V. Vachnadze, Nina Vachnadze, A. Bakuridze, Raul Gociridze, M. Jokhadze, Vaxtang Mshvildadze, L. Ebralidze, D. Berashvili
By using ultrafiltration membrane with a certain porosity, it is possible to achieve selective fractionation of dimeric and monomeric alkaloids at the molecular weight level. With porosity of the membrane 100-150A° and filtration of alcohol extracts of Vinca rosea L. obtained from the aerial part of the plant, selective fractionation was achieved within the molecular masses from M+ 168 to M+ 426. In the fraction of minor alkaloids, a norharman (M+ 168), dihydrositsirikin (M+ 356) and vindorosine (M+ 426) were identified by the method of LC-MS/MS and GC/MS. The fraction of the minor alkaloids showed strong cytotoxic activity against the DLD-1 and WS-1 cell lines (Resazurin test), and according to the Hoechst test, to the cells of all A-549, DLD-1 and WS-1 lines.
{"title":"MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY IN THE EXTRACTION OF INDOLE ALKALOIDS","authors":"V. Vachnadze, Nina Vachnadze, A. Bakuridze, Raul Gociridze, M. Jokhadze, Vaxtang Mshvildadze, L. Ebralidze, D. Berashvili","doi":"10.52340/jecm.2022.723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52340/jecm.2022.723","url":null,"abstract":"By using ultrafiltration membrane with a certain porosity, it is possible to achieve selective fractionation of dimeric and monomeric alkaloids at the molecular weight level. With porosity of the membrane 100-150A° and filtration of alcohol extracts of Vinca rosea L. obtained from the aerial part of the plant, selective fractionation was achieved within the molecular masses from M+ 168 to M+ 426. In the fraction of minor alkaloids, a norharman (M+ 168), dihydrositsirikin (M+ 356) and vindorosine (M+ 426) were identified by the method of LC-MS/MS and GC/MS. The fraction of the minor alkaloids showed strong cytotoxic activity against the DLD-1 and WS-1 cell lines (Resazurin test), and according to the Hoechst test, to the cells of all A-549, DLD-1 and WS-1 lines.","PeriodicalId":12081,"journal":{"name":"EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL MEDICINE GEORGIA","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73882600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Abuladze, N. Pavliashvili, T. Sanikidze, M. Namoradze
Our study aimed to assess the activity of the blood antioxidant system in the animal model of alloxan-induced diabetes in rats.Diabetes in rats was induced diabetes by a single intraperitoneally injection of freshly prepared 12% aqueous alloxan solution ( 200 mg/kg). The glucose level was measured after 1, 2, 3, 10, 15, and 30 days from alloxan administration. The study included only those rats with blood glucose levels above 250 mg/dl on the 2nd day after alloxan administration.We investigated the activity of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (Cat) in the blood serum.The results of the studies show that the activity of enzymatic antioxidant systems in rats' blood sharply increased during the first 3 days after injection of alloxan. That may be due to the compensatory reaction of the body in response to alloxan-induced oxidative stress. Afterwards, the activity of SOD and Cat decreased, which may be due to the utilization of antioxidant proteins in the detoxification process of ROSs, their glycation and decreased level of the protein synthesis in the body at the intensive hyperglycemia and oxidative stress conditions.
