Acari is a diverse group of arthropods that include well-known parasites of animals. Rodents, particularly, serve as common hosts of mites and ticks, transmitting pathogens to domestic animals and humans. Understanding the ecological dynamics between parasites and rodent hosts is crucial for ecosystem management. Due to limited knowledge about the life history of ectoparasites in wild mouse nests, we collected four nests of Apodemus speciosus, the most common rodent species in the wild areas of Japan, along with soil samples near the nests to study arthropod communities. Mites overwhelmingly populated the mouse nests, comprising approximately 90% of all arthropods, while both mites and collembolans were prevalent in soil. Various species identified in our study, such as those from the families Laelapidae, Pygmephoridae, Cheyletidae, Trombiculidae, Glycyphagidae, and Thyrisomidae align with known ectoparasites or species found in the nests of other rodent species, but most parasitic species were never collected in the surrounding soil except for trombiculids. The dominance of mites in mouse nests suggests selective preference for inhabiting these host environments, although the exact reasons driving this dominance remain unclear. Further investigations into the food web within mouse nests will aid in characterising faunal composition and understanding the ecological interaction among rodents, mites, and other nest symbionts.
{"title":"Mite composition in nests of the Japanese wood mouse, Apodemus speciosus (Rodentia: Muridae).","authors":"Kimiko Okabe, Saori Fujii, Shun'ichi Makino, Kandai Doi, Shoko Nakamura, Takashi Saitoh, Takuya Shimada","doi":"10.1007/s10493-024-00959-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-024-00959-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acari is a diverse group of arthropods that include well-known parasites of animals. Rodents, particularly, serve as common hosts of mites and ticks, transmitting pathogens to domestic animals and humans. Understanding the ecological dynamics between parasites and rodent hosts is crucial for ecosystem management. Due to limited knowledge about the life history of ectoparasites in wild mouse nests, we collected four nests of Apodemus speciosus, the most common rodent species in the wild areas of Japan, along with soil samples near the nests to study arthropod communities. Mites overwhelmingly populated the mouse nests, comprising approximately 90% of all arthropods, while both mites and collembolans were prevalent in soil. Various species identified in our study, such as those from the families Laelapidae, Pygmephoridae, Cheyletidae, Trombiculidae, Glycyphagidae, and Thyrisomidae align with known ectoparasites or species found in the nests of other rodent species, but most parasitic species were never collected in the surrounding soil except for trombiculids. The dominance of mites in mouse nests suggests selective preference for inhabiting these host environments, although the exact reasons driving this dominance remain unclear. Further investigations into the food web within mouse nests will aid in characterising faunal composition and understanding the ecological interaction among rodents, mites, and other nest symbionts.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142105779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1007/s10493-024-00954-z
Satsuki Ikeda, Yuya Inoue, Yume Imada
The genus Eustigmaeus Berlese, 1910 represents the unique phytophagous group within the superfamily Raphignathoidea. Four species within this genus have been known to inhabit mosses and feed on them as larvae, nymphs, and adults. However, the interactions with mosses have remained poorly understood. In order to reveal the diversity and host-plant use of the moss-feeding species, we conducted an extensive field study in Japan. This study revealed an array of moss-feeding species inhabiting various moss species, with 10 morphologically distinctive species newly documented in Japan. Through DNA barcoding based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences, these morphospecies were recovered as distinct entities. Notably, the host-plant use of four species was elucidated. Among these, Eustigmaeus sp. 9 exhibited polyphagy, while three species (Eustigmaeus spp. 1-3) demonstrated varying degrees of host specificity, each using moss species from the Hypnales, Philonotis, and Dicranidae, respectively. While a few moss-feeding species were frequently found in the same geographic area, more than one species rarely co-occurred within the same moss colonies. Eustigmaeus offers a unique study system, with its diverse moss-feeding species and indications of specific host plant use. Consequently, the moss-feeding Eustigmaeus serves as a valuable model for exploring the macroevolutionary patterns underlying diversification in moss-feeding arthropods.
