Ke Xue, Hai Liu, Peng Kou, Yan Zhou, Yan Zhang, Zhaoyou Zhu, Jianguang Qi, Yinglong Wang
Efficient and selective extraction of lithium from sodium-rich systems is crucial for meeting the growing demand for lithium and achieving green development goals. In this study, we synthesized three hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDES) using trioctylphosphine oxide and β-diketones for the separation of alkali metal ions. Experimental results indicated that the chosen extractants exhibit excellent Li+ extraction capability under alkaline conditions, and the extraction capacity of HDES for Li+ is superior to that of their components. Thermodynamic function calculations revealed that the Li+ extraction reaction is exothermic. A study of the factors affecting Li+ extraction efficiency and separation coefficients, and the recyclability of HDES, was conducted, achieving efficient recovery of lithium from solutions. Additionally, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis and quantum chemical calculations elucidated the extraction mechanism. This study aims to provide a theoretical basis and a green approach for the selective recovery of Li+ from high Na/Li aqueous solutions.
{"title":"Highly selective deep eutectic solvents for the recovery of lithium from high sodium concentration aqueous solutions","authors":"Ke Xue, Hai Liu, Peng Kou, Yan Zhou, Yan Zhang, Zhaoyou Zhu, Jianguang Qi, Yinglong Wang","doi":"10.1002/aic.18679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.18679","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient and selective extraction of lithium from sodium-rich systems is crucial for meeting the growing demand for lithium and achieving green development goals. In this study, we synthesized three hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDES) using trioctylphosphine oxide and <i>β</i>-diketones for the separation of alkali metal ions. Experimental results indicated that the chosen extractants exhibit excellent Li<sup>+</sup> extraction capability under alkaline conditions, and the extraction capacity of HDES for Li<sup>+</sup> is superior to that of their components. Thermodynamic function calculations revealed that the Li<sup>+</sup> extraction reaction is exothermic. A study of the factors affecting Li<sup>+</sup> extraction efficiency and separation coefficients, and the recyclability of HDES, was conducted, achieving efficient recovery of lithium from solutions. Additionally, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis and quantum chemical calculations elucidated the extraction mechanism. This study aims to provide a theoretical basis and a green approach for the selective recovery of Li<sup>+</sup> from high Na/Li aqueous solutions.","PeriodicalId":120,"journal":{"name":"AIChE Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142935658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Long He, Hanguang Xie, Yuan Zong, Ling Zhao, Gance Dai
The twin-liquid film, which combines wall-bounded film supported by a solid wall and confined-free film through the opening window, has been investigated on a plate with multi-windows. The interaction of wall-bounded film and confined free film has been discussed and the optimal window configurations are obtained with consideration of mass transfer enhancement as well as film stability. The mass transfer rate of the opening window plate is increased by 1.9–2.6 times compared with the solid plate. The acceleration and thinning of the confined-free film are the primary causes of its mass transfer enhancement, with additional contributions from the thinning of the wall-bounded film. To achieve the highest mass transfer efficiency as viscosity increases and diffusion coefficient decreases, it is crucial to maximize the window size without compromising film formation. Twin-liquid films show promising applications in the reactors involving highly viscous fluids such as carbon capture and devolatilization.
{"title":"Enhancing interfacial mass transfer for high-viscosity fluids: Hydrodynamic and mass transfer by twin-liquid film","authors":"Long He, Hanguang Xie, Yuan Zong, Ling Zhao, Gance Dai","doi":"10.1002/aic.18708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.18708","url":null,"abstract":"The twin-liquid film, which combines wall-bounded film supported by a solid wall and confined-free film through the opening window, has been investigated on a plate with multi-windows. The interaction of wall-bounded film and confined free film has been discussed and the optimal window configurations are obtained with consideration of mass transfer enhancement as well as film stability. The mass transfer rate of the opening window plate is increased by 1.9–2.6 times compared with the solid plate. The acceleration and thinning of the confined-free film are the primary causes of its mass transfer enhancement, with additional contributions from the thinning of the wall-bounded film. To achieve the highest mass transfer efficiency as viscosity increases and diffusion coefficient decreases, it is crucial to maximize the window size without compromising film formation. Twin-liquid films show promising applications in the reactors involving highly viscous fluids such as carbon capture and devolatilization.","PeriodicalId":120,"journal":{"name":"AIChE Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142935245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work examines natural convection effects in the non-vacuum-based dual insulation layers of liquid hydrogen storage tanks. Specifically, we consider a dual-layer insulation system in which the inner layer (near the cold boundary) is a hydrogen-filled porous material, while the outer layer (near the warm boundary) is a nitrogen-filled porous medium. We use linear instability theory to determine the critical Rayleigh number for the onset of convective motions, accounting for full physical property variation. We show that the highly unstable density stratification can lead to sub-critical bifurcations and the co-existence of conduction and convective states. We present computed bifurcation diagrams, along with flow patterns and temperature profiles of the emerging convective states. Due to sub-critical bifurcations, in order to avoid convective motions and minimize the boil-off rate, the insulation needs to be designed such that the Rayleigh number is below the limit point of the convective branch.
