Whiteness is an attribute of colors of high luminous reflectance and low purity situated in a relatively narrow region of the color space. The evaluation of whiteness of a product is dependent from the materials and the application it is used in. The most common acceptable formula for evaluation of white samples is the CIE whiteness index. The performance of the CIE whiteness formula is focused on D65 illuminant and narrow region of color space correl ate not well under other conditions. Whiteness Vik-Vikova WVV whiteness formula was published on CIE Midterm meeting on Jeju Island, Korea 2017 is based on CIECAM02 color appearance model, respectively on its approximately uniform version called as CIECAM02UCS. A visual assessment study of the selected samples was carried out in order to relate the influence of the tint to perceive white. The results show that the new whiteness formula outperform other whiteness formulae in case of samples on the border of CIE Whiteness formula limits.
{"title":"WHITENESS FORMULA BASED ON CIECAM02 AND THEIR TEXTILE APPLICATION","authors":"Michal Vik, M. Viková","doi":"10.25039/X46.2019.PO050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25039/X46.2019.PO050","url":null,"abstract":"Whiteness is an attribute of colors of high luminous reflectance and low purity situated in a relatively narrow region of the color space. The evaluation of whiteness of a product is dependent from the materials and the application it is used in. The most common acceptable formula for evaluation of white samples is the CIE whiteness index. The performance of the CIE whiteness formula is focused on D65 illuminant and narrow region of color space correl ate not well under other conditions. Whiteness Vik-Vikova WVV whiteness formula was published on CIE Midterm meeting on Jeju Island, Korea 2017 is based on CIECAM02 color appearance model, respectively on its approximately uniform version called as CIECAM02UCS. A visual assessment study of the selected samples was carried out in order to relate the influence of the tint to perceive white. The results show that the new whiteness formula outperform other whiteness formulae in case of samples on the border of CIE Whiteness formula limits.","PeriodicalId":121032,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF the 29th Quadrennial Session of the CIE","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131195579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A questionnaire was conducted to investigate how 140 architecture students apprise daylight conditions within the classrooms. The participants were requested to evaluate the luminous environment and their luminous comfort. They were also asked about light preferences and knowledge on daylight metrics and regulations. The students’ subjective appraisals results were compared with the experts’ assessment and the on-site illuminance measurements. Later on, the students had to carry out a series of daylight indices simulations summarizing daylight conditions in their private rooms (a user’s experience), and in a room, within a building, they had been designing (a designer’s experience). The perception of the luminous environment was analysed against participants’ comprehension of daylight simulations data. The issues students encountered during the daylight indicators analysis suggested that more coherent daylight education should be offered for future architects.
{"title":"DAYLIGHT WITHIN A ROOM IN THE EYES OF ARCHITECTURE STUDENTS","authors":"N. Sokół, Federica Giuliani, J. Martyniuk-Pęczek","doi":"10.25039/X46.2019.PO127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25039/X46.2019.PO127","url":null,"abstract":"A questionnaire was conducted to investigate how 140 architecture students apprise daylight conditions within the classrooms. The participants were requested to evaluate the luminous environment and their luminous comfort. They were also asked about light preferences and knowledge on daylight metrics and regulations. The students’ subjective appraisals results were compared with the experts’ assessment and the on-site illuminance measurements. Later on, the students had to carry out a series of daylight indices simulations summarizing daylight conditions in their private rooms (a user’s experience), and in a room, within a building, they had been designing (a designer’s experience). The perception of the luminous environment was analysed against participants’ comprehension of daylight simulations data. The issues students encountered during the daylight indicators analysis suggested that more coherent daylight education should be offered for future architects.","PeriodicalId":121032,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF the 29th Quadrennial Session of the CIE","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121647831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper studies the colorimetric characteristics of daylight within the framework of the CIE Standard General Skies. The correlated colour temperatures (CCTs) were studied based on long-term measurements. The colorimetric analysis employed in this study comprises: (i) the CCT occurrence; (ii) the CCT ranges; (iii) the CCT variation depending on the solar altitude; in function of season, time of day, and orientation, all corresponding to the fifteen CIE Standard Skies. The last part of the analysis illustrates the practical application of the results in the urban structure, represented in spectral daylight potential diagrams. The findings show significant colorimetric discrepancies both between and within the sky types and support the key argument against a fixed CCT for all sky types. The paper helps to understand the spatio-temporal variability of the CCT and indicates what possible effect that variation might have on the colorimetric daylight characteristics on façades, and therefore on the potential of a building regarding the ipRGC influenced responses to light.