{"title":"Unveiled species diversity of moss-feeding mites (Stigmaeidae: Eustigmaeus): a research on their distribution, habitat, and host plant use in Japan.","authors":"Satsuki Ikeda, Yuya Inoue, Yume Imada","doi":"10.1007/s10493-024-00954-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-024-00954-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus Eustigmaeus Berlese, 1910 represents the unique phytophagous group within the superfamily Raphignathoidea. Four species within this genus have been known to inhabit mosses and feed on them as larvae, nymphs, and adults. However, the interactions with mosses have remained poorly understood. In order to reveal the diversity and host-plant use of the moss-feeding species, we conducted an extensive field study in Japan. This study revealed an array of moss-feeding species inhabiting various moss species, with 10 morphologically distinctive species newly documented in Japan. Through DNA barcoding based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences, these morphospecies were recovered as distinct entities. Notably, the host-plant use of four species was elucidated. Among these, Eustigmaeus sp. 9 exhibited polyphagy, while three species (Eustigmaeus spp. 1-3) demonstrated varying degrees of host specificity, each using moss species from the Hypnales, Philonotis, and Dicranidae, respectively. While a few moss-feeding species were frequently found in the same geographic area, more than one species rarely co-occurred within the same moss colonies. Eustigmaeus offers a unique study system, with its diverse moss-feeding species and indications of specific host plant use. Consequently, the moss-feeding Eustigmaeus serves as a valuable model for exploring the macroevolutionary patterns underlying diversification in moss-feeding arthropods.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142016860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-16DOI: 10.1007/s10493-024-00956-x
Shuo Gao, Yue-Di Niu, Lei Chen, Meng-Fei Chen, Xiao-Li Bing, Xiao-Yue Hong
The two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch, TSSM) is recognized as one of the most problematic spider mite pests. However, the precise gene expression patterns across its key developmental stages remain elusive. Here, we performed a comprehensive transcriptome analysis of TSSM eggs, nymphs and adult females using publicly available RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data to elucidate the overarching transcriptomic differences between these developmental stages. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis unveiled distinct separations among samples across different developmental stages, regardless of their Wolbachia infection status. Differential expression analysis revealed 4,089,2,762, and 1,282 core genes specifically enriched in eggs, nymphs, and adults, respectively. KEGG and GO enrichment analyses showed upregulation of genes in eggs are associated with proteolysis, Wnt signaling pathway, DNA transcription, RNA biosynthetic and metabolic processes, as well as protein folding, sorting, and degradation pathways. Meanwhile, nymphs exhibited increased abundance of genes related to chitin/amino sugar metabolic processes, G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathways, monoatomic ion transport, and neurotransmitter transport pathways. Pathways involving sphingolipid and carbohydrate metabolic processes, proteolysis, lipid transport, and localization were particularly enriched in older females. Altogether, our findings suggest that the egg stage exhibits higher activity in cell differentiation processes, the nymph stage is more involved in chitin development, and the adult stage shows increased metabolic and reproductive activity. This study enhances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying TSSM development and paves the way for further research into the intricate physiological processes of TSSM.
{"title":"Transcriptomic landscapes reveal development-related physiological processes in the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae.","authors":"Shuo Gao, Yue-Di Niu, Lei Chen, Meng-Fei Chen, Xiao-Li Bing, Xiao-Yue Hong","doi":"10.1007/s10493-024-00956-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-024-00956-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch, TSSM) is recognized as one of the most problematic spider mite pests. However, the precise gene expression patterns across its key developmental stages remain elusive. Here, we performed a comprehensive transcriptome analysis of TSSM eggs, nymphs and adult females using publicly available RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data to elucidate the overarching transcriptomic differences between these developmental stages. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis unveiled distinct separations among samples across different developmental stages, regardless of their Wolbachia infection status. Differential expression analysis revealed 4,089,2,762, and 1,282 core genes specifically enriched in eggs, nymphs, and adults, respectively. KEGG and GO enrichment analyses showed upregulation of genes in eggs are associated with proteolysis, Wnt signaling pathway, DNA transcription, RNA biosynthetic and metabolic processes, as well as protein folding, sorting, and degradation pathways. Meanwhile, nymphs exhibited increased abundance of genes related to chitin/amino sugar metabolic processes, G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathways, monoatomic ion transport, and neurotransmitter transport pathways. Pathways involving sphingolipid and carbohydrate metabolic processes, proteolysis, lipid transport, and localization were particularly enriched in older females. Altogether, our findings suggest that the egg stage exhibits higher activity in cell differentiation processes, the nymph stage is more involved in chitin development, and the adult stage shows increased metabolic and reproductive activity. This study enhances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying TSSM development and paves the way for further research into the intricate physiological processes of TSSM.