{"title":"ALTERATIONS OF ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES DURING ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETES (EXPERIMENTAL STUDY)","authors":"K. Abuladze, N. Pavliashvili, T. Sanikidze, M. Namoradze","doi":"10.52340/jecm.2022.721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52340/jecm.2022.721","url":null,"abstract":"Our study aimed to assess the activity of the blood antioxidant system in the animal model of alloxan-induced diabetes in rats.Diabetes in rats was induced diabetes by a single intraperitoneally injection of freshly prepared 12% aqueous alloxan solution ( 200 mg/kg). The glucose level was measured after 1, 2, 3, 10, 15, and 30 days from alloxan administration. The study included only those rats with blood glucose levels above 250 mg/dl on the 2nd day after alloxan administration.We investigated the activity of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (Cat) in the blood serum.The results of the studies show that the activity of enzymatic antioxidant systems in rats' blood sharply increased during the first 3 days after injection of alloxan. That may be due to the compensatory reaction of the body in response to alloxan-induced oxidative stress. Afterwards, the activity of SOD and Cat decreased, which may be due to the utilization of antioxidant proteins in the detoxification process of ROSs, their glycation and decreased level of the protein synthesis in the body at the intensive hyperglycemia and oxidative stress conditions.","PeriodicalId":12081,"journal":{"name":"EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL MEDICINE GEORGIA","volume":"214 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81487214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Snoring and OSA are different Manifestations of the same pathophysiological disorder. Snoring Per se is not dangerous to overall health, but can become a social problem for the snorer as well as for the sleeping partner. Since the first description of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty by Ikematsu in 1964 numerous variations of surgical procedures of the soft palate for the treatment of primary snoring and OSA have been published.
{"title":"RADIOFREQUENCY UVULOPALATOPHARINGOPLASTY FOR THE TREATMENT OF SNORING AND OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA","authors":"M. Khvadagiani, G. Khvedelidze, Nino Burjaliani","doi":"10.52340/jecm.2022.726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52340/jecm.2022.726","url":null,"abstract":"Snoring and OSA are different Manifestations of the same pathophysiological disorder. Snoring Per se is not dangerous to overall health, but can become a social problem for the snorer as well as for the sleeping partner. Since the first description of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty by Ikematsu in 1964 numerous variations of surgical procedures of the soft palate for the treatment of primary snoring and OSA have been published.","PeriodicalId":12081,"journal":{"name":"EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL MEDICINE GEORGIA","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86283807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy and is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite advances in prevention techniques, screening, and new technologies in both diagnosis and treatment, incidence and mortality continue to rise. Cirrhosis remains the most important risk factor for the development of HCC regardless of etiology. Chronic medical conditions such as diabetes mellitus and obesity increase the risk of HCC. Diabetes mellitus directly affects the liver because of the essential role the liver plays in glucose metabolism. It can lead to chronic hepatitis, fatty liver, liver failure, and cirrhosis
{"title":"ROLE OF DIABETES AND NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE FOR HCC DEVELOPMENT","authors":"L. Benashvili, T. Turmanidze, Evgeni Asatiani","doi":"10.52340/jecm.2022.717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52340/jecm.2022.717","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy and is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite advances in prevention techniques, screening, and new technologies in both diagnosis and treatment, incidence and mortality continue to rise. Cirrhosis remains the most important risk factor for the development of HCC regardless of etiology. Chronic medical conditions such as diabetes mellitus and obesity increase the risk of HCC. Diabetes mellitus directly affects the liver because of the essential role the liver plays in glucose metabolism. It can lead to chronic hepatitis, fatty liver, liver failure, and cirrhosis","PeriodicalId":12081,"journal":{"name":"EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL MEDICINE GEORGIA","volume":"53 376 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83424175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is the standard procedure for the treatment of acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO), which can be performed with an external or endonasal approach. Numerous variations of endonasal DCR have been described in the literature that report varying rates of success. The aim of this study is to describe the approach and success rate of endonasal DCR, in which the nasal mucosa, bone and lacrimal mucosa are sequentially removed.
