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Bite force transmission and mandible shape in grasshoppers, crickets, and allies is not driven by dietary niches. 蚱蜢、蟋蟀及其同类的咬力传递和下颚形状并非由食物龛位驱动。
IF 3.3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpae121
Carina Edel,Peter T Rühr,Melina Frenzel,Thomas van de Kamp,Tomáš Faragó,Jörg U Hammel,Fabian Wilde,Alexander Blanke
Although species evolve in response to many intrinsic and extrinsic factors, frequently one factor has a dominating influence on a given organ system. In this context, mouthpart shape and function are thought to correlate strongly with dietary niche and this was advocated for decades, e.g., for insects. Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets, and allies) are a prominent case in this respect because mandible shape has been even used to predict feeding preferences. Here, we analysed mandible shape, force transmission efficiency, and their potential correlation with dietary categories in a phylogenetic framework for 153 extant Orthoptera. The mechanical advantage profile was used as a descriptor of gnathal edge shape and bite force transmission efficiency in order to understand how mandible shape is linked to biting efficiency and diet, and how these traits are influenced by phylogeny and allometry. Results show that mandible shape in fact is a poor predictor of feeding ecology and phylogenetic history has a strong influence on gnathal edge shape. Being ancestrally phytophagous, Orthoptera evolved in an environment with food sources being always abundant so that selective pressures leading to more specialized mouthpart shapes and force transmission efficiencies were low.
尽管物种的进化是对许多内在和外在因素的反应,但经常有一种因素对特定器官系统具有支配性影响。在这种情况下,口器的形状和功能被认为与食性密切相关,这种观点已经被提倡了几十年,例如对昆虫而言。直翅目昆虫(蚱蜢、蟋蟀和同翅目昆虫)在这方面是一个突出的例子,因为下颚的形状甚至被用来预测摄食偏好。在此,我们在系统发育框架内分析了 153 种现存直翅目昆虫的下颚形状、力传递效率及其与食性类别的潜在相关性。机械优势曲线被用作咬合边缘形状和咬合力传递效率的描述因子,以了解下颌骨形状与咬合效率和食性之间的关系,以及这些特征如何受到系统发育和同源测定的影响。结果表明,下颚形状实际上并不能很好地预测摄食生态,而系统发育历史对咬合边缘形状有很大影响。直翅目昆虫的祖先是植食性的,它们在食物来源总是很丰富的环境中进化,因此导致口器形状更特化和力传递效率更低的选择性压力很小。
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引用次数: 0
Untangling the colonization history of the Australo-Pacific reed warblers, one of the world's great island radiations. 解开世界上最伟大的岛屿辐射之一--澳大利亚-太平洋芦苇莺的殖民历史。
IF 3.3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpae136
Anna M Kearns,Michael G Campana,Beth Slikas,Lainie Berry,Takema Saitoh,Gary R Graves,Alice Cibois,Robert C Fleischer
Island radiations, such as those of the Australo-Pacific, offer unique insight into diversification, extinction, and early speciation processes. Yet, their speciation and colonization histories are often obscured by conflicting genomic signals from incomplete lineage sorting or hybridization. Here, we integrated mitogenomes and genome-wide SNPs to unravel the evolutionary history of one of the world's most geographically widespread island radiations. The Australo-Pacific reed warblers (Acrocephalus luscinius complex) are a speciose lineage including five species that have become extinct since the 19th century and ten additional species of conservation concern. The radiation spans over 10,000 km across Australo-Papua, Micronesia and Polynesia, including the Mariana, Hawaii and Pitcairn Island archipelagos. Earlier mtDNA studies suggested a stepping-stone colonization process, resulting in archipelago-level secondary sympatry of divergent mtDNA lineages in the Mariana Islands and Marquesas. These studies hypothesised that morphologically similar species on neighbouring islands arose from ecological convergence. Using hDNA from historical museum specimens and modern genetic samples, we show that incomplete lineage sorting and/or gene flow have shaped the radiation of Australo-Pacific reed warblers rather than secondary sympatry. The nuclear genome reconstructs a simpler biogeographic history than mtDNA, showing close relationships between species in the Mariana Islands and Marquesas despite their paraphyletic mtDNA lineages. Gene flow likely involved early and late colonizing waves of the radiation before the loss of ancestral dispersive ability. Our results highlight how collection genomics can elucidate evolutionary history and inform conservation efforts for threatened species.