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141987641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phytoseiid mites have been frequently found in association with the lychee erinose mite, Aceria litchii, on lychee plants in Brazil, suggesting that they are promising candidates as biological control agents against this pest. Here, we investigated whether phytoseiids would suppress A. litchii infestation, i.e. formation of erinea, on lychee plants under field conditions. Four groups of A. litchii-infested plants were randomly distributed in the field, with each group receiving either Phytoseius intermedius, Amblyseius herbicolus, A. herbicolus supplemented with cattail pollen or no predator. During a three-month period, the released predators, along with others present in the surrounding environment, were allowed to freely walk among all plants. In each plant, we evaluated the occurrence of phytoseiid species, their abundance, and the dynamics of erinea formation. A total of 2,097 mites, including 13 other phytoseiid species were identified. The most abundant species were Iphiseiodes zuluagai and Euseius ho, rather than the two predator species that were released. A. herbicolus and P. intermedius failed to establish populations in the majority of the plants, regardless of the presence of pollen, suggesting their ineffectiveness in controlling A. litchii infestations. While there was a significant difference in the proportion of erinea among the four treatments, this contrast was not associated with the presence of phytoseiids, suggesting that other factors might have hindered erinea formation on lychee plants. The reasons behind this outcome are further explored and discussed.
{"title":"First trials exploring the potential of phytoseiid mites in managing lychee erinose mite, Aceria litchii (Keifer) (Acari: Eriophyidae), infestations on lychee plants.","authors":"Célia Siqueira Ferraz, Livia Maria Silva Ataide, Manoel Guedes Correa Gondim, Angelo Pallini","doi":"10.1007/s10493-024-00939-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-024-00939-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phytoseiid mites have been frequently found in association with the lychee erinose mite, Aceria litchii, on lychee plants in Brazil, suggesting that they are promising candidates as biological control agents against this pest. Here, we investigated whether phytoseiids would suppress A. litchii infestation, i.e. formation of erinea, on lychee plants under field conditions. Four groups of A. litchii-infested plants were randomly distributed in the field, with each group receiving either Phytoseius intermedius, Amblyseius herbicolus, A. herbicolus supplemented with cattail pollen or no predator. During a three-month period, the released predators, along with others present in the surrounding environment, were allowed to freely walk among all plants. In each plant, we evaluated the occurrence of phytoseiid species, their abundance, and the dynamics of erinea formation. A total of 2,097 mites, including 13 other phytoseiid species were identified. The most abundant species were Iphiseiodes zuluagai and Euseius ho, rather than the two predator species that were released. A. herbicolus and P. intermedius failed to establish populations in the majority of the plants, regardless of the presence of pollen, suggesting their ineffectiveness in controlling A. litchii infestations. While there was a significant difference in the proportion of erinea among the four treatments, this contrast was not associated with the presence of phytoseiids, suggesting that other factors might have hindered erinea formation on lychee plants. The reasons behind this outcome are further explored and discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141534006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-06-13DOI: 10.1007/s10493-024-00926-3
Patrice Jacob Savi, Gilberto José de Moraes, Fabien Cossi Charles Hountondji, Christian Nansen, Daniel Júnior de Andrade
Phytoseiulus longipes is a predatory mite of Tetranychus evansi, which is an invasive pest in Africa and elsewhere. The introduction of this predator in Africa has considerable potential, but little is known about the compatibility of P. longipes with commonly used pesticides. Here, we examined lethal and sublethal effects of two pyrethroids (cypermethrin and deltamethrin), two organophosphates (dimethoate and chlorpyrifos), one nicotinoid (imidacloprid), two acaricides (propargite and abamectin), two naturally derived pesticides (oxymatrine and azadirachtin), and one entomopathogenic fungal-based formulation (Hirsutella thompsonii) on P. longipes eggs and adults. The pesticides were sprayed at their maximum recommended concentrations. Topical exposures to azadirachtin, imidacloprid, propargite, abamectin, oxymatrine, and H. thompsonii significantly reduced the net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ)of P. longipes. Pesticide lethal and sublethal effects on the predator were summarized in a reduction coefficient (Ex) for the classification based on IOBC toxicity categories. Results revealed that Azadirachtin and H. thompsonii were slightly harmful effects to adults. Imidacloprid, propargite, abamectin, and oxymatrine were moderately harmful to both eggs and adults. Residual persistence bioassays revealed that 4-day-old residue of azadirachtin had no harmful effect on the predator. Abamectin, oxymatrine, and H. thompsonii became harmless to it 10 days post-spraying, and propargite and imidacloprid were considered harmless after 20 days. Cypermethrin, deltamethrin, dimethoate, and chlorpyrifos were highly harmful to both eggs and adults, persistence remaining high even after 31 days of application. These findings provide valuable insights into decision-making when considering P. longipes for use in IPM programs.