{"title":"A DATA-DRIVEN COLORIMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE CIE STANDARD GENERAL SKIES","authors":"A. Diakite, M. Knoop","doi":"10.25039/X46.2019.OP49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25039/X46.2019.OP49","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the colorimetric characteristics of daylight within the framework of the CIE Standard General Skies. The correlated colour temperatures (CCTs) were studied based on long-term measurements. The colorimetric analysis employed in this study comprises: (i) the CCT occurrence; (ii) the CCT ranges; (iii) the CCT variation depending on the solar altitude; in function of season, time of day, and orientation, all corresponding to the fifteen CIE Standard Skies. The last part of the analysis illustrates the practical application of the results in the urban structure, represented in spectral daylight potential diagrams. The findings show significant colorimetric discrepancies both between and within the sky types and support the key argument against a fixed CCT for all sky types. The paper helps to understand the spatio-temporal variability of the CCT and indicates what possible effect that variation might have on the colorimetric daylight characteristics on façades, and therefore on the potential of a building regarding the ipRGC influenced responses to light.","PeriodicalId":121032,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF the 29th Quadrennial Session of the CIE","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121882642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adam Klej, A. Jackson, P. Beeckman, Norbert Mila, K. Banerjee, M. Embrechts, Henk-Jan van Aalderen
{"title":"FLICKER (PSTLM) AND STROBOSCOPIC EFFECT (SVM) - LIGHT MEASUREMENTS IN PHOTOMETRICAL LABORATORIES. SIGNIFY DEVELOPED SETUP AND VALIDATION METHOD","authors":"Adam Klej, A. Jackson, P. Beeckman, Norbert Mila, K. Banerjee, M. Embrechts, Henk-Jan van Aalderen","doi":"10.25039/X46.2019.OP01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25039/X46.2019.OP01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":121032,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF the 29th Quadrennial Session of the CIE","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127794901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"EVALUATION OF HUE SHIFT FORMULAE IN CIELAB AND CAM02","authors":"D. Durmus, Wendy Davis","doi":"10.25039/X46.2019.PO005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25039/X46.2019.PO005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":121032,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF the 29th Quadrennial Session of the CIE","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128003896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigated the influence of light colour quality on emotion and work performance, and find suitable value for colour related office environment. Colour rendering index (CRI) and Gamut Area Index (GAI) were selected to describe the colour quality of the light source in this study. GAI was used to assist Ra to evaluate the relationship of light colour quality with emotion and task performance. Chromatic anfimov alphabet test and Farnsworth Munsell 100 Hue Test were carried out for measuring work performance. To access the emotion of participants, we used PANAS (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule) to investigate the emotional states of subjects in different conditions. The experimental results were analysed by (ANOVA) variance analysis. The results showed that colour matching and discrimination has the best performance in GAI = 100, Ra = 100, the participants are most likely to produce positive emotions in GAI = 120, Ra = 80.
{"title":"EFFECTS OF CRI AND GAI ON EMOTION AND WORK PERFORMANCE IN OFFICE LIGHTING","authors":"D. Hou, Yandan Lin","doi":"10.25039/X46.2019.PO023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25039/X46.2019.PO023","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigated the influence of light colour quality on emotion and work performance, and find suitable value for colour related office environment. Colour rendering index (CRI) and Gamut Area Index (GAI) were selected to describe the colour quality of the light source in this study. GAI was used to assist Ra to evaluate the relationship of light colour quality with emotion and task performance. Chromatic anfimov alphabet test and Farnsworth Munsell 100 Hue Test were carried out for measuring work performance. To access the emotion of participants, we used PANAS (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule) to investigate the emotional states of subjects in different conditions. The experimental results were analysed by (ANOVA) variance analysis. The results showed that colour matching and discrimination has the best performance in GAI = 100, Ra = 100, the participants are most likely to produce positive emotions in GAI = 120, Ra = 80.","PeriodicalId":121032,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF the 29th Quadrennial Session of the CIE","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132646724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wataru Shichi, T. Toyota, Taka-aki Suzuki, K. Ohkubo
