Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4467/23538724gs.21.008.14840
Michał Przybysz
The abenomics policy as an answer to Japan’s economic problems The aim of the article is to present the so-called Abenomics policy and its results with regards to the economic stagnation and chronic deflation which persisted in Japan since early 1990s. Created by the new Prime Minister of Japan Shinzo Abe and based on the reflationism theory, its goal was first and foremost to stop the deflation, but also reinvigorate demand and boost economic growth via means of structural reforms. These three objectives became known as the “three arrows” of the plan. The core of the program focused on the quantitative easing policy (QQE) led by the Bank of Japan, which consisted of massive purchase of bonds which would in turn raise their prices and inject money into the economy. Other measures included setting the goal of reaching 2% inflation in two years’ time, as well as enormous infrastructural investment and pension spending or numerous reforms regarding job market accessibility and deregulation. In the wake of the original plan’s middling results the Abenomics 2.0 plan was presented in 2014 and focused on Japan’s structural problems, which are rapidly aging population and shrinking workforce. Critical examination showed that these new goals concerning projected GDP level or fertility rate were unrealistic from the onset and did not amount to much. Despite the country leaving the long-lasting deflation behind, it did not reach the set 2% inflation mark or GDP growth on the level of comparable economies. Moreover, the debt level is still rising, partly because of the volume of the QQE policy. Adding to the situation is the recent economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, which demanded a shift in government’s focus and caused all of the economic indicators to again worsen. Despite some successes along the way, the main goals of the Abenomics were unfulfilled during Shinzo Abe’s term of office, and Japan’s economic problems remain to be solved by the next governments.
{"title":"Polityka abenomiki jako odpowiedź na problemy gospodarcze Japonii","authors":"Michał Przybysz","doi":"10.4467/23538724gs.21.008.14840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/23538724gs.21.008.14840","url":null,"abstract":"The abenomics policy as an answer to Japan’s economic problems\u0000The aim of the article is to present the so-called Abenomics policy and its results with regards to the economic stagnation and chronic deflation which persisted in Japan since early 1990s. Created by the new Prime Minister of Japan Shinzo Abe and based on the reflationism theory, its goal was first and foremost to stop the deflation, but also reinvigorate demand and boost economic growth via means of structural reforms. These three objectives became known as the “three arrows” of the plan.\u0000\u0000The core of the program focused on the quantitative easing policy (QQE) led by the Bank of Japan, which consisted of massive purchase of bonds which would in turn raise their prices and inject money into the economy. Other measures included setting the goal of reaching 2% inflation in two years’ time, as well as enormous infrastructural investment and pension spending or numerous reforms regarding job market accessibility and deregulation. In the wake of the original plan’s middling results the Abenomics 2.0 plan was presented in 2014 and focused on Japan’s structural problems, which are rapidly aging population and shrinking workforce.\u0000\u0000Critical examination showed that these new goals concerning projected GDP level or fertility rate were unrealistic from the onset and did not amount to much. Despite the country leaving the long-lasting deflation behind, it did not reach the set 2% inflation mark or GDP growth on the level of comparable economies.\u0000\u0000Moreover, the debt level is still rising, partly because of the volume of the QQE policy. Adding to the situation is the recent economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, which demanded a shift in government’s focus and caused all of the economic indicators to again worsen. Despite some successes along the way, the main goals of the Abenomics were unfulfilled during Shinzo Abe’s term of office, and Japan’s economic problems remain to be solved by the next governments.","PeriodicalId":121113,"journal":{"name":"Gdańskie Studia Azji Wschodniej","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128890939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4467/23538724gs.21.017.14849
K. Olszewski
{"title":"Arkadiusz Jabłoński, Polski leksykon japońskich terminów gramatycznych, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Toruń 2021, t. 1 (A–K, ss. 494), t. 2 (L–R, ss. 406), t. 3 (S–Z, ss. 394)","authors":"K. Olszewski","doi":"10.4467/23538724gs.21.017.14849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/23538724gs.21.017.14849","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":121113,"journal":{"name":"Gdańskie Studia Azji Wschodniej","volume":"220 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124351070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4467/23538724gs.19.019.11864
Ł. Bachora, Maša Guštin
{"title":"Zhang Yimou – twórca niezależny, twórca koniunkturalny? Metamorfozy artysty w państwie komunistycznym","authors":"Ł. Bachora, Maša Guštin","doi":"10.4467/23538724gs.19.019.11864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/23538724gs.19.019.11864","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":121113,"journal":{"name":"Gdańskie Studia Azji Wschodniej","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115710512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4467/23538724gs.19.025.11870
