Pub Date : 2018-08-27DOI: 10.51843/wsproceedings.2018.15
M. Lombardi
For more than three decades, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has offered and provided remote frequency and time calibration services that continuously measure and calibrate a customer’s primary frequency and/or time standard. These services differ from the typical calibration model in at least two important respects. The first is that the device under test remains at the customer’s facility. NIST provides equipment to the customer that calibrates the device, records the measurements, and returns the results to NIST via a network connection. The second is that the measurements are continuous, with new results recorded 24 hours per day, 7 days a week. This allows customer to continuously establish traceability to the International System (SI) through UTC(NIST), the national standard for frequency and time, without ever disturbing or transporting their standard. In addition, the reported measurement uncertainties offered by these services are small enough to meet the requirements of nearly any potential customer. The NIST services not only help support calibration and metrology laboratories, but also benefit a wide variety of organizations in both the public and private sectors; including the U.S. military, U.S. government agencies and research laboratories, defense contractors, the aerospace industry, the energy industry, telecommunications providers, electronics and instrument manufacturers, and financial markets and stock exchanges. This paper describes the reach and impact of the NIST remote frequency and time calibration services. It does so by looking at the history of the services, how they work, their calibration and measurement capabilities, their quality management system, and the metrological requirements of the customers that they serve.
{"title":"The Reach and Impact of the Remote Frequency and Time Calibration Program at NIST","authors":"M. Lombardi","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2018.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2018.15","url":null,"abstract":"For more than three decades, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has offered and provided remote frequency and time calibration services that continuously measure and calibrate a customer’s primary frequency and/or time standard. These services differ from the typical calibration model in at least two important respects. The first is that the device under test remains at the customer’s facility. NIST provides equipment to the customer that calibrates the device, records the measurements, and returns the results to NIST via a network connection. The second is that the measurements are continuous, with new results recorded 24 hours per day, 7 days a week. This allows customer to continuously establish traceability to the International System (SI) through UTC(NIST), the national standard for frequency and time, without ever disturbing or transporting their standard. In addition, the reported measurement uncertainties offered by these services are small enough to meet the requirements of nearly any potential customer. The NIST services not only help support calibration and metrology laboratories, but also benefit a wide variety of organizations in both the public and private sectors; including the U.S. military, U.S. government agencies and research laboratories, defense contractors, the aerospace industry, the energy industry, telecommunications providers, electronics and instrument manufacturers, and financial markets and stock exchanges. This paper describes the reach and impact of the NIST remote frequency and time calibration services. It does so by looking at the history of the services, how they work, their calibration and measurement capabilities, their quality management system, and the metrological requirements of the customers that they serve.","PeriodicalId":120844,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2018","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121619304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.51843/wsproceedings.2018.10
E. Mulhern
As the International System of Units continues the transformation from a system based on fundamental units to one based on fundamental constants the question is often asked: what will happen to the artifacts that once served as the cornerstone of the realization process? In the case of the kilogram, it is a common misconception that the International Prototype Kilogram (IPK) and its copies will have little more than historical value as the kilogram takes on its new definition based on the Planck Constant. The truth of the matter is, stable artifacts will be just as important in the new realization and dissemination of mass. At the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), artifacts will play an integral role in the mise en pratique, or practical method, for the realization and dissemination of the new mass standards. The kilogram will be realized in the NIST-4 Watt Balance, where the power generated by moving a mass artifact through a gravitational field will be balanced by an electrical power involving quantum standards. From there, it is the artifact that will be transferred under vacuum, via a custom mass transport vehicle, to either a vacuum balance for sorption studies or the NIST Magnetic Suspension Mass Comparator for a direct calibration of another artifact in air. Following this, the artifacts will be housed in either vacuum or air environments, comprising the pool of standards from which mass is disseminated to customers. To prepare for this new system of mass, the Mass and Force Group has taken exquisite care to control the conditions that these artifacts will be exposed to. Identical chambers have been designed and fabricated to provide two separate environments for mass artifact storage. One chamber will be kept under vacuum and the other will contain filtered lab air at nominally atmospheric conditions. In this paper the design, fabrication and assembly of the chambers will be detailed. The mass transfer and handling processes employed by the Mass and Force groups will be explained. Finally, the overall impact of the redefinition on the artifact-based mass system will be discussed.