{"title":"Analysis of natural convection effects in non-vacuum-based insulation layers of large-scale liquid hydrogen tanks","authors":"Swapnil Sharma, Vemuri Balakotaiah","doi":"10.1002/aic.18725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.18725","url":null,"abstract":"This work examines natural convection effects in the non-vacuum-based dual insulation layers of liquid hydrogen storage tanks. Specifically, we consider a dual-layer insulation system in which the inner layer (near the cold boundary) is a hydrogen-filled porous material, while the outer layer (near the warm boundary) is a nitrogen-filled porous medium. We use linear instability theory to determine the critical Rayleigh number for the onset of convective motions, accounting for full physical property variation. We show that the highly unstable density stratification can lead to sub-critical bifurcations and the co-existence of conduction and convective states. We present computed bifurcation diagrams, along with flow patterns and temperature profiles of the emerging convective states. Due to sub-critical bifurcations, in order to avoid convective motions and minimize the boil-off rate, the insulation needs to be designed such that the Rayleigh number is below the limit point of the convective branch.","PeriodicalId":120,"journal":{"name":"AIChE Journal","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142924940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stepan Sibirtsev, Lukas Thiel, Andrey Kirsanov, Andreas Jupke
Dense-packed zones (DPZs) are crucial in designing equipment for liquid-liquid phase separation processes, as the DPZ height affects apparatus size. This article presents an open-access simulation approach to determine droplet contact numbers and probabilities, which are vital for modeling the deformation and coalescence of polydisperse droplets in a DPZ. The simulation is applied to three technical cases to assess how droplet size distribution (DSD) shapes impact contact numbers and probabilities. Sensitivity analysis reveals that broader DSDs and larger droplet classes lead to higher contact numbers. In contrast, contact probability is primarily determined by droplet class diameter and its number probability within the DSD, showing an almost linear relationship. These results highlight the significance of DSD shape and droplet class diameter in predicting droplet contact numbers and probabilities in DPZs, providing valuable insights for future modeling of liquid-liquid phase separation.
{"title":"Droplet contact numbers and contact probabilities in liquid-liquid dense-packed zones","authors":"Stepan Sibirtsev, Lukas Thiel, Andrey Kirsanov, Andreas Jupke","doi":"10.1002/aic.18723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.18723","url":null,"abstract":"Dense-packed zones (DPZs) are crucial in designing equipment for liquid-liquid phase separation processes, as the DPZ height affects apparatus size. This article presents an open-access simulation approach to determine droplet contact numbers and probabilities, which are vital for modeling the deformation and coalescence of polydisperse droplets in a DPZ. The simulation is applied to three technical cases to assess how droplet size distribution (DSD) shapes impact contact numbers and probabilities. Sensitivity analysis reveals that broader DSDs and larger droplet classes lead to higher contact numbers. In contrast, contact probability is primarily determined by droplet class diameter and its number probability within the DSD, showing an almost linear relationship. These results highlight the significance of DSD shape and droplet class diameter in predicting droplet contact numbers and probabilities in DPZs, providing valuable insights for future modeling of liquid-liquid phase separation.","PeriodicalId":120,"journal":{"name":"AIChE Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142917652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shuyuan Fan, Xiaodong Hong, Zuwei Liao, Congjing Ren, Yao Yang, Jingdai Wang, Yongrong Yang
Constrained black-box optimization (CBBO) has become increasingly popular in process optimization. Algorithms often encounter difficulties in balancing feasibility and optimality, with some even failing to find feasible solutions. This article introduces an adaptive sampling Bayesian optimization algorithm (ASBO) to solve CBBO problems effectively. The developed infill sampling criterion introduces an adaptive acquisition function to facilitate multistage optimization. The three stages consist of exploring feasible solutions, balancing feasibility and optimality, and optimizing. Furthermore, a hybrid method is proposed for complex problems. A gradient-based optimizer (GBO) aids in constructing the posterior distribution, thereby enhancing the identification of feasible regions. Additionally, four auxiliary strategies are developed to enhance stability and accelerate convergence in simulation-based optimization. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is validated through three benchmark problems and two process optimization cases. Comparative analysis against state-of-the-art algorithms demonstrates better iteration efficiency of ASBO algorithms.