Phytoseiulus longipes 是一种捕食 Tetranychus evansi 的螨虫,Tetranychus evansi 是非洲和其他地区的入侵害虫。在非洲引进这种捕食螨具有相当大的潜力,但人们对 P. longipes 与常用杀虫剂的相容性知之甚少。在这里,我们研究了两种拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂(氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯)、两种有机磷类杀虫剂(乐果和毒死蜱)、一种烟碱类杀虫剂(吡虫啉)、两种杀螨剂(丙炔螨酯和阿维菌素)、两种天然衍生杀虫剂(氧化苦参碱和氮芥)以及一种昆虫病原真菌制剂(Hirsutella thompsonii)对长喙蝇卵和成虫的致死和亚致死影响。卵和成虫。这些杀虫剂均以其最大推荐浓度喷洒。局部接触唑虫啉、吡虫啉、丙炔螨特、阿维菌素、氧化苦参碱和 H. thompsonii 能显著降低长尾蚜的净繁殖率(R0)、内在增长率(r)和有限增长率(λ)。农药对捕食者的致死和亚致死效应以降低系数(Ex)进行总结,并根据 IOBC 毒性类别进行分类。结果显示,Azadirachtin 和 H. thompsonii 对成虫有轻微危害。吡虫啉、丙炔菊酯、阿维菌素和氧化苦参碱对卵和成虫均有中度危害。残留持久性生物测定显示,残留 4 天的唑虫啉对捕食者没有有害影响。阿维菌素、氧化乐果和 H. thompsonii 在喷洒后 10 天变得对其无害,丙炔菊酯和吡虫啉在 20 天后被认为无害。氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、乐果和毒死蜱对虫卵和成虫都非常有害,甚至在施药 31 天后仍具有很高的持久性。这些发现为在虫害综合防治计划中考虑使用长蚜虫时的决策提供了宝贵的见解。
{"title":"Compatibility of synthetic and biological pesticides with a biocontrol agent Phytoseiulus longipes (Acari: Phytoseiidae).","authors":"Patrice Jacob Savi, Gilberto José de Moraes, Fabien Cossi Charles Hountondji, Christian Nansen, Daniel Júnior de Andrade","doi":"10.1007/s10493-024-00926-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-024-00926-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phytoseiulus longipes is a predatory mite of Tetranychus evansi, which is an invasive pest in Africa and elsewhere. The introduction of this predator in Africa has considerable potential, but little is known about the compatibility of P. longipes with commonly used pesticides. Here, we examined lethal and sublethal effects of two pyrethroids (cypermethrin and deltamethrin), two organophosphates (dimethoate and chlorpyrifos), one nicotinoid (imidacloprid), two acaricides (propargite and abamectin), two naturally derived pesticides (oxymatrine and azadirachtin), and one entomopathogenic fungal-based formulation (Hirsutella thompsonii) on P. longipes eggs and adults. The pesticides were sprayed at their maximum recommended concentrations. Topical exposures to azadirachtin, imidacloprid, propargite, abamectin, oxymatrine, and H. thompsonii significantly reduced the net reproductive rate (R<sub>0</sub>), intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ)of P. longipes. Pesticide lethal and sublethal effects on the predator were summarized in a reduction coefficient (E<sub>x</sub>) for the classification based on IOBC toxicity categories. Results revealed that Azadirachtin and H. thompsonii were slightly harmful effects to adults. Imidacloprid, propargite, abamectin, and oxymatrine were moderately harmful to both eggs and adults. Residual persistence bioassays revealed that 4-day-old residue of azadirachtin had no harmful effect on the predator. Abamectin, oxymatrine, and H. thompsonii became harmless to it 10 days post-spraying, and propargite and imidacloprid were considered harmless after 20 days. Cypermethrin, deltamethrin, dimethoate, and chlorpyrifos were highly harmful to both eggs and adults, persistence remaining high even after 31 days of application. These findings provide valuable insights into decision-making when considering P. longipes for use in IPM programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11269511/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141310432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-06-27DOI: 10.1007/s10493-024-00934-3
Vanessa Rüster, Henrik Werner, Georg Avramidis, Stephan Wieneke, Christina Strube, Christian Schnabel, Thomas Bartels
Dermanyssus gallinae, the poultry red mite (PRM), is a hematophagous temporary ectoparasite that causes serious economic losses and animal health impairment on laying hen farms worldwide. Control is limited by the parasite's hidden lifestyle, restrictions on the use of chemical acaricides and the development of resistance against certain drug classes. As a result, research was conducted to explore alternative control methods. In recent years, atmospheric pressure plasma has been increasingly reported as an alternative to chemical acaricides for pest control. This physical method has also shown promising against PRM under laboratory conditions. However, the detailed mechanisms of action have not yet been elucidated. In the present study, the effects of cold atmospheric pressure plasma on PRM were investigated using digital videography and optical coherence tomography (OCT), an imaging technique that visualizes the topography of surfaces and internal structures. Digital videography showed that a redistribution of the contents of the intestinal tract and excretory organs (Malpighian tubules) occurred immediately after plasma exposure. The body fluids reached the distal leg segments of PRM and parts of the haemocoel showed whiter and denser clumps, indicating a coagulation of the haemocoel components. OCT showed a loss of the boundaries of the hollow organs in transverse and sagittal sectional images as well as in the three-dimensional image reconstruction. In addition, a dorso-ventral shrinkage of the idiosoma was observed in plasma-exposed mites, which had shrunk to 44.0% of its original height six minutes after plasma exposure.