{"title":"The Future of the Mass Artifact in the New SI","authors":"E. Mulhern","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2018.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2018.10","url":null,"abstract":"As the International System of Units continues the transformation from a system based on fundamental units to one based on fundamental constants the question is often asked: what will happen to the artifacts that once served as the cornerstone of the realization process? In the case of the kilogram, it is a common misconception that the International Prototype Kilogram (IPK) and its copies will have little more than historical value as the kilogram takes on its new definition based on the Planck Constant. The truth of the matter is, stable artifacts will be just as important in the new realization and dissemination of mass. At the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), artifacts will play an integral role in the mise en pratique, or practical method, for the realization and dissemination of the new mass standards. The kilogram will be realized in the NIST-4 Watt Balance, where the power generated by moving a mass artifact through a gravitational field will be balanced by an electrical power involving quantum standards. From there, it is the artifact that will be transferred under vacuum, via a custom mass transport vehicle, to either a vacuum balance for sorption studies or the NIST Magnetic Suspension Mass Comparator for a direct calibration of another artifact in air. Following this, the artifacts will be housed in either vacuum or air environments, comprising the pool of standards from which mass is disseminated to customers. To prepare for this new system of mass, the Mass and Force Group has taken exquisite care to control the conditions that these artifacts will be exposed to. Identical chambers have been designed and fabricated to provide two separate environments for mass artifact storage. One chamber will be kept under vacuum and the other will contain filtered lab air at nominally atmospheric conditions. In this paper the design, fabrication and assembly of the chambers will be detailed. The mass transfer and handling processes employed by the Mass and Force groups will be explained. Finally, the overall impact of the redefinition on the artifact-based mass system will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":120844,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2018","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123176091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.51843/wsproceedings.2018.17
Jennifer Fleenor
Many organizations go through the motions of a management review so that they have documentation to pass a third party audit, however the review is often not effective. The reason they are not effective is managers do not take the time to prepare, collect and analysis available data, not enough time is scheduled with Top Management, and what time is available, the participants do not feel it is well spent or value added. A Top Management’s review is intended to ensure the organization’s quality management system is suitable, adequate, effective, and aligned with the strategic direction of the organization. If your management review is not effective, you can expect to have nonconformities in the fulfillment of your calibration and/or test activities. This session will provide recommendations on how to complete a management review so that the process is effective in both function and time, and participants feel the process if value added to the organization while meeting the documented requirements of ISO 9001:2015, ISO/IEC 17025:2017, ANSI-NCSL Z540-1:1994 (2002), ANSI-NCSL Z540-3 2006 and any your accrediting body. Advice on a management review schedule, template, documentation, and follow-up action management will be shared. Participants will have the opportunity to interact throughout this interactive workshop and offer their ideas and experience so that all participants gain knowledge and learn how to prevent pitfalls and obstacles of a successful, meaningful management review. As a requirement of metrology industry Standards, management reviews are a necessity, so why not make the process effective and value added to your organization?
{"title":"Effective Management Review","authors":"Jennifer Fleenor","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2018.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2018.17","url":null,"abstract":"Many organizations go through the motions of a management review so that they have documentation to pass a third party audit, however the review is often not effective. The reason they are not effective is managers do not take the time to prepare, collect and analysis available data, not enough time is scheduled with Top Management, and what time is available, the participants do not feel it is well spent or value added. A Top Management’s review is intended to ensure the organization’s quality management system is suitable, adequate, effective, and aligned with the strategic direction of the organization. If your management review is not effective, you can expect to have nonconformities in the fulfillment of your calibration and/or test activities. This session will provide recommendations on how to complete a management review so that the process is effective in both function and time, and participants feel the process if value added to the organization while meeting the documented requirements of ISO 9001:2015, ISO/IEC 17025:2017, ANSI-NCSL Z540-1:1994 (2002), ANSI-NCSL Z540-3 2006 and any your accrediting body. Advice on a management review schedule, template, documentation, and follow-up action management will be shared. Participants will have the opportunity to interact throughout this interactive workshop and offer their ideas and experience so that all participants gain knowledge and learn how to prevent pitfalls and obstacles of a successful, meaningful management review. As a requirement of metrology industry Standards, management reviews are a necessity, so why not make the process effective and value added to your organization?","PeriodicalId":120844,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2018","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124587830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.51843/wsproceedings.2018.11
Keisuke Hieda
In recent years, an increasing number of displays have been adopting lasers to benefit from their high color reproducibility, enhanced energy efficiency and small size. As the use of lasers in displays is growing, the demand for precise measurement of their chromaticity and photometric quantity is rising in order for manufacturers to ensure their display quality. However, tristimulus-value direct-reading method, which has been a commonly-used measurement method in the optical industry, cannot meet the required chromaticity accuracy of ±0.0150 due to lasers’ extremely narrow spectra. To solve the measurement problem, we propose a new measurement method developed for laser displays, which is called the discrete centroid wavelength method (DCWM). The DCWM calculates chromaticity and photometric quantity based on the centroid wavelength and radiometric quantity of lasers, which is a different measurement principle from the tristimulus-value direct-reading method. Our numerical analysis which simulated measurements of red, green and blue lasers by the DCWM showed that the DCWM has a chromaticity accuracy of 0.0065 and meets the required accuracy. We concluded that the DCWM is an appropriate measurement method for laser displays.