{"title":"Adaptive sampling Bayesian algorithm for constrained black-box optimization problems","authors":"Shuyuan Fan, Xiaodong Hong, Zuwei Liao, Congjing Ren, Yao Yang, Jingdai Wang, Yongrong Yang","doi":"10.1002/aic.18715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.18715","url":null,"abstract":"Constrained black-box optimization (CBBO) has become increasingly popular in process optimization. Algorithms often encounter difficulties in balancing feasibility and optimality, with some even failing to find feasible solutions. This article introduces an adaptive sampling Bayesian optimization algorithm (ASBO) to solve CBBO problems effectively. The developed infill sampling criterion introduces an adaptive acquisition function to facilitate multistage optimization. The three stages consist of exploring feasible solutions, balancing feasibility and optimality, and optimizing. Furthermore, a hybrid method is proposed for complex problems. A gradient-based optimizer (GBO) aids in constructing the posterior distribution, thereby enhancing the identification of feasible regions. Additionally, four auxiliary strategies are developed to enhance stability and accelerate convergence in simulation-based optimization. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is validated through three benchmark problems and two process optimization cases. Comparative analysis against state-of-the-art algorithms demonstrates better iteration efficiency of ASBO algorithms.","PeriodicalId":120,"journal":{"name":"AIChE Journal","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142917653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Producing battery-grade lithium hydroxide (LiOH) from lithium salts is essential for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. Traditional causticization methods, which involve metathesis reactions between lithium salts (such as Li2CO3, Li2SO4, or LiCl) and bases (such as Ca(OH)2, NaOH, or Ba(OH)2), often result in low concentrations of LiOH and significant lithium loss dragged by CaCO3/Na2SO4/BaSO4 as solid waste. To address these challenges, we developed the “electro-metathesis” membrane reactor, which integrates the metathesis reaction with an electro-membrane system based on ion-distillation technology. This technology enhances the causticization process by regulating ion migration through ion exchange membranes and blocking impurity ions stage by stage, improving lithium recovery to 84.4% and achieving high-purity (99.6%) LiOH products. Furthermore, the process cost is 3.32 $/kg LiOH, which is lower than traditional causticization processes. This research highlights the advantages of the “electro-metathesis” membrane reactor in process efficiency, product quality, and cost management, showing strong potential for industrial applications.
{"title":"An electro-metathesis membrane reactor for directly producing LiOH with purity exceeding 99.5%","authors":"Xiao Liu, Guangzhong Cao, Songhui Wang, Weixiang Shan, Tianle Gu, Zhaoming Liu, Chenxiao Jiang, Tongwen Xu","doi":"10.1002/aic.18705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.18705","url":null,"abstract":"Producing battery-grade lithium hydroxide (LiOH) from lithium salts is essential for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. Traditional causticization methods, which involve metathesis reactions between lithium salts (such as Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, Li<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, or LiCl) and bases (such as Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>, NaOH, or Ba(OH)<sub>2</sub>), often result in low concentrations of LiOH and significant lithium loss dragged by CaCO<sub>3</sub>/Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>/BaSO<sub>4</sub> as solid waste. To address these challenges, we developed the “electro-metathesis” membrane reactor, which integrates the metathesis reaction with an electro-membrane system based on ion-distillation technology. This technology enhances the causticization process by regulating ion migration through ion exchange membranes and blocking impurity ions stage by stage, improving lithium recovery to 84.4% and achieving high-purity (99.6%) LiOH products. Furthermore, the process cost is 3.32 $/kg LiOH, which is lower than traditional causticization processes. This research highlights the advantages of the “electro-metathesis” membrane reactor in process efficiency, product quality, and cost management, showing strong potential for industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":120,"journal":{"name":"AIChE Journal","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bin Wu, Lin Chen, Yanchun Fan, Huidong Zheng, Fuweng Zhang
This study investigates the turbulent two-phase dispersion of toluene-water in micro-impinging jet (MIJ) mixers using both experimental and numerical methods. We employ computational fluid dynamics combined with the population balance model (CFD-PBM) to predict the mean droplet size (d32) and droplet size distribution (DSD). The numerical predictions align well with the experimental results. The liquid–liquid dispersion in the MIJ mixer is a two-step process, each step governed by the velocity ratio (r) and Reynolds number (Rej), respectively. By increasing the volume flow rate (Q) and r, or by reducing the diameter of the outlet orifice of mixing chamber (Do), the dispersion process can be intensified. This leads to the production of smaller droplets with a narrow DSD within a millisecond timeframe. Additionally, we propose a correlation for d32 that accurately describes the two-step dispersion process of the mixer, providing a reliable guide for the design and optimization of liquid–liquid systems.