Piotr Topór
{"title":"Między teorią a praktyką: kierunki polityki zagranicznej Indonezji w XXI wieku oraz jej pozycja w stosunkach międzynarodowych z perspektywy koncepcji państw średniej rangi","authors":"Piotr Topór","doi":"10.4467/23538724gs.19.025.11870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/23538724gs.19.025.11870","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":121113,"journal":{"name":"Gdańskie Studia Azji Wschodniej","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116218922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4467/23538724gs.19.011.11185
Irena Kadulska
{"title":"Recenzje - Sun Min, Papier, tusz i pÄdzel, czyli Traktat o chiĹskiej kaligrafii, przeĹ. zespóŠpod kierunkiem Wu Lan, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu GdaĹskiego, GdaĹsk 2017, ss. 238","authors":"Irena Kadulska","doi":"10.4467/23538724gs.19.011.11185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/23538724gs.19.011.11185","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":121113,"journal":{"name":"Gdańskie Studia Azji Wschodniej","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115548195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4467/23538724gs.21.013.14845
Ryszard Woszczak
Osamu Tezuka in Poland. The popularity and significance of the work of the god of manga on the Polish market The author presents and analyzes the situation of Osamu Tezuka’s manga on the Polish market in 2001–2020, trying to show the popularity and effects of the twenty-year presence of Osamu Tezuka’s work on the market. At the same time, the author presents the situation of the Polish manga market and the processes that accompanied the launch of Polish manga editions of the author, known in Japan as the God of Manga.
{"title":"Osamu Tezuka w Polsce – popularność i znaczenie twórczości „boga mangi” na polskim rynku","authors":"Ryszard Woszczak","doi":"10.4467/23538724gs.21.013.14845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/23538724gs.21.013.14845","url":null,"abstract":"Osamu Tezuka in Poland. The popularity and significance of the work of the god of manga on the Polish market\u0000\u0000The author presents and analyzes the situation of Osamu Tezuka’s manga on the Polish market in 2001–2020, trying to show the popularity and effects of the twenty-year presence of Osamu Tezuka’s work on the market. At the same time, the author presents the situation of the Polish manga market and the processes that accompanied the launch of Polish manga editions of the author, known in Japan as the God of Manga.","PeriodicalId":121113,"journal":{"name":"Gdańskie Studia Azji Wschodniej","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115144177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4467/23538724gs.21.018.14850
Joanna Kamień, Kamil Zeidler
{"title":"Wajda. Człowiek z Gdańska. Wystawa rysunków, akwarel i plakatów na Uniwersytecie Gdańskim ze zbiorów Muzeum Sztuki i Techniki Japońskiej Manggha w Krakowie, Gdańsk, 5 października 2021 r. – 30 stycznia 2022 r.","authors":"Joanna Kamień, Kamil Zeidler","doi":"10.4467/23538724gs.21.018.14850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/23538724gs.21.018.14850","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":121113,"journal":{"name":"Gdańskie Studia Azji Wschodniej","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114279476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4467/23538724gs.19.013.11858
M. Szczepaniec
{"title":"Rozwój energetyki wiatrowej w Chinach","authors":"M. Szczepaniec","doi":"10.4467/23538724gs.19.013.11858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/23538724gs.19.013.11858","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":121113,"journal":{"name":"Gdańskie Studia Azji Wschodniej","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134357356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4467/23538724gs.21.011.14843
Antonina Zemska
W artykule przybliżono wyjątkowe zarówno w stosunku do standardów zachodnich, jak i standardów krajów postkolonialnych podejście Japonii do niematerialnego dziedzictwa kultury, szczególnie w kontekście gwarantowanego prawnie systemu ochrony oraz historycznego i współczesnego znaczenia tego dziedzictwa dla społeczeństwa. Poczynając od wprowadzenia po raz pierwszy kategorii niematerialnego dziedzictwa kultury w ustawie o ochronie dóbr kultury z 1950 r. aż po obowiązującą obecnie nowelizację z 2004 r., niematerialne dziedzictwo podlega coraz szerszej i bardziej efektywnej ochronie. Składa się na nią zarówno wsparcie finansowe ze strony państwa, jak i edukacja społeczeństwa, promocja i kultywowanie tradycji. Wszystkie te działania zapobiegają odejściu w niepamięć klasycznym umiejętnościom i dziedzinom sztuki. System ochrony w Japonii dzieli niematerialne dziedzictwo na wiele kategorii, które podkreślają zróżnicowany charakter dziedzin, w jakich przejawia się lokalna kultura i które mają zapewnione adekwatne środki prawne, odpowiadające ich szczególnym potrzebom. Starania podejmowane w celu zachowania niematerialnego dziedzictwa kultury i dbałość o nie były podyktowane potrzebą zrekonstruowania tożsamości narodowej po przegranej II wojnie światowej oraz zabezpieczenia folkloru przed postępującą globalizacją i westernizacją, obecnie zaś stanowią przejaw rosnącego zainteresowania różnorodnością kulturową.