岛屿辐射(如澳太地区的岛屿辐射)为了解物种多样化、灭绝和早期物种形成过程提供了独特的视角。然而,它们的物种演化和殖民历史往往被不完全的品系分类或杂交所产生的相互矛盾的基因组信号所掩盖。在这里,我们整合了有丝分裂基因组和全基因组SNPs,以揭示世界上地理分布最广的岛屿辐射之一的进化历史。澳大利亚-太平洋芦苇莺(Acrocephalus luscinius complex)是一个物种谱系,包括自19世纪以来已经灭绝的5个物种和另外10个受保护的物种。其辐射范围横跨澳大利亚-巴布亚、密克罗尼西亚和波利尼西亚,包括马里亚纳群岛、夏威夷群岛和皮特凯恩岛群岛,总长度超过 1 万公里。早期的 mtDNA 研究表明,在马里亚纳群岛和马克萨斯群岛,不同的 mtDNA 系在群岛水平上的次生共生是一个阶梯式的殖民过程。这些研究假设,相邻岛屿上形态相似的物种产生于生态趋同。利用来自历史博物馆标本和现代基因样本的 hDNA,我们表明,不完全的品系分类和/或基因流形成了澳太苇莺的辐射,而不是次生共生。与 mtDNA 相比,核基因组重建了一个更简单的生物地理历史,尽管马里亚纳群岛和马克萨斯群岛的 mtDNA 系属于旁系,但其物种之间的关系却很密切。基因流动可能涉及祖先分散能力丧失之前的早期和晚期辐射殖民浪潮。我们的研究结果突显了采集基因组学是如何阐明进化历史并为濒危物种的保护工作提供信息的。
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引用次数: 0
Contrasting macroevolutionary patterns in pelagic tetrapods across the Triassic-Jurassic transition. 三叠纪-侏罗纪过渡时期浮游四足动物的宏观进化模式对比。
IF 3.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpae138
Antoine Laboury, Thomas L Stubbs, Andrzej S Wolniewicz, Jun Liu, Torsten M Scheyer, Marc E H Jones, Valentin Fischer

The iconic marine raptorial predators Ichthyosauria and Eosauropterygia co-existed in the same ecosystems throughout most of the Mesozoic Era, facing similar evolutionary pressures and environmental perturbations. Both groups seemingly went through a massive macroevolutionary bottleneck across the Triassic-Jurassic (T/J) transition that greatly reduced their morphological diversity, leaving pelagic lineages as the only survivors. However, analyses of marine reptile disparity across the T/J transition have usually employed coarse morphological and temporal data. We comprehensively compare the evolution of ichthyosaurian and eosauropterygian morphology and body size across the Middle Triassic to Early Jurassic interval and find contrasting macroevolutionary patterns. The ecomorphospace of eosauropterygians predominantly reflects a strong phylogenetic signal, resulting in the clustering of three clades with clearly distinct craniodental phenotypes, suggesting 'leaps' towards novel feeding ecologies. Ichthyosaurian diversification lacks a discernible evolutionary trend, as we find evidence for a wide overlap of craniodental morphologies between Triassic and Early Jurassic forms. The temporal evolution of ecomorphological disparity, fin shape and body size of eosauropterygians and ichthyosaurians during the Late Triassic does not support the hypothesis of an abrupt macroevolutionary bottleneck near the T/J transition. Rather, an important turnover event should be sought earlier, during times of rapid sea level falls.