{"title":"Morphological changes in plasma-exposed poultry red mites (Dermanyssus gallinae) using high-resolution video camera and optical coherence tomography (OCT).","authors":"Vanessa Rüster, Henrik Werner, Georg Avramidis, Stephan Wieneke, Christina Strube, Christian Schnabel, Thomas Bartels","doi":"10.1007/s10493-024-00934-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-024-00934-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dermanyssus gallinae, the poultry red mite (PRM), is a hematophagous temporary ectoparasite that causes serious economic losses and animal health impairment on laying hen farms worldwide. Control is limited by the parasite's hidden lifestyle, restrictions on the use of chemical acaricides and the development of resistance against certain drug classes. As a result, research was conducted to explore alternative control methods. In recent years, atmospheric pressure plasma has been increasingly reported as an alternative to chemical acaricides for pest control. This physical method has also shown promising against PRM under laboratory conditions. However, the detailed mechanisms of action have not yet been elucidated. In the present study, the effects of cold atmospheric pressure plasma on PRM were investigated using digital videography and optical coherence tomography (OCT), an imaging technique that visualizes the topography of surfaces and internal structures. Digital videography showed that a redistribution of the contents of the intestinal tract and excretory organs (Malpighian tubules) occurred immediately after plasma exposure. The body fluids reached the distal leg segments of PRM and parts of the haemocoel showed whiter and denser clumps, indicating a coagulation of the haemocoel components. OCT showed a loss of the boundaries of the hollow organs in transverse and sagittal sectional images as well as in the three-dimensional image reconstruction. In addition, a dorso-ventral shrinkage of the idiosoma was observed in plasma-exposed mites, which had shrunk to 44.0% of its original height six minutes after plasma exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11269420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141467183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-06-18DOI: 10.1007/s10493-024-00936-1
André S Melo, Antônio A Paz-Neto, José W S Melo, Manoel G C Gondim-Junior
Direct and indirect ecological interactions, environmental factors, and the phenology of host plants can shape the way mites interact. These relationships interfere with species occurrence and consequently alter the structure and stability of the intraplant community. As predatory mites act as regulators of herbivorous mites, we hypothesized that these mites may occupy a central position in a network of interactions among mite species associated with mango trees, and the occurrence of these species is mediated by environmental variables and the phenological stage of the host plant. We evaluated the global structure of the interaction network of mites associated with individual Mangifera indica plants and analyzed the interspecific relationships of the species using an undirected Bayesian network approach. Additionally, we observed a correlation between mite population density and plant phenological stage. Environmental variables, such as average monthly temperature, monthly precipitation, and average monthly relative humidity at different sampling date were used in the correlation analysis. The modularity at the mite-plant network level showed a low specialization index H2 = 0.073 (generalist) and high robustness (R = 0.93). Network analysis revealed that Amblyseius largoensis, Bdella ueckermanni, Parapronematus acaciae, and Tuckerella ornata occupied central positions in the assembly of mites occurring on mango trees. Environmental variables, average monthly temperature, and monthly precipitation were correlated with the occurrence of Brachytydeus formosa, Cisaberoptus kenyae, Oligonychus punicae, T. ornata, and Vilaia pamithus. We also observed a correlation between the plant phenological stage and population densities of Neoseiulus houstoni, O. punicae, P. acaciae, and V. pamithus.
