring injury incidence can be decreased with exercise-based interventions, and that weekly frequency and load progression are not among the most important variables to consider in prevention programmes design.","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"992 - 1004"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89763963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-08DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1691270
B. Feriche, B. Schoenfeld, Juan Bonitch-Góngora, Blanca de la Fuente, Filipa Almeida, J. Argüelles, Cristina Benavente, P. Padial
Abstract This study examined the acute effects of exposure to moderate altitude on factors associated with muscular adaptations following whole-body hypertrophy-oriented resistance training (R T) sessions. Thirteen resistance-trained males completed both counterbalanced standard hypertrophic R T sessions (3 sets × 10RM, 2 min rest) at moderate-altitude (H; 2320 m asl) and under normoxic conditions (N; <700 m asl). Participants rested 72 h between training sessions. Before and after the exercise session, blood samples were obtained for determination of metabolites and ions (lactate, inorganic phosphate, liquid carbon dioxide and calcium) and hormones (testosterone and growth hormone). Session-related performance and perception of effort (s-RPE) were also monitored. Results showed no meaningful differences in performance or s-RPE (8.5 ± 1.4 vs 8.6 ± 0.8 respectively for N and H; p = 0.603). All blood variables displayed statistically significant changes throughout the recovery period compared to basal levels (p < 0.05), except for the testosterone. However, no altitude effect was observed in maximal blood lactate, calcium or anabolic hormones (p > 0.05). The reduction observed in the liquid carbon dioxide concentration in H (21.11 ± 1.46 vs 16.19 ± 1.61 mmol·l−1) seems compatible with an increase in buffering capacity. Compared to N, inorganic phosphate displayed lower recovery values after the R T in H (2.89 ± 0.64 vs 2.23 ± 0.60 mg dl−1; p = 0.007). The results of this study do not support an accentuated effect of acute moderate terrestrial hypoxia on metabolic and hormonal factors linked to muscle growth during hypertrophic resistance training.
摘要:本研究探讨了暴露于中等海拔对全身肥厚定向阻力训练(rt)后肌肉适应相关因素的急性影响。13名接受阻力训练的男性在中等海拔完成了两组平衡的标准增生性R - T(3组× 10RM，休息2分钟)。2320 m asl)和常压条件下(N;0.05)。在H下观察到的液体二氧化碳浓度的降低(21.11±1.46 vs 16.19±1.61 mmol·l−1)似乎与缓冲能力的增加相一致。与N相比，无机磷酸盐在H中经R T后的回收率较低(2.89±0.64 vs 2.23±0.60 mg dl−1);p = 0.007)。本研究的结果不支持急性中度陆地缺氧对增生性抗阻训练中与肌肉生长相关的代谢和激素因素的强化作用。
{"title":"Altitude-induced effects on muscular metabolic stress and hypertrophy-related factors after a resistance training session","authors":"B. Feriche, B. Schoenfeld, Juan Bonitch-Góngora, Blanca de la Fuente, Filipa Almeida, J. Argüelles, Cristina Benavente, P. Padial","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2019.1691270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1691270","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study examined the acute effects of exposure to moderate altitude on factors associated with muscular adaptations following whole-body hypertrophy-oriented resistance training (R T) sessions. Thirteen resistance-trained males completed both counterbalanced standard hypertrophic R T sessions (3 sets × 10RM, 2 min rest) at moderate-altitude (H; 2320 m asl) and under normoxic conditions (N; <700 m asl). Participants rested 72 h between training sessions. Before and after the exercise session, blood samples were obtained for determination of metabolites and ions (lactate, inorganic phosphate, liquid carbon dioxide and calcium) and hormones (testosterone and growth hormone). Session-related performance and perception of effort (s-RPE) were also monitored. Results showed no meaningful differences in performance or s-RPE (8.5 ± 1.4 vs 8.6 ± 0.8 respectively for N and H; p = 0.603). All blood variables displayed statistically significant changes throughout the recovery period compared to basal levels (p < 0.05), except for the testosterone. However, no altitude effect was observed in maximal blood lactate, calcium or anabolic hormones (p > 0.05). The reduction observed in the liquid carbon dioxide concentration in H (21.11 ± 1.46 vs 16.19 ± 1.61 mmol·l−1) seems compatible with an increase in buffering capacity. Compared to N, inorganic phosphate displayed lower recovery values after the R T in H (2.89 ± 0.64 vs 2.23 ± 0.60 mg dl−1; p = 0.007). The results of this study do not support an accentuated effect of acute moderate terrestrial hypoxia on metabolic and hormonal factors linked to muscle growth during hypertrophic resistance training.","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":"104 1","pages":"1083 - 1092"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73484541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-08DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1691269
R. Crowther, A. Gorman, W. Spratford, M. Sayers, A. Kountouris