{"title":"A Measurement Method for Chromaticity and Photometric Quantity of Laser Displays","authors":"Keisuke Hieda","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2018.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2018.11","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, an increasing number of displays have been adopting lasers to benefit from their high color reproducibility, enhanced energy efficiency and small size. As the use of lasers in displays is growing, the demand for precise measurement of their chromaticity and photometric quantity is rising in order for manufacturers to ensure their display quality. However, tristimulus-value direct-reading method, which has been a commonly-used measurement method in the optical industry, cannot meet the required chromaticity accuracy of ±0.0150 due to lasers’ extremely narrow spectra. To solve the measurement problem, we propose a new measurement method developed for laser displays, which is called the discrete centroid wavelength method (DCWM). The DCWM calculates chromaticity and photometric quantity based on the centroid wavelength and radiometric quantity of lasers, which is a different measurement principle from the tristimulus-value direct-reading method. Our numerical analysis which simulated measurements of red, green and blue lasers by the DCWM showed that the DCWM has a chromaticity accuracy of 0.0065 and meets the required accuracy. We concluded that the DCWM is an appropriate measurement method for laser displays.","PeriodicalId":120844,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2018","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130680777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.51843/wsproceedings.2018.43
Cory R. Peters
In the time of continued cost savings and efficiency building, our laboratory built a sophisticated system for sharing large amounts of shared equipment across a widely spread fleet. After years of successfully implementing this program and software, we have begun to pull other logistical controlled systems and testing into the process. Our company now deploys Drones used for testing and analysis throughout our sites through this shared governance program. Not only does this system coordinate the shipment of the units themselves (whether it is Measuring and Test Equipment or Drones), it helps coordinate the pilots and engineers analyzing the data when using the Drones. Now that our system has proven to be effective for situations other than test equipment, we are leveraging it to manage many more items throughout our fleet and beyond. This paper will discuss the details of the shared inventory concept and how it was leveraged for the work beyond metrology.
{"title":"True Logistical Control Leveraging a Cost Savings Shared Inventory System to Logistical Control of Drones","authors":"Cory R. Peters","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2018.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2018.43","url":null,"abstract":"In the time of continued cost savings and efficiency building, our laboratory built a sophisticated system for sharing large amounts of shared equipment across a widely spread fleet. After years of successfully implementing this program and software, we have begun to pull other logistical controlled systems and testing into the process. Our company now deploys Drones used for testing and analysis throughout our sites through this shared governance program. Not only does this system coordinate the shipment of the units themselves (whether it is Measuring and Test Equipment or Drones), it helps coordinate the pilots and engineers analyzing the data when using the Drones. Now that our system has proven to be effective for situations other than test equipment, we are leveraging it to manage many more items throughout our fleet and beyond. This paper will discuss the details of the shared inventory concept and how it was leveraged for the work beyond metrology.","PeriodicalId":120844,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2018","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130777019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.51843/wsproceedings.2018.34
J. Jiménez
There are different scientific and educational activities in which the concepts of physics can be applied to develop measurement systems that allow knowing the values of different properties for a specific purpose. Liquids have different physical and chemical properties, in this case, the physical properties, such as density, surface tension, compressibility, viscosity are of interest for different metrological activities in the same way to know some properties of solid bodies as the density is also of a very particular interest. The aforementioned characteristics have a particularity, and that is, they can be determined with the same system known as the Hydrostatic Weighing System (HWS). In the present paper we can observe the different considerations that were taken into account to assemble an HWS in the laboratory of multiple uses in the Polytechnic University of Santa Rosa Jaúregui, as well as some results when making the first measurements with the aim to use it in educational activities to prepare the students for the use of measurement systems.