{"title":"Interspecific interaction network of mites associated with mango trees.","authors":"André S Melo, Antônio A Paz-Neto, José W S Melo, Manoel G C Gondim-Junior","doi":"10.1007/s10493-024-00936-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-024-00936-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Direct and indirect ecological interactions, environmental factors, and the phenology of host plants can shape the way mites interact. These relationships interfere with species occurrence and consequently alter the structure and stability of the intraplant community. As predatory mites act as regulators of herbivorous mites, we hypothesized that these mites may occupy a central position in a network of interactions among mite species associated with mango trees, and the occurrence of these species is mediated by environmental variables and the phenological stage of the host plant. We evaluated the global structure of the interaction network of mites associated with individual Mangifera indica plants and analyzed the interspecific relationships of the species using an undirected Bayesian network approach. Additionally, we observed a correlation between mite population density and plant phenological stage. Environmental variables, such as average monthly temperature, monthly precipitation, and average monthly relative humidity at different sampling date were used in the correlation analysis. The modularity at the mite-plant network level showed a low specialization index H<sub>2</sub> = 0.073 (generalist) and high robustness (R = 0.93). Network analysis revealed that Amblyseius largoensis, Bdella ueckermanni, Parapronematus acaciae, and Tuckerella ornata occupied central positions in the assembly of mites occurring on mango trees. Environmental variables, average monthly temperature, and monthly precipitation were correlated with the occurrence of Brachytydeus formosa, Cisaberoptus kenyae, Oligonychus punicae, T. ornata, and Vilaia pamithus. We also observed a correlation between the plant phenological stage and population densities of Neoseiulus houstoni, O. punicae, P. acaciae, and V. pamithus.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141418463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-07-09DOI: 10.1007/s10493-024-00942-3
Jaime Alcalá-Gómez, Gabriela Alcalá-Gómez, Karol Georgina Balleza-Díaz Barriga, Ghierana de Jesus Vite-Méndez, Martha Reyes-Hernández
Rhipicephalus microplus poses a significant economic threat due to its role in transmitting Babesia bigemina, B. bovis and Anaplasma marginale. Chemical control methods, commonly employed, encounter challenges like resistance, high costs, and environmental concerns. Emerging as an alternative, entomopathogenic fungi, particularly Beauveria bassiana, present a promising avenue for biological control. Molecular identification using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8-ITS4) region ensures accurate species identification. This study investigated two B. bassiana strains, assessing their molecular characterization, impact on R. microplus mortality, and reproductive effects on adult females. The Reproductive Aptitude Index (RAI) is employed to evaluate tick egg viability post-treatment, providing insights into the potential of these fungi for tick control. Results indicate the BbLn2021-1 strain causes 96% mortality, and BbSf2021-1 induces 100% mortality. The commercial strain exhibited 28% mortality, while the control treatment showed 12%. Statistical analysis reveals a significant difference between treatments (p < 0.01). The Reproductive Efficiency Index (REI) underscores BbSf2021-1is superiority, yielding lower egg weights than other treatments. Regarding the RAI, BbLn2021-1 and BbSf2021-1 show no significant differences but differ significantly from the commercial and control (p < 0.01). These findings suggest that strains isolated and characterized from the natural environment could have potential applications in field trials, serving as a biocontrol alternative for R. microplus ticks.