在中生代的大部分时间里,标志性的海洋猛禽掠食者鱼龙亚科(Ichthyosauria)和鱼龙亚科(Eosauropterygia)共存于相同的生态系统中,面临着相似的进化压力和环境干扰。在三叠纪-侏罗纪(T/J)过渡期,这两个类群似乎都经历了一次大规模的进化瓶颈期,形态多样性大大降低,只有浮游类系幸存下来。然而,对三叠纪-侏罗纪过渡时期海洋爬行动物差异的分析通常采用粗略的形态和时间数据。我们全面比较了三叠纪中期到侏罗纪早期鱼龙类和伊索龙类形态和体型的演化,发现了截然不同的宏观演化模式。鱼龙类的生态形态空间主要反映了强烈的系统发育信号,导致三个支系聚集在一起,具有明显不同的颅齿表型,这表明鱼龙类 "飞跃 "到了新的觅食生态环境。鱼龙类的多样化缺乏明显的演化趋势,因为我们发现三叠纪和早侏罗世鱼龙类的颅齿形态有很大的重叠。在晚三叠世,无尾龙类和鱼龙类的非形态差异、鳍状和体型的时间演化并不支持在T/J过渡附近出现一个突然的宏观演化瓶颈的假说。相反,在海平面急剧下降时期,一个重要的更替事件应该出现在更早的时期。
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引用次数: 0
Teosinte populations exhibit weak local adaptation to their rhizosphere biota despite strong effects of biota source on teosinte fitness and traits. 尽管生物群来源对茶树的适应性和性状有很大影响,但茶树种群对根瘤菌生物群的局部适应性很弱。
IF 3.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-15 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpae130
Anna M O'Brien, Ruairidh J H Sawers, Jaime Gasca-Pineda, Ivan Baxter, Luis E Eguiarte, Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra, Sharon Y Strauss

While biotic interactions often impose selection, species and popula- tions vary in whether they are locally adapted to biotic interactions. Evo- lutionary theory predicts that environmental conditions drive this variable local adaptation by altering the fitness impacts of species interactions. To investigate the influence of an environmental gradient on adaptation be- tween a plant and its associated rhizosphere biota, we cross-combined teosinte (Zea mays ssp. mexicana) and rhizosphere biota collected across a gradient of decreasing temperature, precipitation, and nutrients in a greenhouse common garden experiment. We measured both fitness and phenotypes expected to be influenced by biota, including concentrations of nutrients in leaves. Independent, main effects of teosinte and biota source explained most variation in teosinte fitness and traits. For example, biota from warmer sites provided population-independent fitness benefits across teosinte hosts. Effects of biota that depended on teosinte genotype were often not specific to their local hosts, and most traits had similar relation- ships to fitness across biota treatments. However, we found weak patterns of local adaptation between teosinte and biota from colder sites, suggest- ing environmental gradients may alter the importance of local adaptation in teosinte-biota interactions, as evolutionary theory predicts.

虽然生物间的相互作用往往会带来选择,但物种和种群在是否适应生物间相互作用方面却各不相同。进化论预测,环境条件通过改变物种相互作用的适应性影响来驱动这种多变的局部适应。为了研究环境梯度对植物及其相关根圈生物群之间适应性的影响,我们在温室共同花园实验中,将收集到的茶树(Zea mays ssp.我们测量了预期受生物群影响的适应性和表型,包括叶片中的养分浓度。茶树和生物群来源的独立主效应解释了茶树适应性和性状的大部分变化。例如,来自较温暖地区的生物群对茶树寄主的适应性有利,但与种群无关。生物群的影响取决于茶黄虫的基因型,但往往不局限于当地寄主,而且大多数性状在不同的生物群处理中与适应性的关系相似。然而,我们发现茶黄素与来自寒冷地区的生物群之间的局部适应性较弱,这表明环境梯度可能会改变茶黄素-生物群相互作用中局部适应性的重要性,正如进化理论所预测的那样。
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引用次数: 0
Spider silk tensile performance does not correlate with web use. 蜘蛛丝的拉伸性能与蜘蛛网的使用无关。
IF 3.3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpae135
Jonas O Wolff
Spider silk is amongst the toughest materials produced by living systems, but its tensile performance varies considerably between species. Despite the extensive sampling of the material properties and composition of dragline silk, the understanding why some silks perform better than others is still limited. Here, I adopted a phylogenetic comparative approach to re-analyse structural and mechanical data from the Silkome database and the literature across 164 species to (a) provide an extended model of silk property evolution, (b) test for correlations between structural and mechanical properties, and (c) to test if silk tensile performance differs between web-building and non-web-building species. Unlike the common notion that orb-weavers have evolved the best performing silks, outstanding tensile properties were found both in and outside the araneoid clade. Phylogenetic linear models indicated that the mechanical and structural properties of spider draglines poorly correlate, but silk strength and toughness correlated better with birefringence (an indicator of the material anisotropy) than crystallinity. Furthermore, in contrast to previous ideas, silk tensile performance did not differ between ecological guilds. These findings indicate multiple unknown pathways towards the evolution of spider silk tensile super-performance, calling for a better integration of non-orb-weaving spiders in spider silk studies.