Abstract In the sport of cricket, the pitch is an organic surface that represents an important environmental constraint. While the soil properties of the pitch are known to influence the pace and bounce of medium and fast deliveries, it is unknown how the soil constructs or the seam of the cricket ball affect the pace, bounce, and deviation of a spinning delivery. A specialised spin bowling machine was used to deliver 276 (139 wrist spin, 137 finger spin) spinning deliveries onto two cricket pitches with contrasting soil properties. The pitches included a bespoke international pitch (BIP; higher sand content at 43.28%) and a common Australian pitch (CAP; lower sand content at 7.44%). Results indicated that the BIP showed significantly slower reflection pace and larger deviation, compared to the CAP. Irrespective of the pitch type, when the seam of the ball impacted the pitch, there was a significantly slower reflection pace and larger deviation. The reflection properties of the BIP resembled that of a “spinning pitch” which can be used as a form of representative practice for conditions similar to those that may be experienced in India. The impact of the seam on the pitch surface significantly altered the reflection of the ball and should be considered in future cricket research.
{"title":"Examining environmental constraints in sport: Spin characteristics of two cricket pitches with contrasting soil properties","authors":"R. Crowther, A. Gorman, W. Spratford, M. Sayers, A. Kountouris","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2019.1691269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1691269","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the sport of cricket, the pitch is an organic surface that represents an important environmental constraint. While the soil properties of the pitch are known to influence the pace and bounce of medium and fast deliveries, it is unknown how the soil constructs or the seam of the cricket ball affect the pace, bounce, and deviation of a spinning delivery. A specialised spin bowling machine was used to deliver 276 (139 wrist spin, 137 finger spin) spinning deliveries onto two cricket pitches with contrasting soil properties. The pitches included a bespoke international pitch (BIP; higher sand content at 43.28%) and a common Australian pitch (CAP; lower sand content at 7.44%). Results indicated that the BIP showed significantly slower reflection pace and larger deviation, compared to the CAP. Irrespective of the pitch type, when the seam of the ball impacted the pitch, there was a significantly slower reflection pace and larger deviation. The reflection properties of the BIP resembled that of a “spinning pitch” which can be used as a form of representative practice for conditions similar to those that may be experienced in India. The impact of the seam on the pitch surface significantly altered the reflection of the ball and should be considered in future cricket research.","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"1005 - 1012"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83889526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-08DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1691271
V. Cabanas‐Sánchez, I. Esteban‐Cornejo, R. Izquierdo-Gómez, C. Padilla-Moledo, J. Castro‐Piñero, Ó. Veiga
Abstract Objective: The aims of the present study were to analyze the associations between the socio-demographic and familiar circumstances with: (i) the total leisure-time sedentary behavior (SB) assessed by accelerometry, and (ii) the domain-specific leisure-time SB (i.e., screen-based, educational-based, social-based, and other-based SB), in a sample of Spanish youth. Method: The sample consisted of 1,543 youth (12.02 ± 2.51 years) included in the UP&DOWN study. SB was evaluated by accelerometry and questionnaire. Nationality, location of school, type of school, socio-economic status, parental educational level, parental occupation status, family structure, number of siblings and position among siblings were self-reported by participants or their parents. Linear mixed models, including school and city as random effects, were performed. Results: Several associations were found; however, socio-demographic and family circumstances differently associated with SB according to the domain-specific SB, the sex and the type of day. For example, participants with a father holding a high-skilled occupation spent lower time in screen-based SB during weekdays; and mother occupation status of high qualification was related to higher educational-based SB in boys. Having three or more sibling was associated with lower total SB in boys, while having an obese mother was related to higher screen-based SB on weekends both in boys and girls. Conclusions: Socio-demographic and familiar circumstances are associated with SB in young people, so future interventions should consider multiple and sex-specific factors for reduce SB of young people, focusing especially on youth with a low number of siblings and with parents holding low-skilled employments.