Rhipicephalus microplus传播大肠包虫病、牛包虫病和边疫疟原虫,对经济造成严重威胁。通常采用的化学防治方法遇到了抗药性、高成本和环境问题等挑战。作为一种替代方法,昆虫病原真菌,尤其是 Beauveria bassiana,为生物防治提供了一种前景广阔的途径。利用内部转录间隔区(ITS1-5.8-ITS4)进行分子鉴定可确保物种鉴定的准确性。本研究调查了两种 B. bassiana 菌株,评估了它们的分子特征、对 R. microplus 死亡率的影响以及对成年雌虫的繁殖影响。采用繁殖能力指数(RAI)来评估处理后蜱卵的存活率,从而深入了解这些真菌控制蜱虫的潜力。结果表明,BbLn2021-1 菌株会导致 96% 的蜱虫死亡,BbSf2021-1 会导致 100% 的蜱虫死亡。商业菌株的死亡率为 28%,而对照处理的死亡率为 12%。统计分析显示,不同处理之间存在显著差异(p
{"title":"Beauveria bassiana native strains affect the reproductive index of Rhipicephalus microplus ticks.","authors":"Jaime Alcalá-Gómez, Gabriela Alcalá-Gómez, Karol Georgina Balleza-Díaz Barriga, Ghierana de Jesus Vite-Méndez, Martha Reyes-Hernández","doi":"10.1007/s10493-024-00942-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-024-00942-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rhipicephalus microplus poses a significant economic threat due to its role in transmitting Babesia bigemina, B. bovis and Anaplasma marginale. Chemical control methods, commonly employed, encounter challenges like resistance, high costs, and environmental concerns. Emerging as an alternative, entomopathogenic fungi, particularly Beauveria bassiana, present a promising avenue for biological control. Molecular identification using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8-ITS4) region ensures accurate species identification. This study investigated two B. bassiana strains, assessing their molecular characterization, impact on R. microplus mortality, and reproductive effects on adult females. The Reproductive Aptitude Index (RAI) is employed to evaluate tick egg viability post-treatment, providing insights into the potential of these fungi for tick control. Results indicate the BbLn2021-1 strain causes 96% mortality, and BbSf2021-1 induces 100% mortality. The commercial strain exhibited 28% mortality, while the control treatment showed 12%. Statistical analysis reveals a significant difference between treatments (p < 0.01). The Reproductive Efficiency Index (REI) underscores BbSf2021-1is superiority, yielding lower egg weights than other treatments. Regarding the RAI, BbLn2021-1 and BbSf2021-1 show no significant differences but differ significantly from the commercial and control (p < 0.01). These findings suggest that strains isolated and characterized from the natural environment could have potential applications in field trials, serving as a biocontrol alternative for R. microplus ticks.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141558387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-06-13DOI: 10.1007/s10493-024-00929-0
Moosa Saber, Batool Mokhtari
One of the most damaging pests of agricultural crops across the globe is the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch. A wide variety of arthropods and plant pathogens can be controlled by essential oils, which are secondary metabolites produced by plants. It is possible to enhance the stability as well as the anti-pest efficiency of plant essential oils by encapsulation. Water distillation was used to extract the essential oils from Eucalyptus globulus and Ferula assafoetida. The chitosan nanoparticles were used to load both essential oils into nanoformulations. Studies were conducted on T. urticae life table characteristics under experimental circumstances to determine the sublethal impacts of essential oils and their nanoformulations. Intrinsic growth rate (r) for population exposed to E. globulus, F. assafoetida essential oils, their nanoformulations and the control were 0.1, 0.069, 0.051, 0.018 and 0.21 per day, respectively. F. assafoetida and E. globulus nanoformulations resulted the lowest fecundity compared to the other treatments. According the result of the lethal and sublethal effects of purified essential oils and nanoformulations of F. assafoetida and E. globulus, they would be recommended for controlling the two-spotted spider mites, T. urticae.