{"title":"Experimental study and numerical simulation of liquid–liquid dispersions in micro-impinging jet mixers","authors":"Bin Wu, Lin Chen, Yanchun Fan, Huidong Zheng, Fuweng Zhang","doi":"10.1002/aic.18720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.18720","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the turbulent two-phase dispersion of toluene-water in micro-impinging jet (MIJ) mixers using both experimental and numerical methods. We employ computational fluid dynamics combined with the population balance model (CFD-PBM) to predict the mean droplet size (<i>d</i><sub>32</sub>) and droplet size distribution (DSD). The numerical predictions align well with the experimental results. The liquid–liquid dispersion in the MIJ mixer is a two-step process, each step governed by the velocity ratio (<i>r</i>) and Reynolds number (<i>Re</i><sub>j</sub>), respectively. By increasing the volume flow rate (<i>Q</i>) and <i>r</i>, or by reducing the diameter of the outlet orifice of mixing chamber (<i>D</i><sub>o</sub>), the dispersion process can be intensified. This leads to the production of smaller droplets with a narrow DSD within a millisecond timeframe. Additionally, we propose a correlation for <i>d</i><sub>32</sub> that accurately describes the two-step dispersion process of the mixer, providing a reliable guide for the design and optimization of liquid–liquid systems.","PeriodicalId":120,"journal":{"name":"AIChE Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142902127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dong Lin, Xiuhui Zheng, Ze Zong, Yang Xu, Qiuming He, Zhe Ma, De Chen, Chaohe Yang, Xiang Feng
Comprehensive mechanistic explorations and profound understandings of the interactions between water molecules and active intermediates harbors tremendous significance in the field of zeolite catalysis. Herein, we envision a strategy to accelerate alkene epoxidation reactions (e.g., 1-pentene, 1-hexene, cyclohexene, cyclooctene) with preformed H2O2 inside confined channels of Ti-beta by water molecules. Combined with in situ UV–vis, kinetic experiments, and DFT calculations, it is found that keen control of water molecules could effectively enhance H2O2 adsorption and stabilize crucial oxygen intermediates (Ti-OOH) by hydrogen bonding interactions. As a result, the yields of corresponding epoxides increased up to 20.5%. However, excessive water clusters construct a dense and robust hydrogen-bond network, blocking the activation of reactants and further epoxidation over Ti sites. This finding not only sheds new light on the mechanism of water-accelerated reaction, but also opens up new opportunities to enhance the efficiency of industrial epoxidation reactions involving H2O2.
{"title":"Confined water accelerated alkene epoxidation inside channels of Ti-beta zeolite","authors":"Dong Lin, Xiuhui Zheng, Ze Zong, Yang Xu, Qiuming He, Zhe Ma, De Chen, Chaohe Yang, Xiang Feng","doi":"10.1002/aic.18726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.18726","url":null,"abstract":"Comprehensive mechanistic explorations and profound understandings of the interactions between water molecules and active intermediates harbors tremendous significance in the field of zeolite catalysis. Herein, we envision a strategy to accelerate alkene epoxidation reactions (e.g., 1-pentene, 1-hexene, cyclohexene, cyclooctene) with preformed H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> inside confined channels of Ti-beta by water molecules. Combined with <i>in situ</i> UV–vis, kinetic experiments, and DFT calculations, it is found that keen control of water molecules could effectively enhance H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> adsorption and stabilize crucial oxygen intermediates (Ti-OOH) by hydrogen bonding interactions. As a result, the yields of corresponding epoxides increased up to 20.5%. However, excessive water clusters construct a dense and robust hydrogen-bond network, blocking the activation of reactants and further epoxidation over Ti sites. This finding not only sheds new light on the mechanism of water-accelerated reaction, but also opens up new opportunities to enhance the efficiency of industrial epoxidation reactions involving H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>.","PeriodicalId":120,"journal":{"name":"AIChE Journal","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142888552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dalia N. Dorantes-Landa, Alberto Hernandez-Aguirre, Luis Ricardez-Sandoval, Sergio Huerta-Ochoa, Carlos O. Castillo-Araiza
This work develops an approach to identify the suitable representative volume (unit cell) that captures fluid dynamics in beds packed with spheres or cylinders with a dt/dp ≤ 10, by describing radial void fraction and velocity profiles at particle Reynolds numbers between 5 and 100. Rigid-body simulations were used to construct synthetic packings, while velocity profiles were obtained from particle-resolved simulations. This methodology, rooted in the similitude of fluid dynamics between beds of different lengths, determines the minimum length (or number of particles in a bed) required for the unit cell to accurately describe the void fraction and velocity profiles. Defining such a unit cell for fluid dynamics not only reduces computational effort but also opens avenues for its use in multiscale techniques to develop reliable pseudo-continuous models, which is currently the bottleneck in the design and optimization of wall-cooled packed-bed reactors in industrial scenarios.