We examined the uniformity of the spatial response distribution function (SRDF) within an integrating sphere in which a baffle with a complex shape had been installed. The SRDF was measured by illuminating an inner surface of an integrating sphere with a spot light and also calculated by numerical simulation. Based on these SRDF results, we established a guiding principle for estimating the uncertainty of the total luminous flux measurement based on the difference in the light distribution between a test light source and a standard light source. Although differences of up to 0,4 % were observed between the total luminous flux obtained in the numerical simulation and that obtained in the experiment, the basic overall tendency of the light distribution dependence was reproduced well in the simulation. This result suggests that it may be possible to apply numerical simulations to determine optimum baffle shapes.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF AN INTEGRATING SPHERE INTERNAL STRUCTURE ON TOTAL LUMINOUS FLUX MEASUREMENT","authors":"Wataru Shichi, T. Toyota, Taka-aki Suzuki, K. Ohkubo","doi":"10.25039/X46.2019.PO106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25039/X46.2019.PO106","url":null,"abstract":"We examined the uniformity of the spatial response distribution function (SRDF) within an integrating sphere in which a baffle with a complex shape had been installed. The SRDF was measured by illuminating an inner surface of an integrating sphere with a spot light and also calculated by numerical simulation. Based on these SRDF results, we established a guiding principle for estimating the uncertainty of the total luminous flux measurement based on the difference in the light distribution between a test light source and a standard light source. Although differences of up to 0,4 % were observed between the total luminous flux obtained in the numerical simulation and that obtained in the experiment, the basic overall tendency of the light distribution dependence was reproduced well in the simulation. This result suggests that it may be possible to apply numerical simulations to determine optimum baffle shapes.","PeriodicalId":121032,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF the 29th Quadrennial Session of the CIE","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134143589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2017, several luminaires in the LED Lighting Facts database claimed efficacies between 144 and 210 lm/W. Samples were procured for testing and visual evaluation. Seven luminaire models were ordered, all but one having directly visible LED packages. They underwent photometric testing for comparison to manufacturer-claimed values. All but one performed between 150 and 200 lm/W. Pairs of each type were mocked-up in a lighting laboratory. Direct measurements of the exposed LEDs revealed luminances ranging from 626.000 to 1.150.000 cd/m, with one employing diffusers at 41.500 cd/m. 23 lighting-experienced observers evaluated the luminaires, providing comments and an overall perceived dollar value. Only two luminaires received positive ratings of visual comfort and overall quality, those with either diffusers or reflector optics to reduce direct view of bare LEDs. The three rated highest for monetary value received positive comments in light distribu tion, colour, and visual comfort; the three lowest rated received the most negative glare comments. The highest rated luminaire exhibited the lowest efficacy of 136 lm/W, suggesting that visual comfort, light distribution, and colour quality may be of equal or greater importance to an installation.
{"title":"TOP EFFICACY PERFORMERS: THE QUALITY TRADEOFFS IN LED LUMINAIRES","authors":"N. Miller","doi":"10.25039/X46.2019.PO139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25039/X46.2019.PO139","url":null,"abstract":"In 2017, several luminaires in the LED Lighting Facts database claimed efficacies between 144 and 210 lm/W. Samples were procured for testing and visual evaluation. Seven luminaire models were ordered, all but one having directly visible LED packages. They underwent photometric testing for comparison to manufacturer-claimed values. All but one performed between 150 and 200 lm/W. Pairs of each type were mocked-up in a lighting laboratory. Direct measurements of the exposed LEDs revealed luminances ranging from 626.000 to 1.150.000 cd/m, with one employing diffusers at 41.500 cd/m. 23 lighting-experienced observers evaluated the luminaires, providing comments and an overall perceived dollar value. Only two luminaires received positive ratings of visual comfort and overall quality, those with either diffusers or reflector optics to reduce direct view of bare LEDs. The three rated highest for monetary value received positive comments in light distribu tion, colour, and visual comfort; the three lowest rated received the most negative glare comments. The highest rated luminaire exhibited the lowest efficacy of 136 lm/W, suggesting that visual comfort, light distribution, and colour quality may be of equal or greater importance to an installation.","PeriodicalId":121032,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF the 29th Quadrennial Session of the CIE","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115607174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"LIGHT AND BLUE-LIGHT EXPOSURES OF DAY WORKERS IN SUMMER AND WINTER","authors":"L. Udovičić, L. Price, M. Khazova","doi":"10.25039/X46.2019.OP19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25039/X46.2019.OP19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":121032,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF the 29th Quadrennial Session of the CIE","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115627565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"INTEGRATION OF DAYLIGHT IN SCHOOLS AND KINDERGARTENS","authors":"M. Kobav, Neza Močnik","doi":"10.25039/X46.2019.PO132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25039/X46.2019.PO132","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":121032,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF the 29th Quadrennial Session of the CIE","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114196692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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