{"title":"How socio-demographic and familiar circumstances are associated with total and domain-specific sedentary behaviour in youth? The UP&DOWN study","authors":"V. Cabanas‐Sánchez, I. Esteban‐Cornejo, R. Izquierdo-Gómez, C. Padilla-Moledo, J. Castro‐Piñero, Ó. Veiga","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2019.1691271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1691271","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: The aims of the present study were to analyze the associations between the socio-demographic and familiar circumstances with: (i) the total leisure-time sedentary behavior (SB) assessed by accelerometry, and (ii) the domain-specific leisure-time SB (i.e., screen-based, educational-based, social-based, and other-based SB), in a sample of Spanish youth. Method: The sample consisted of 1,543 youth (12.02 ± 2.51 years) included in the UP&DOWN study. SB was evaluated by accelerometry and questionnaire. Nationality, location of school, type of school, socio-economic status, parental educational level, parental occupation status, family structure, number of siblings and position among siblings were self-reported by participants or their parents. Linear mixed models, including school and city as random effects, were performed. Results: Several associations were found; however, socio-demographic and family circumstances differently associated with SB according to the domain-specific SB, the sex and the type of day. For example, participants with a father holding a high-skilled occupation spent lower time in screen-based SB during weekdays; and mother occupation status of high qualification was related to higher educational-based SB in boys. Having three or more sibling was associated with lower total SB in boys, while having an obese mother was related to higher screen-based SB on weekends both in boys and girls. Conclusions: Socio-demographic and familiar circumstances are associated with SB in young people, so future interventions should consider multiple and sex-specific factors for reduce SB of young people, focusing especially on youth with a low number of siblings and with parents holding low-skilled employments.","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"1102 - 1112"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89510060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-30DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1678671
G. Ferrari, I. Kovalskys, M. Fisberg, G. Gómez, A. Rigotti, L. C. Sanabria, Martha Cecilia Yépez García, Rossina Gabriella Pareja Torres, M. Herrera-Cuenca, I. Zimberg, V. Guajardo, M. Pratt, C. Cristi-Montero, F. Rodríguez-Rodríguez, S. Scholes, C. Celis-Morales, J. Chaput, D. Solé
ABSTRACT Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviours (SB) are two independent risk factors for non-communicable diseases. However, there is a lack of objectively measured information on PA and SB in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to use objective data to characterise socio-demographic patterns of PA and SB in eight Latin American countries. 2732 participants (aged 15–65 years) from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS) were included. PA and SB data were collected using accelerometers. Overall and country-specific average levels of time spent in PA and SB were compared by sex, age, socioeconomic and education level. Overall, the mean time spent in SB was 571.6 min/day, ranging from 553.8 min/day in Chile to 596.7 min/day in Peru. Average levels of light, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and total PA were 311.1 min/day (95% CI: 307.7; 314.5), 34.9 min/day (95% CI: 34.0; 35.9) and 7531.2 MET-min/week (95% CI: 7450.4; 7611.9), respectively. MVPA and total PA were higher in men than women. The prevalence of physical inactivity was 40.6%, ranging from 26.9% (Chile) to 47% (Costa Rica and Venezuela). Women were more physically inactive than men (47.7% versus 33.0%). SB levels were highest among those with higher education; PA graded positively with socioeconomic level. Our findings can inform the planning of health policies and programmes designed to reduce levels of physical inactivity, as well as inform the local and cultural adaptation of these policies and programmes for implementation in Latin America. Highlights Worldwide studies of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviours (SB) have historically under-represented Latin American countries due to the lack of surveillance data. Across eight Latin American countries, the ELANS study collected data on PA and SB using an objective method (accelerometers) which we have analysed to quantify and characterise socio-demographic patterns. Over four-in-ten participants were physically inactive (40.6%); with a gender gap (47.7% women; 33.0% men); and striking differences between countries (47% Costa Rica and Venezuela; 26.9% Chile). In all countries, levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were lowest, and levels of SB were highest, among participants in the higher education groups. Our findings on the unequal distribution of PA and SB increases the evidence base and can help to inform future intervention strategies in Latin America.