{"title":"Intangible cultural heritage in Japan","authors":"Antonina Zemska","doi":"10.4467/23538724gs.21.011.14843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/23538724gs.21.011.14843","url":null,"abstract":"W artykule przybliżono wyjątkowe zarówno w stosunku do standardów zachodnich, jak i standardów krajów postkolonialnych podejście Japonii do niematerialnego dziedzictwa kultury, szczególnie w kontekście gwarantowanego prawnie systemu ochrony oraz historycznego i współczesnego znaczenia tego dziedzictwa dla społeczeństwa. Poczynając od wprowadzenia po raz pierwszy kategorii niematerialnego dziedzictwa kultury w ustawie o ochronie dóbr kultury z 1950 r. aż po obowiązującą obecnie nowelizację z 2004 r., niematerialne dziedzictwo podlega coraz szerszej i bardziej efektywnej ochronie. Składa się na nią zarówno wsparcie finansowe ze strony państwa, jak i edukacja społeczeństwa, promocja i kultywowanie tradycji. Wszystkie te działania zapobiegają odejściu w niepamięć klasycznym umiejętnościom i dziedzinom sztuki. System ochrony w Japonii dzieli niematerialne dziedzictwo na wiele kategorii, które podkreślają zróżnicowany charakter dziedzin, w jakich przejawia się lokalna kultura i które mają zapewnione adekwatne środki prawne, odpowiadające ich szczególnym potrzebom. Starania podejmowane w celu zachowania niematerialnego dziedzictwa kultury i dbałość o nie były podyktowane potrzebą zrekonstruowania tożsamości narodowej po przegranej II wojnie światowej oraz zabezpieczenia folkloru przed postępującą globalizacją i westernizacją, obecnie zaś stanowią przejaw rosnącego zainteresowania różnorodnością kulturową.","PeriodicalId":121113,"journal":{"name":"Gdańskie Studia Azji Wschodniej","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133884820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4467/23538724gs.21.010.14842
Paula Chmielowska
Protection of archaeological sites in Japanese law In popular perception Japan is often associated with cherry blossoms, the samurai, the geishas, rice fields and delicious ramen soup. However, each of these elements is relatively new. The country’s culture is rich and ancient, and the Japanese are very aware of their heritage and are eager to protect it. The Japanese government encourages universal public participation in supporting and appreciating artistic activities. The most important cultural goods are considered national treasures, which are particularly valuable to the world and to the Japanese nation. These can be works of art such as paintings, sculptures or architectural masterpieces, as well as other forms of artistic expression such as suiseki – art of artistic display of stones, chadō – tea ceremony, ikebana – flower arrangement, and even the artists themselves. The purpose of this article is to outline the Japanese heritage law with respect to protection of archaeological sites; the long history of the island nation means the Japanese archaeologists have plenty of sites to work on. Since 1945, archaeological research has become an important way of constructing the Japanese national identity. While the key goal of archeology in Japan is still about building national identity in relation to the past, there is a noticeable diversity in research goals and methodology used by the current generation of practicing archaeologists.
{"title":"Ochrona zabytków archeologicznych w prawie japońskim","authors":"Paula Chmielowska","doi":"10.4467/23538724gs.21.010.14842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/23538724gs.21.010.14842","url":null,"abstract":"Protection of archaeological sites in Japanese law\u0000In popular perception Japan is often associated with cherry blossoms, the samurai, the geishas, rice fields and delicious ramen soup. However, each of these elements is relatively new. The country’s culture is rich and ancient, and the Japanese are very aware of their heritage and are eager to protect it. The Japanese government encourages universal public participation in supporting and appreciating artistic activities. The most important cultural goods are considered national treasures, which are particularly valuable to the world and to the Japanese nation. These can be works of art such as paintings, sculptures or architectural masterpieces, as well as other forms of artistic expression such as suiseki – art of artistic display of stones, chadō – tea ceremony, ikebana – flower arrangement, and even the artists themselves. The purpose of this article is to outline the Japanese heritage law with respect to protection of archaeological sites; the long history of the island nation means the Japanese archaeologists have plenty of sites to work on. Since 1945, archaeological research has become an important way of constructing the Japanese national identity. While the key goal of archeology in Japan is still about building national identity in relation to the past, there is a noticeable diversity in research goals and methodology used by the current generation of practicing archaeologists.","PeriodicalId":121113,"journal":{"name":"Gdańskie Studia Azji Wschodniej","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127921985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：