{"title":"TREATMENT OF CHRONIC DACRYOCYSTITIS USING ENDONASAL ENDOSCOPIC MICROSURGICAL TECHNIQUE","authors":"M. Khvadagiani, I. Tserediani, G. Khvedelidze","doi":"10.52340/jecm.2022.728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52340/jecm.2022.728","url":null,"abstract":"Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is the standard procedure for the treatment of acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO), which can be performed with an external or endonasal approach. Numerous variations of endonasal DCR have been described in the literature that report varying rates of success. The aim of this study is to describe the approach and success rate of endonasal DCR, in which the nasal mucosa, bone and lacrimal mucosa are sequentially removed.","PeriodicalId":12081,"journal":{"name":"EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL MEDICINE GEORGIA","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89396310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Shishniashvili, Ana Zubadalashvili, T. Suladze, R. Kvanchakhadze, Natalia Manjavidze
Pregnancy is characterized by quantitative and structural changes in oral diseases, which, in turn, contribute to the general health of both the pregnant woman and the child, and mark the perfect formation of the skeletal system of the latter. It is important to note that there are still no specially developed programs for the prevention of oral diseases in Georgia. All this points to the need to develop effective programs for the prevention of major dental diseases based on the study of the causes of deterioration of the dental status of women during pregnancy. Thus, the expediency of planning and implementing preventive measures during pregnancy is not in doubt. An exogenous and endogenous dental disease prevention plan developed by us can be recommended during pregnancy, considering the general's and dental status of the woman, to improve both the dental health of the pregnant woman and the antenatal prevention of the unborn child.
{"title":"ASPECTS OF ORAL DISEASE PREVENTION DURING PREGNANCY","authors":"T. Shishniashvili, Ana Zubadalashvili, T. Suladze, R. Kvanchakhadze, Natalia Manjavidze","doi":"10.52340/jecm.2022.715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52340/jecm.2022.715","url":null,"abstract":"Pregnancy is characterized by quantitative and structural changes in oral diseases, which, in turn, contribute to the general health of both the pregnant woman and the child, and mark the perfect formation of the skeletal system of the latter. It is important to note that there are still no specially developed programs for the prevention of oral diseases in Georgia. All this points to the need to develop effective programs for the prevention of major dental diseases based on the study of the causes of deterioration of the dental status of women during pregnancy. Thus, the expediency of planning and implementing preventive measures during pregnancy is not in doubt. An exogenous and endogenous dental disease prevention plan developed by us can be recommended during pregnancy, considering the general's and dental status of the woman, to improve both the dental health of the pregnant woman and the antenatal prevention of the unborn child.","PeriodicalId":12081,"journal":{"name":"EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL MEDICINE GEORGIA","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85660222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mindia Iobashvili, Irma Jikia, Tamuna Gogia, L. Bekauri, Marina Phailodze
Leiomyoma is a benign tumor of unknown etiology of the uterus. Leiomyoma is stimulated by an excess of steroids, disruption of apoptotic mechanisms, and local growth factors.We conducted a retrospective analysis of the operative material with leiomyoma of the reproductive period of women with the uterine body. The study revealed: a sharp increase in the incidence of intramural leiomyoma; Histological structural features are characteristic of proliferative, recurrent, and latent leiomyomas; Active products of the extracellular matrix, which is important not only in terms of leiomyoma growth, but it is likely to be among the factors that limit the free uncontrolled spread of tumor proliferate in the uterine body muscle and inhibit the assimilation process; Retrospective analysis of the material provides a basis for the search for molecular mechanisms of leiomyoma development. The results obtained will be important for the selection of drug treatment (in terms of inhibition of myocyte proliferative processes, expression of growth factors and activation of apoptosis).