蜘蛛丝是生物系统产生的最坚韧的材料之一,但不同种类的蜘蛛丝拉伸性能差异很大。尽管对拖拉机蛛丝的材料特性和组成进行了大量取样,但人们对某些蛛丝的性能为何优于其他蛛丝的了解仍然有限。在此,我采用系统发育比较方法,重新分析了 Silkome 数据库和文献中 164 个物种的结构和机械数据,以(a)提供一个丝特性进化的扩展模型,(b)检验结构和机械特性之间的相关性,以及(c)检验造网物种和非造网物种之间的丝拉伸性能是否存在差异。与认为织网动物进化出了性能最好的丝的普遍观点不同,在类人猿支系内外都发现了出色的拉伸性能。系统发育线性模型表明,蜘蛛拖丝的机械和结构特性相关性很差,但丝的强度和韧性与双折射(材料各向异性的指标)的相关性比结晶性更好。此外,与以前的观点不同,不同生态区的蛛丝拉伸性能并无差异。这些发现表明蛛丝超强拉伸性能的进化有多种未知途径,因此需要在蛛丝研究中更好地结合非织造蜘蛛。
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引用次数: 0
Mismatch between pollen and pistil size causes asymmetric mechanical reproductive isolation across Phlox species. 花粉和雌蕊大小的不匹配会导致凤仙花物种间不对称的机械生殖隔离。
IF 3.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpae128
Anna F Feller, Grace Burgin, Nia Lewis, Rohan Prabhu, Robin Hopkins

Characterizing the mechanisms of reproductive isolation (RI) between lineages is key to determining how new species are formed and maintained. In flowering plants, interactions between the reproductive organs of the flower -the pollen and the pistil- serve as the last barrier to reproduction before fertilization. As such, these pollen-pistil interactions are both complex and important for determining a suitable mate. Here, we test whether differences in style length (a part of the pistil) generate a postmating prezygotic mechanical barrier between five species of perennial Phlox wildflowers with geographically overlapping distributions. We perform controlled pairwise reciprocal crosses between three species with long styles and two species with short styles to assess crossing success (seed set). We find that heterospecific seed set is broadly reduced compared to conspecific cross success and reveal a striking asymmetry in heterospecific crosses between species with different style lengths. To determine the mechanism underlying this asymmetric reproductive isolating barrier we assess pollen tube growth in vivo and in vitro. We demonstrate that pollen tubes of short-styled species do not grow long enough to reach the ovaries of long-styled species. We find that short-styled species also have smaller pollen and that both within and between species pollen diameter is highly correlated with pollen tube length. Our results support the hypothesis that the small pollen of short-styled species lacks resources to grow pollen tubes long enough to access the ovaries of the long-styled species, resulting in an asymmetrical, mechanical barrier to reproduction. Such reproductive isolating mechanisms, combined with additional pollen-pistil incompatibilities, may be particularly important for closely related species in geographic proximity that share pollinators.

描述不同品系之间的生殖隔离(RI)机制是确定新物种如何形成和维持的关键。在开花植物中,花的生殖器官--花粉和雌蕊--之间的相互作用是受精前生殖的最后一道屏障。因此,花粉与雌蕊之间的相互作用既复杂又对确定合适的配偶非常重要。在这里,我们测试了花柱长度(雌蕊的一部分)的差异是否会在地理分布重叠的五种多年生凤仙花野花之间产生交配前的机械障碍。我们在三个花柱较长的物种和两个花柱较短的物种之间进行受控的成对互交,以评估杂交成功率(结籽率)。我们发现,与同种杂交成功率相比,异种杂交的结籽率普遍较低,并揭示了不同花柱长度物种之间异种杂交的显著不对称性。为了确定这种不对称生殖隔离障碍的机制,我们对花粉管的体内和体外生长进行了评估。我们证明,短花柱物种的花粉管无法长到足以到达长花柱物种的子房。我们发现,短花柱物种的花粉也较小,而且在物种内部和物种之间,花粉直径与花粉管长度高度相关。我们的研究结果支持这样的假设:短花柱物种的花粉较小,缺乏足够长的花粉管资源来进入长花柱物种的子房,从而形成不对称的机械繁殖障碍。这种生殖隔离机制与其他花粉-雌蕊不相容的机制相结合,对于地理位置相近、共享授粉者的近缘物种来说可能特别重要。
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引用次数: 0
Variance Partitioning of nest provisioning rates in blue tits: Individual Repeatability, heritability, and partner interactions. 蓝山雀巢供给率的差异分配:个体重复性、遗传性和伙伴间的相互作用。
IF 3.3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpae131
Peter Santema,Wolfgang Forstmeier,Bart Kempenaers
In many animal species, including most birds, parental care is performed by both parents, which has important implications for mate choice (good parent hypothesis) and parental investment strategies. Partitioning the variance in measures of parental care into heritable and non-heritable components is important to understand the evolvability of parental investment and its potential role in mate choice. We employed an automated system to monitor provisioning behavior at 817 blue tit nests over 10 years (totaling ~3 million visits). Daily provisioning rates of males and females were moderately repeatable between years (Radj = 0.16 and 0.15 respectively), which was almost entirely explained by additive genetic effects. While this degree of heritability is sufficient for parental investment to respond to selection, we argue that the modest level of repeatability provides limited potential for a 'provisioning phenotype' to be used as a criterion in mate choice. Daily visit rates were positively correlated between pair members, but after accounting for shared environmental factors this relationship became clearly negative, thereby providing support for models of partial compensation. Visit rates also differed substantially between years, and between days within a year. Thus, it is important to account for these variables when comparing parental investment between individuals. Our results highlight the interplay between genetic, social, and environmental influences on provisioning behavior.