{"title":"Development of a Hydrostatic Weighing System for Didactic Activities","authors":"J. Jiménez","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2018.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2018.34","url":null,"abstract":"There are different scientific and educational activities in which the concepts of physics can be applied to develop measurement systems that allow knowing the values of different properties for a specific purpose. Liquids have different physical and chemical properties, in this case, the physical properties, such as density, surface tension, compressibility, viscosity are of interest for different metrological activities in the same way to know some properties of solid bodies as the density is also of a very particular interest. The aforementioned characteristics have a particularity, and that is, they can be determined with the same system known as the Hydrostatic Weighing System (HWS). In the present paper we can observe the different considerations that were taken into account to assemble an HWS in the laboratory of multiple uses in the Polytechnic University of Santa Rosa Jaúregui, as well as some results when making the first measurements with the aim to use it in educational activities to prepare the students for the use of measurement systems.","PeriodicalId":120844,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2018","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126813452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.51843/wsproceedings.2018.23
S. Echeverría-Villagómez
The revision of the SI brings a great opportunity for many communities that make use of metrology, many times without realizing what is behind. Some of these communities are the whole society, common citizens that care for their health, safety and the environment; sellers-consumers; industry and enterprises; and the knowledge communities such as universities and research centers. This paper has to do with the meaning of the revision made to the SI by the scientific community and so, it is mostly of the interest of the last group, universities, engineering-science schools and research centers. The construction of the SI as a concept, or a system of concepts, clearly obeys the fundamental principles of formal science: the search for unity, totality and simplicity. From that standpoint, it is fairly easy to see how the development of the different disciplines in science have evolved together with the branches of metrology: classical mechanics with weights, length and time; electromagnetical theory with the electrical units of charge, current and tension; thermal sciences with the kelvin; chemistry with the mol; light with the candela… Are all of these necessary and independent to allow us understand and explain nature? Is this a ´generating set’ of vectors that has the scientific qualities of being all comprehensive and with the minimum expression? And what about the technological-material realizations of those concepts? Because measurement is the fundamental link that connects facts to theory. Without any of those anchors, there is no measurement. So, theoretical models have to be clearly understood by metrologists, as well as the practical means to materialize and demonstrate such theories, within certain values and margins of uncertainty. The paper analyses these questions and, knowing that ´the history of science is a succession or decreasing errors’ (F. Engels), makes a deep reflection on the parallel evolution of metrology with science and posts a proposal on how it could be taught in science and engineering universities to enrich their curricula.
{"title":"The SI Revisited by Universities","authors":"S. Echeverría-Villagómez","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2018.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2018.23","url":null,"abstract":"The revision of the SI brings a great opportunity for many communities that make use of metrology, many times without realizing what is behind. Some of these communities are the whole society, common citizens that care for their health, safety and the environment; sellers-consumers; industry and enterprises; and the knowledge communities such as universities and research centers. This paper has to do with the meaning of the revision made to the SI by the scientific community and so, it is mostly of the interest of the last group, universities, engineering-science schools and research centers. The construction of the SI as a concept, or a system of concepts, clearly obeys the fundamental principles of formal science: the search for unity, totality and simplicity. From that standpoint, it is fairly easy to see how the development of the different disciplines in science have evolved together with the branches of metrology: classical mechanics with weights, length and time; electromagnetical theory with the electrical units of charge, current and tension; thermal sciences with the kelvin; chemistry with the mol; light with the candela… Are all of these necessary and independent to allow us understand and explain nature? Is this a ´generating set’ of vectors that has the scientific qualities of being all comprehensive and with the minimum expression? And what about the technological-material realizations of those concepts? Because measurement is the fundamental link that connects facts to theory. Without any of those anchors, there is no measurement. So, theoretical models have to be clearly understood by metrologists, as well as the practical means to materialize and demonstrate such theories, within certain values and margins of uncertainty. The paper analyses these questions and, knowing that ´the history of science is a succession or decreasing errors’ (F. Engels), makes a deep reflection on the parallel evolution of metrology with science and posts a proposal on how it could be taught in science and engineering universities to enrich their curricula.","PeriodicalId":120844,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2018","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121074487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.51843/wsproceedings.2018.28