{"title":"RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF OPERATIVE MATERIALS OF PATIENTS OF REPRODUCTIVE PERIOD WITH LEIOMYOMA","authors":"Mindia Iobashvili, Irma Jikia, Tamuna Gogia, L. Bekauri, Marina Phailodze","doi":"10.52340/jecm.2022.719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52340/jecm.2022.719","url":null,"abstract":"Leiomyoma is a benign tumor of unknown etiology of the uterus. Leiomyoma is stimulated by an excess of steroids, disruption of apoptotic mechanisms, and local growth factors.We conducted a retrospective analysis of the operative material with leiomyoma of the reproductive period of women with the uterine body. The study revealed: a sharp increase in the incidence of intramural leiomyoma; Histological structural features are characteristic of proliferative, recurrent, and latent leiomyomas; Active products of the extracellular matrix, which is important not only in terms of leiomyoma growth, but it is likely to be among the factors that limit the free uncontrolled spread of tumor proliferate in the uterine body muscle and inhibit the assimilation process; Retrospective analysis of the material provides a basis for the search for molecular mechanisms of leiomyoma development. The results obtained will be important for the selection of drug treatment (in terms of inhibition of myocyte proliferative processes, expression of growth factors and activation of apoptosis).","PeriodicalId":12081,"journal":{"name":"EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL MEDICINE GEORGIA","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85003393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruslan Bolkvadze, Z. Chomakhashvili, Alexander Tsalughelashvili, K. Kashibadze, O. Tsetskhladze, N. Zosidze, Demur Jincharadze
The article shows that the typical division of the bile tubules on the right and left branches in our case was revealed in 88.7%, respectively atypical division there was in 11.3%. From this 3.8% of cases was trifurcation of the main trunk of bile tubule, and 7.5% in the case there was right paramedian vein transposition. From trifurcation place of the bile tubule to start of the moved up right paramedian tubule, that is to the area of transposition, ranges from 0.9 cm to 1.7 cm.
本文显示，本例右侧和左侧分支胆管的典型分裂占88.7%，非典型分裂占11.3%。其中胆管主干分岔占3.8%，右侧旁脉转位占7.5%。从胆管分岔处至右旁小管上移起始处即转位面积，范围为0.9 cm ~ 1.7 cm。
{"title":"VARIANTS OF THE LOCATION OF THE BILE TUBULES IN THE PORTA OF LIVER","authors":"Ruslan Bolkvadze, Z. Chomakhashvili, Alexander Tsalughelashvili, K. Kashibadze, O. Tsetskhladze, N. Zosidze, Demur Jincharadze","doi":"10.52340/jecm.2022.720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52340/jecm.2022.720","url":null,"abstract":"The article shows that the typical division of the bile tubules on the right and left branches in our case was revealed in 88.7%, respectively atypical division there was in 11.3%. From this 3.8% of cases was trifurcation of the main trunk of bile tubule, and 7.5% in the case there was right paramedian vein transposition. From trifurcation place of the bile tubule to start of the moved up right paramedian tubule, that is to the area of transposition, ranges from 0.9 cm to 1.7 cm.","PeriodicalId":12081,"journal":{"name":"EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL MEDICINE GEORGIA","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74281344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paata Meshveliani, G. Didava, G. Tomadze, G. Burkadze
Oesophageal adenocarcinoma represents the 6th common cause of cancer related deaths. Frequently oesophageal adenocarcinomas are developed from Barret’s oesophagus, which represents the metaplastic lesion of the lower third of the oesophagus, when squamous epithelium is replaced by glandular epithelium. It has been shown, that Barret’s metaplasia bears the risk of progression into dysplasia and later into malignant disease. However, this risk is different in different patients. Nowadays, there are many ongoing studies investigating the molecular markers of the progression of Barret’s oesophagus, which on the other hand represents an important information for the proper clinical management of this lesion. We discuss the potential markers of Barret’s oesophagus progression and related problematic issues in presented critical review.