在包括大多数鸟类在内的许多动物物种中,父母双方都会进行亲代照料,这对配偶选择(好父母假说)和亲代投资策略有重要影响。将亲代照料措施的变异分为可遗传和不可遗传两部分对于了解亲代投资的可进化性及其在配偶选择中的潜在作用非常重要。我们采用自动化系统监测了817个蓝山雀巢10年来的供养行为(总计约300万次)。雄鸟和雌鸟的每日供给率在不同年份之间具有中度重复性(Radj分别为0.16和0.15),这几乎完全可以用遗传效应的叠加效应来解释。虽然这种程度的遗传性足以使亲本投资对选择做出反应,但我们认为,适度的可重复性为 "供给表型 "作为择偶标准提供了有限的可能性。配对成员之间的每日探视率呈正相关,但在考虑了共同的环境因素后,这种关系明显变为负相关,从而为部分补偿模型提供了支持。不同年份之间以及一年内不同天数之间的访问率也有很大差异。因此,在比较个体间的亲本投资时,考虑这些变量非常重要。我们的研究结果突显了遗传、社会和环境对供给行为的相互影响。
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引用次数: 0
Evolutionary innovation accelerates morphological diversification in pufferfishes and their relatives. 进化创新加速了河豚及其近亲的形态多样化。
IF 3.3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpae127
Emily M Troyer,Kory M Evans,Christopher Goatley,Matt Friedman,Giorgio Carnevale,Benjamin Nicholas,Matthew Kolmann,Katherine E Bemis,Dahiana Arcila
Evolutionary innovations have played an important role in shaping the diversity of life on Earth. However, how these innovations arise, and their downstream effects on patterns of morphological diversification remain poorly understood. Here, we examine the impact of evolutionary innovation on trait diversification in tetraodontiform fishes (pufferfishes, boxfishes, ocean sunfishes, and allies). This order provides an ideal model system for studying morphological diversification owing to their range of habitats and divergent morphologies, including the fusion of the teeth into a beak in several families. Using three-dimensional geometric morphometric data for 176 extant and fossil species, we examine the effect of skull integration and novel habitat association on the evolution of innovation. Strong integration may be a requirement for rapid trait evolution and facilitating the evolution of innovative structures, like the tetraodontiform beak. Our results show that the beak arose in the presence of highly conserved patterns of integration across the skull, suggesting that integration did not limit the range of available phenotypes to tetraodontiforms. Furthermore, we find that beaks have allowed tetraodontiforms to diversify into novel ecological niches, irrespective of habitat. Our results suggest that general rules pertaining to evolutionary innovation may be more nuanced than previously thought.
进化创新在塑造地球生命多样性方面发挥了重要作用。然而,人们对这些创新是如何产生的,以及它们对形态多样化模式的下游影响仍然知之甚少。在这里,我们研究了进化创新对四齿鱼(河豚、箱鱼、海洋太阳鱼及其同类)性状多样化的影响。该目栖息地广泛,形态各异,包括多个科的牙齿融合成喙,因此是研究形态多样化的理想模型系统。利用 176 个现生和化石物种的三维几何形态计量数据,我们研究了头骨整合和新栖息地关联对创新进化的影响。强大的整合可能是快速性状进化和促进创新结构(如四齿喙)进化的必要条件。我们的研究结果表明,喙是在整个头骨高度保守的整合模式下产生的,这表明整合并没有限制四齿兽可用表型的范围。此外,我们还发现,鸟喙使四齿兽类能够多样化,进入新的生态位,而不受栖息地的限制。我们的研究结果表明,与进化创新相关的一般规则可能比以前认为的更加微妙。
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引用次数: 0
Plasticity cannot fully compensate evolutionary differences in heat tolerance across fish species. 可塑性无法完全弥补不同鱼类在耐热性方面的进化差异。
IF 3.3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpae126
Andrés N Molina,Mauricio J Carter,Enrico L Rezende
Understanding how evolution and phenotypic plasticity contribute to variation in heat tolerance is crucial to predict responses to warming. Here we analyze 272 thermal death time curves of 53 fish species acclimated to different temperatures and quantify their relative contributions. Analyses show that evolution and plasticity account, respectively, for 80.5 % and 12.4 % of the variation in elevation across curves, whereas their slope remained invariant. Evolutionary and plastic adaptive responses differ in magnitude, with heat tolerance increasing 0.54 ºC between species and 0.32 ºC within species for every 1 ºC increase in environmental temperatures. After successfully predicting critical temperatures under ramping conditions to validate these estimates, we show that fish populations can only partly ameliorate the impact of warming waters via thermal acclimation and this deficit in plasticity could increase as the warming accelerates.