M. Mende
Pressure transducers are frequently used in dynamic environments such as combustion engines, aerospace applications or industrial process control. Like for every measurement task it is essential to know the uncertainty of the obtained measurement result, even in a dynamic environment. Therefore it is remarkable that there is no traceable standardized method to quantify the frequency response of a pressure transducer. Due to this lack of investigation methods the authors have made an effort to develop a primary method to calibrate pressure transducers dynamically. This method allows to measure the frequency response with sufficient pressure amplitudes up to 1 MPa in a frequency range up to 10 kHz. In the paper the pistonphone based apparatus is presented. This pressure generator compresses a liquid by a piston. The fundamental idea is to determine the pressure rise of the employed fluid primarily by measuring the movement of the piston. Therefore the mass balance is applied to the device and leads to Ṗ=KA Ẋ/V0 Where Ṗ is the dynamic pressure, K is the bulk modulus, A is the area of the piston, V0 is the initial volume of the fluid and Ẋ is the velocity of the piston. The frequency response of the transducer is then calculated by (f)=U(f) Ṗ(f)Where U(f) is the frequency dependent output of the transducer. Besides a detailed discussion of the apparatus, the paper includes the investigation of the measurement uncertainty. Namely the uncertainty contribution of the piston area A, the initial volume V0 and the deviation between an iso-thermal bulk modulus K at low frequencies and the adiabatic bulk modulus at higher frequencies. Furthermore first measurement results will be presented, which confirm the test setup and the primary approach to measuring the frequency response.
{"title":"Primary Sinusoidal Calibration of Pressure Transducers","authors":"M. Mende","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2018.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2018.28","url":null,"abstract":"Pressure transducers are frequently used in dynamic environments such as combustion engines, aerospace applications or industrial process control. Like for every measurement task it is essential to know the uncertainty of the obtained measurement result, even in a dynamic environment. Therefore it is remarkable that there is no traceable standardized method to quantify the frequency response of a pressure transducer. Due to this lack of investigation methods the authors have made an effort to develop a primary method to calibrate pressure transducers dynamically. This method allows to measure the frequency response with sufficient pressure amplitudes up to 1 MPa in a frequency range up to 10 kHz. In the paper the pistonphone based apparatus is presented. This pressure generator compresses a liquid by a piston. The fundamental idea is to determine the pressure rise of the employed fluid primarily by measuring the movement of the piston. Therefore the mass balance is applied to the device and leads to Ṗ=KA Ẋ/V0 Where Ṗ is the dynamic pressure, K is the bulk modulus, A is the area of the piston, V0 is the initial volume of the fluid and Ẋ is the velocity of the piston. The frequency response of the transducer is then calculated by (f)=U(f) Ṗ(f)Where U(f) is the frequency dependent output of the transducer. Besides a detailed discussion of the apparatus, the paper includes the investigation of the measurement uncertainty. Namely the uncertainty contribution of the piston area A, the initial volume V0 and the deviation between an iso-thermal bulk modulus K at low frequencies and the adiabatic bulk modulus at higher frequencies. Furthermore first measurement results will be presented, which confirm the test setup and the primary approach to measuring the frequency response.","PeriodicalId":120844,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2018","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121047191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.51843/wsproceedings.2018.33
T. Kegel
The topic of this paper is a liquid nitrogen flow calibration facility owned by NIST and operated by CEESI. The paper begins with a description of the components and operating procedures including recent improvements as well as future plans. The discussion continues with a summary of the uncertainty component. A detailed review identified key components that require additional data and analysis; several test programs under consideration are described. The paper concludes with a discussion of past and potential future applications. While the turbine meter represents the typical meter under calibration, the newer Coriolis technology is advancing in the market. The traditional client industries continue to be aerospace and gas processing with new calibration opportunities resulting from the rapid growth of LNG (liquefied natural gas) transportation and fuel.