{"title":"CRITICAL REVIEW: BARRETS OESOPHAGUS – METAPLASIA – DYSPLASIA – MALIGNANT TRANSFORMAYION PHENOTYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PROGRESSION MARKERS","authors":"Paata Meshveliani, G. Didava, G. Tomadze, G. Burkadze","doi":"10.52340/jecm.2022.718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52340/jecm.2022.718","url":null,"abstract":"Oesophageal adenocarcinoma represents the 6th common cause of cancer related deaths. Frequently oesophageal adenocarcinomas are developed from Barret’s oesophagus, which represents the metaplastic lesion of the lower third of the oesophagus, when squamous epithelium is replaced by glandular epithelium. It has been shown, that Barret’s metaplasia bears the risk of progression into dysplasia and later into malignant disease. However, this risk is different in different patients. Nowadays, there are many ongoing studies investigating the molecular markers of the progression of Barret’s oesophagus, which on the other hand represents an important information for the proper clinical management of this lesion. We discuss the potential markers of Barret’s oesophagus progression and related problematic issues in presented critical review.","PeriodicalId":12081,"journal":{"name":"EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL MEDICINE GEORGIA","volume":"148 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89023969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natia Noghaideli Noghaideli, Z. Bokhua, B. Zurashvili
According to Georgian legislation, only doctors’ activities are regulated from healthcare professions. Although the Law of Georgia on Health Care includes the definition of ‘independent nursing practice’, its content (as well as the relevant professional responsibility) is not defined in the law or by-laws. Act of Georgian Law on Health Care establishes the obligation of the ministry to approve the list of nursing specialties and adjacent nursing specialties, which approved by the Order of the Minister of Labor, Health and Social Affairs of Georgia on April 15, 2004 №80/N, however, the act has not been used. Bachelor nursing programs have been established in Georgia since 2011 and significant reforms have been carried out in vocational nursing education, but principles for regulating nursing activities have not been developed yet. The majority (97%) of the countries in the world have legislation for regulating / governing nursing activities with a relevant regulatory body. The most common function of the regulatory bodies is authorization of nursing activities / practices. Georgia is among the 6 jurisdictions where nurses are not authorized (including Armenia, Argentina, Cape Verde, Mauritius and Togo). At the same point in 72% of countries participation in a continuing professional development system is a prerequisite for continuing nursing practice. Considering the info written above, significant systemic changes are important for development of nursing practice, including: Defining nursing as a regulated profession; Establishment of nursing regulatory body with appropriate mandate; Activation of Nurses Authorization Mechanism; Establishment of postgraduate education systems for nurses with continuing professional development and responsibility.
{"title":"REGULATION AND GOVERNANCE OF NURSING ACTIVITIES IN GEORGIA – REALITY AND CHALLENGES","authors":"Natia Noghaideli Noghaideli, Z. Bokhua, B. Zurashvili","doi":"10.52340/jecm.2022.722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52340/jecm.2022.722","url":null,"abstract":"According to Georgian legislation, only doctors’ activities are regulated from healthcare professions. Although the Law of Georgia on Health Care includes the definition of ‘independent nursing practice’, its content (as well as the relevant professional responsibility) is not defined in the law or by-laws. Act of Georgian Law on Health Care establishes the obligation of the ministry to approve the list of nursing specialties and adjacent nursing specialties, which approved by the Order of the Minister of Labor, Health and Social Affairs of Georgia on April 15, 2004 №80/N, however, the act has not been used. Bachelor nursing programs have been established in Georgia since 2011 and significant reforms have been carried out in vocational nursing education, but principles for regulating nursing activities have not been developed yet. The majority (97%) of the countries in the world have legislation for regulating / governing nursing activities with a relevant regulatory body. The most common function of the regulatory bodies is authorization of nursing activities / practices. Georgia is among the 6 jurisdictions where nurses are not authorized (including Armenia, Argentina, Cape Verde, Mauritius and Togo). At the same point in 72% of countries participation in a continuing professional development system is a prerequisite for continuing nursing practice. Considering the info written above, significant systemic changes are important for development of nursing practice, including: Defining nursing as a regulated profession; Establishment of nursing regulatory body with appropriate mandate; Activation of Nurses Authorization Mechanism; Establishment of postgraduate education systems for nurses with continuing professional development and responsibility.","PeriodicalId":12081,"journal":{"name":"EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL MEDICINE GEORGIA","volume":"201 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75749025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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