了解进化和表型可塑性如何导致耐热性的变化,对于预测对气候变暖的反应至关重要。在这里,我们分析了 53 种适应不同温度的鱼类的 272 条热死亡时间曲线,并量化了它们的相对贡献。分析表明,进化和可塑性分别占各曲线升高变化的80.5%和12.4%,而它们的斜率保持不变。进化和可塑性适应性反应的幅度不同,环境温度每升高 1 ºC,物种间的耐热性增加 0.54 ºC,物种内的耐热性增加 0.32 ºC。在成功预测了升温条件下的临界温度以验证这些估计值之后,我们表明鱼类种群只能通过热适应来部分改善水域变暖的影响,而且随着变暖速度加快,这种可塑性的不足可能会加剧。
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引用次数: 0
Recurrent evolution of small body size and loss of the sword ornament in Northern swordtail fish. 北方剑尾鱼体型变小和剑饰消失的反复进化。
IF 3.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpae124
Gabriel A Preising, Theresa Gunn, John J Baczenas, Daniel L Powell, Tristram O Dodge, Sean T Sewell, Alexa Pollock, Jose Angel Machin Kairuz, Markita Savage, Yuan Lu, Meredith Fitschen-Brown, Axel Meyer, Manfred Schartl, Molly Cummings, Sunishka Thakur, Callen M Inman, Oscar Ríos-Cardenas, Molly Morris, Michael Tobler, Molly Schumer

Across the tree of life, species have repeatedly evolved similar phenotypes. While well-studied for ecological traits, there is also evidence for recurrent evolution of sexually selected traits. Swordtail fish (Xiphophorus) are a classic model system for studying sexual selection, and female Xiphophorus exhibit strong mate preferences for large male body size and a range of sexually dimorphic ornaments. Interestingly, sexually selected traits have also been lost multiple times in the genus. However, there has been uncertainty over the number of losses of ornamentation and large body size because phylogenetic relationships between species in this group have historically been controversial, partially due to prevalent gene flow. Here, we use whole-genome sequencing approaches to re-examine phylogenetic relationships within a Xiphophorus clade that varies in the presence and absence of sexually selected traits. Using wild-caught individuals, we determine the phylogenetic placement of a small, unornamented species, X. continens, confirming an additional loss of ornamentation and large body size in the clade. With these revised phylogenetic relationships, we analyze evidence for coevolution between body size and other sexually selected traits using phylogenetic comparative methods. These results provide insights into the evolutionary pressures driving the recurrent loss of suites of sexually selected traits.

在整个生命树中,物种反复进化出类似的表型。在对生态特征进行深入研究的同时,也有证据表明性选择特征也在反复进化。剑尾鱼(Xiphophorus)是研究性选择的经典模式系统,雌性剑尾鱼表现出强烈的交配偏好,喜欢体型大的雄性和一系列性二态的装饰品。有趣的是,在该属中,性选择性状也曾多次消失。然而,由于该类物种之间的系统发育关系历来存在争议,部分原因是基因流的盛行,因此装饰品和大体型丢失的次数一直存在不确定性。在这里,我们利用全基因组测序方法重新研究了Xiphophorus支系内的系统发育关系,该支系在有无性选择性状方面存在差异。利用野生捕获的个体,我们确定了一个小型、无装饰的物种 X. continens 的系统发育位置,确认了该支系中装饰和大体型的额外丧失。有了这些修正后的系统发生关系,我们利用系统发生比较方法分析了体型与其他性选择性状之间共同进化的证据。这些结果为我们提供了洞察力,使我们了解到驱动性选择性状成套性状反复丧失的进化压力。
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引用次数: 0
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Evolution
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