{"title":"A systematic approach to defining a unit cell for fluid dynamics in packed beds with low tube-to-particle diameter ratio","authors":"Dalia N. Dorantes-Landa, Alberto Hernandez-Aguirre, Luis Ricardez-Sandoval, Sergio Huerta-Ochoa, Carlos O. Castillo-Araiza","doi":"10.1002/aic.18707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.18707","url":null,"abstract":"This work develops an approach to identify the suitable representative volume (unit cell) that captures fluid dynamics in beds packed with spheres or cylinders with a <i>d</i><sub>t</sub>/<i>d</i><sub>p</sub> ≤ 10, by describing radial void fraction and velocity profiles at particle Reynolds numbers between 5 and 100. Rigid-body simulations were used to construct synthetic packings, while velocity profiles were obtained from particle-resolved simulations. This methodology, rooted in the similitude of fluid dynamics between beds of different lengths, determines the minimum length (or number of particles in a bed) required for the unit cell to accurately describe the void fraction and velocity profiles. Defining such a unit cell for fluid dynamics not only reduces computational effort but also opens avenues for its use in multiscale techniques to develop reliable pseudo-continuous models, which is currently the bottleneck in the design and optimization of wall-cooled packed-bed reactors in industrial scenarios.","PeriodicalId":120,"journal":{"name":"AIChE Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142887182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Currently, bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) is recognized as an eco-friendly technique to recycle lithium from waste lithium-ion batteries. However, the application of ordinary bipolar membranes has the disadvantage of unsatisfactory product purity due to undesired ion leakage. Herein, we proposed isolation chamber bipolar membrane electrodialysis (ICBMED) to inhibit coion migration, thereby increasing the purity of the regenerated acid and alkali. The experimental results indicate that 97.7%–99.3% of the LiOH generated by the ICBMED using domestic membranes was generated, which is much greater than the 85.7%–94.4% obtained without an isolation chamber. The total cost of the ICBMED for LiOH production with inexpensive domestic membranes was 1.65$/kg-LiOH (US) at 400 A/m2, which is lower than the cost of 1.91$/kg-LiOH (US) for flagship membranes with identical product quality. BMED with an isolation chamber provides a viable solution for acid–base production by balancing product quality and cost.
{"title":"Bipolar membrane electrodialysis with isolation chamber enables high-purity LiOH production with ordinary membranes","authors":"Duyi He, Weicheng Fu, Zihao Wang, Junying Yan, Huangying Wang, Ruirui Li, Baoying Wang, Xiaochun Chen, Yaoming Wang, Tongwen Xu","doi":"10.1002/aic.18674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.18674","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) is recognized as an eco-friendly technique to recycle lithium from waste lithium-ion batteries. However, the application of ordinary bipolar membranes has the disadvantage of unsatisfactory product purity due to undesired ion leakage. Herein, we proposed isolation chamber bipolar membrane electrodialysis (ICBMED) to inhibit coion migration, thereby increasing the purity of the regenerated acid and alkali. The experimental results indicate that 97.7%–99.3% of the LiOH generated by the ICBMED using domestic membranes was generated, which is much greater than the 85.7%–94.4% obtained without an isolation chamber. The total cost of the ICBMED for LiOH production with inexpensive domestic membranes was 1.65$/kg-LiOH (US) at 400 A/m<sup>2</sup>, which is lower than the cost of 1.91$/kg-LiOH (US) for flagship membranes with identical product quality. BMED with an isolation chamber provides a viable solution for acid–base production by balancing product quality and cost.","PeriodicalId":120,"journal":{"name":"AIChE Journal","volume":"202 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142880176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：