{"title":"Socio-demographic patterning of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviours in eight Latin American countries: Findings from the ELANS study","authors":"G. Ferrari, I. Kovalskys, M. Fisberg, G. Gómez, A. Rigotti, L. C. Sanabria, Martha Cecilia Yépez García, Rossina Gabriella Pareja Torres, M. Herrera-Cuenca, I. Zimberg, V. Guajardo, M. Pratt, C. Cristi-Montero, F. Rodríguez-Rodríguez, S. Scholes, C. Celis-Morales, J. Chaput, D. Solé","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2019.1678671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1678671","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviours (SB) are two independent risk factors for non-communicable diseases. However, there is a lack of objectively measured information on PA and SB in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to use objective data to characterise socio-demographic patterns of PA and SB in eight Latin American countries. 2732 participants (aged 15–65 years) from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS) were included. PA and SB data were collected using accelerometers. Overall and country-specific average levels of time spent in PA and SB were compared by sex, age, socioeconomic and education level. Overall, the mean time spent in SB was 571.6 min/day, ranging from 553.8 min/day in Chile to 596.7 min/day in Peru. Average levels of light, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and total PA were 311.1 min/day (95% CI: 307.7; 314.5), 34.9 min/day (95% CI: 34.0; 35.9) and 7531.2 MET-min/week (95% CI: 7450.4; 7611.9), respectively. MVPA and total PA were higher in men than women. The prevalence of physical inactivity was 40.6%, ranging from 26.9% (Chile) to 47% (Costa Rica and Venezuela). Women were more physically inactive than men (47.7% versus 33.0%). SB levels were highest among those with higher education; PA graded positively with socioeconomic level. Our findings can inform the planning of health policies and programmes designed to reduce levels of physical inactivity, as well as inform the local and cultural adaptation of these policies and programmes for implementation in Latin America. Highlights Worldwide studies of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviours (SB) have historically under-represented Latin American countries due to the lack of surveillance data. Across eight Latin American countries, the ELANS study collected data on PA and SB using an objective method (accelerometers) which we have analysed to quantify and characterise socio-demographic patterns. Over four-in-ten participants were physically inactive (40.6%); with a gender gap (47.7% women; 33.0% men); and striking differences between countries (47% Costa Rica and Venezuela; 26.9% Chile). In all countries, levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were lowest, and levels of SB were highest, among participants in the higher education groups. Our findings on the unequal distribution of PA and SB increases the evidence base and can help to inform future intervention strategies in Latin America.","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":"58 1","pages":"670 - 681"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84774879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-30DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1675766
N. Steinberg, S. Tenenbaum, G. Waddington, R. Adams, G. Zakin, A. Zeev, I. Siev-ner
Abstract Patellofemoral pain (PPF) is a common problem experienced by young dancers. Currently, there is no clear indication as to the optimal intervention programme for reducing the level of pain and improving functional abilities in young dancers with PFP. Our aim was to examine the efficacy of two intervention programmes compared with controls in relation to PFP symptoms (shown by pain level, Grinding test, and patellar inhibition test-PIT) and functional abilities of dancers with PFP. Ninety-eight young dancers (mean age 13.4 ± .97) with PFP were assessed for clinical parameters and functional abilities pre and post an intervention programme lasting 12 weeks. Using cluster sampling controlling for grade and school, the dancers were divided into three groups: isometric exercises (IE), somatosensory training (ST), and control (CO). Post-intervention, significantly lower pain levels upon patellar provocation testing were reported for the two treatment groups compared with controls. There was a significantly lower rate of legs recovered in the CO group compared with both intervention groups on the Grinding test, and on the PIT. Postural balance ability and proprioception abilities were significantly better post-treatment for the two treatment groups compared with controls. A significant interaction showed that hip abduction muscle strength improved more in the IE group. In conclusion, both isometric exercises and somatosensory training were effective for decreasing clinical symptoms and improving some functional abilities in young dancers with PFP. Further studies on these types of interventions could determine the most effective training protocol for prevention and treatment of PFP in young dancers.