{"title":"NIST/CEESI Liquid Nitorgen Facility","authors":"T. Kegel","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2018.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2018.33","url":null,"abstract":"The topic of this paper is a liquid nitrogen flow calibration facility owned by NIST and operated by CEESI. The paper begins with a description of the components and operating procedures including recent improvements as well as future plans. The discussion continues with a summary of the uncertainty component. A detailed review identified key components that require additional data and analysis; several test programs under consideration are described. The paper concludes with a discussion of past and potential future applications. While the turbine meter represents the typical meter under calibration, the newer Coriolis technology is advancing in the market. The traditional client industries continue to be aerospace and gas processing with new calibration opportunities resulting from the rapid growth of LNG (liquefied natural gas) transportation and fuel.","PeriodicalId":120844,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2018","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115365881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.51843/wsproceedings.2018.24
Travis Fletcher
The aim of this report is to analyze measurements of screw threads and thread gaging against specification requirements. The purpose is to not only communicate proper techniques, methods, and technologies, but also to present this information in a clear and concise manner that can be understood by manufacturers of threaded components, calibration laboratories, gage manufacturers, and advisory committees for screw thread specifications. The primary intent of the studies and information contained in this document is to open up a dialog between all parties involved in thread measurement and gaging to address a fundamental problem that has been discovered regarding adjustable thread ring gages and their applicable specifications. To perform the studies, thread set plugs were analyzed using the traditional super micrometer and 3-wire methods while thread ring gages were analyzed using the traditional set plug methods. These measurement results were then compared to results obtained using the newer technology of contact scanning. The results of these studies have indicated that it is very unlikely that adjustable thread ring gages are capable meeting dimensional specifications. In one portion of this study, a sample of 30 adjustable thread ring gages were measured using the contact scanning method. Of these samples none were found to meet specifications. In another portion of this study adjustable thread ring gages were properly set to the correlating thread set plugs. When measured using the contact scanner method the rings were found out of tolerance to specified requirements. The samples of adjustable thread rings were found out of tolerance for all pitch diameter measurements. After several unsuccessful attempts to adjust the pitch diameters into tolerance while keeping the minor diameters in tolerance, it was concluded that the closer the pitch diameter reading got to meeting the defined specifications, the rings would no longer thread onto the thread set plug correctly. With recent technological advances in measurement and this information being presented along with further studies in process, it is absolutely critical that specifications on thread ring gages be reviewed and reconsidered. It doesn't make any sense to have specifications that can not be achieved.
{"title":"The Fundamental Problem in Thread Gaging and Thread Gage Measurement","authors":"Travis Fletcher","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2018.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2018.24","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this report is to analyze measurements of screw threads and thread gaging against specification requirements. The purpose is to not only communicate proper techniques, methods, and technologies, but also to present this information in a clear and concise manner that can be understood by manufacturers of threaded components, calibration laboratories, gage manufacturers, and advisory committees for screw thread specifications. The primary intent of the studies and information contained in this document is to open up a dialog between all parties involved in thread measurement and gaging to address a fundamental problem that has been discovered regarding adjustable thread ring gages and their applicable specifications. To perform the studies, thread set plugs were analyzed using the traditional super micrometer and 3-wire methods while thread ring gages were analyzed using the traditional set plug methods. These measurement results were then compared to results obtained using the newer technology of contact scanning. The results of these studies have indicated that it is very unlikely that adjustable thread ring gages are capable meeting dimensional specifications. In one portion of this study, a sample of 30 adjustable thread ring gages were measured using the contact scanning method. Of these samples none were found to meet specifications. In another portion of this study adjustable thread ring gages were properly set to the correlating thread set plugs. When measured using the contact scanner method the rings were found out of tolerance to specified requirements. The samples of adjustable thread rings were found out of tolerance for all pitch diameter measurements. After several unsuccessful attempts to adjust the pitch diameters into tolerance while keeping the minor diameters in tolerance, it was concluded that the closer the pitch diameter reading got to meeting the defined specifications, the rings would no longer thread onto the thread set plug correctly. With recent technological advances in measurement and this information being presented along with further studies in process, it is absolutely critical that specifications on thread ring gages be reviewed and reconsidered. It doesn't make any sense to have specifications that can not be achieved.","PeriodicalId":120844,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2018","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123098011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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