双斑蜘蛛螨(Tetranychus urticae Koch)是对全球农作物危害最大的害虫之一。植物精油是植物产生的次级代谢产物,可以控制多种节肢动物和植物病原体。通过封装可以提高植物精油的稳定性和抗虫效率。我们采用水蒸馏法从蓝桉和阿魏中提取精油。壳聚糖纳米粒子用于将两种精油装入纳米制剂中。在实验条件下对荨麻蝇的生命表特征进行了研究,以确定精油及其纳米制剂的亚致死影响。暴露于球果桉树精油、白芒花精油、其纳米制剂和对照组的种群的内在生长率(r)分别为每天 0.1、0.069、0.051、0.018 和 0.21。与其他处理相比,F. assafoetida 和 E. globulus 纳米制剂的受精率最低。根据纯化的精油和 F. assafoetida 和 E. globulus 纳米制剂的致死和亚致死效果,建议将它们用于控制二斑蜘蛛螨(T. urticae)。
{"title":"Effect of Eucalyptus globulus and Ferula assafoetida essential oils and their nanoformulations on the life table parameters of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae).","authors":"Moosa Saber, Batool Mokhtari","doi":"10.1007/s10493-024-00929-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-024-00929-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the most damaging pests of agricultural crops across the globe is the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch. A wide variety of arthropods and plant pathogens can be controlled by essential oils, which are secondary metabolites produced by plants. It is possible to enhance the stability as well as the anti-pest efficiency of plant essential oils by encapsulation. Water distillation was used to extract the essential oils from Eucalyptus globulus and Ferula assafoetida. The chitosan nanoparticles were used to load both essential oils into nanoformulations. Studies were conducted on T. urticae life table characteristics under experimental circumstances to determine the sublethal impacts of essential oils and their nanoformulations. Intrinsic growth rate (r) for population exposed to E. globulus, F. assafoetida essential oils, their nanoformulations and the control were 0.1, 0.069, 0.051, 0.018 and 0.21 per day, respectively. F. assafoetida and E. globulus nanoformulations resulted the lowest fecundity compared to the other treatments. According the result of the lethal and sublethal effects of purified essential oils and nanoformulations of F. assafoetida and E. globulus, they would be recommended for controlling the two-spotted spider mites, T. urticae.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141310433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-06-18DOI: 10.1007/s10493-024-00935-2
Andrés M López-Pérez, Laura Backus, Lorenza Beati, Hans Klompen, Francesca Rubino, Janet Foley
We conducted surveillance of mammals to investigate their associations with argasid ticks and tick-borne pathogens. During 2021, a total of 20 wild carnivores and 57 lagomorphs were sampled, and 39 argasid ticks belonging to two species were collected. All mammals and ticks were tested by molecular assays to detect Borrelia and Rickettsia infections. Nine ticks identified as Otobius megnini were collected from two coyotes (Canis latrans) and 30 Alveonasus cooleyi (McIvor 1941) were collected from six bobcats (Lynx rufus) and one rabbit (Sylvilagus auduboni). We detected Rickettsia spp. DNA in 21 of the 27 (77.8%) tested Av. cooleyi and none of the O. megnini. No ticks were PCR-positive for borreliae and all mammals were PCR-negative for both pathogen genera. Phylogenetic analysis based on gltA, htrA, and 16 S rRNA targets revealed that all rickettsiae from Av. cooleyi clustered with ancestral group rickettsiae, likely representing a novel species of possibly endosymbiotic Rickettsia. The significance of Av. cooleyi and the newly identified Rickettsia sp. to the health of wildlife is unknown, and further work is indicated to determine whether they may be relevant to public health or carnivore conservation.
{"title":"Novel Rickettsia and host records for argasid ticks, including Alveonasus cooleyi, on wild mammals in Baja California, Mexico.","authors":"Andrés M López-Pérez, Laura Backus, Lorenza Beati, Hans Klompen, Francesca Rubino, Janet Foley","doi":"10.1007/s10493-024-00935-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10493-024-00935-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We conducted surveillance of mammals to investigate their associations with argasid ticks and tick-borne pathogens. During 2021, a total of 20 wild carnivores and 57 lagomorphs were sampled, and 39 argasid ticks belonging to two species were collected. All mammals and ticks were tested by molecular assays to detect Borrelia and Rickettsia infections. Nine ticks identified as Otobius megnini were collected from two coyotes (Canis latrans) and 30 Alveonasus cooleyi (McIvor 1941) were collected from six bobcats (Lynx rufus) and one rabbit (Sylvilagus auduboni). We detected Rickettsia spp. DNA in 21 of the 27 (77.8%) tested Av. cooleyi and none of the O. megnini. No ticks were PCR-positive for borreliae and all mammals were PCR-negative for both pathogen genera. Phylogenetic analysis based on gltA, htrA, and 16 S rRNA targets revealed that all rickettsiae from Av. cooleyi clustered with ancestral group rickettsiae, likely representing a novel species of possibly endosymbiotic Rickettsia. The significance of Av. cooleyi and the newly identified Rickettsia sp. to the health of wildlife is unknown, and further work is indicated to determine whether they may be relevant to public health or carnivore conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12088,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141418464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}