{"title":"Isometric exercises and somatosensory training as intervention programmes for patellofemoral pain in young dancers","authors":"N. Steinberg, S. Tenenbaum, G. Waddington, R. Adams, G. Zakin, A. Zeev, I. Siev-ner","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2019.1675766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1675766","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Patellofemoral pain (PPF) is a common problem experienced by young dancers. Currently, there is no clear indication as to the optimal intervention programme for reducing the level of pain and improving functional abilities in young dancers with PFP. Our aim was to examine the efficacy of two intervention programmes compared with controls in relation to PFP symptoms (shown by pain level, Grinding test, and patellar inhibition test-PIT) and functional abilities of dancers with PFP. Ninety-eight young dancers (mean age 13.4 ± .97) with PFP were assessed for clinical parameters and functional abilities pre and post an intervention programme lasting 12 weeks. Using cluster sampling controlling for grade and school, the dancers were divided into three groups: isometric exercises (IE), somatosensory training (ST), and control (CO). Post-intervention, significantly lower pain levels upon patellar provocation testing were reported for the two treatment groups compared with controls. There was a significantly lower rate of legs recovered in the CO group compared with both intervention groups on the Grinding test, and on the PIT. Postural balance ability and proprioception abilities were significantly better post-treatment for the two treatment groups compared with controls. A significant interaction showed that hip abduction muscle strength improved more in the IE group. In conclusion, both isometric exercises and somatosensory training were effective for decreasing clinical symptoms and improving some functional abilities in young dancers with PFP. Further studies on these types of interventions could determine the most effective training protocol for prevention and treatment of PFP in young dancers.","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":"12 1","pages":"845 - 857"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91198749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-22DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1675770
R. De Ridder, Cedric De Blaiser, Ruth Verrelst, Roeland De Saer, Andreas Desmet, J. Schuermans
ABSTRACT Hamstring injury prevention puts emphasis on optimizing the muscle's strength–length relationship. To assure appropriate muscle length, flexibility training is imperative. As neurodynamics play an important role herein, the goal of this study was to explore the intervention effect of home-based neurodynamic slider program on hamstring flexibility. Fifty physically active male subjects were randomly assigned to either performing a neurodynamic sliding technique (3 × 20 reps) or a static stretching protocol (3 × 30″) on a daily basis for a 6-week period. Hamstring flexibility was assessed by means of the Straight Leg Raise at baseline, immediately after the intervention and after 4 weeks follow up. There was no between group baseline difference in hamstring flexibility. The repeated measure ANOVA showed a significant interaction effect for group × time (p < 0.001). Independent sample t-test showed a significantly higher increase in flexibility gain in the neurodynamic group immediately after the intervention (p < 0.001), as well as at 4 weeks retention analysis (p = 0.001) compared to the static stretch group. In conclusion, neurodynamic sliders might be more efficient than regular static stretching in affecting hamstring flexibility in the long run.
{"title":"Neurodynamic sliders promote flexibility in tight hamstring syndrome","authors":"R. De Ridder, Cedric De Blaiser, Ruth Verrelst, Roeland De Saer, Andreas Desmet, J. Schuermans","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2019.1675770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1675770","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 Hamstring injury prevention puts emphasis on optimizing the muscle's strength–length relationship. To assure appropriate muscle length, flexibility training is imperative. As neurodynamics play an important role herein, the goal of this study was to explore the intervention effect of home-based neurodynamic slider program on hamstring flexibility. Fifty physically active male subjects were randomly assigned to either performing a neurodynamic sliding technique (3 × 20 reps) or a static stretching protocol (3 × 30″) on a daily basis for a 6-week period. Hamstring flexibility was assessed by means of the Straight Leg Raise at baseline, immediately after the intervention and after 4 weeks follow up. There was no between group baseline difference in hamstring flexibility. The repeated measure ANOVA showed a significant interaction effect for group × time (p < 0.001). Independent sample t-test showed a significantly higher increase in flexibility gain in the neurodynamic group immediately after the intervention (p < 0.001), as well as at 4 weeks retention analysis (p = 0.001) compared to the static stretch group. In conclusion, neurodynamic sliders might be more efficient than regular static stretching in affecting hamstring flexibility in the long run.","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":"11 6 1","pages":"973 - 980"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80048811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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