Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.4467/23538724gs.23.013.18159
S. Zarychta
Pakistan’s political history since independence has been marked by periods of political, military, and economic instability. The Kashmir conflict remains a major point of contention between Pakistan and India. Therefore, Pakistan’s main reason for building nuclear weapons was as a deterrent against Indian conventional forces and a desire to gain a leading role in the Islamic world. The assessment of Pakistan’s nuclear potential is very difficult due to limited information and lack of transparency on the part of military circles. While all nuclear-weapon states generally aim to lower their capabilities, Pakistan, on the contrary, is developing its nuclear capabilities and is currently projected to have around 165 nuclear warheads. Pakistan’s nuclear policy is to have a full spectrum of nuclear weapons from tactical nuclear weapons to strategic ballistic missiles. The main task of Pakistan’s nuclear arsenal is deterrence. Pakistan’s nuclear doctrine is intended firstly to deter India from aggression against Pakistan and secondly to prevent India from being victorious in the event of war. The basis of the doctrine of the Pakistani armed forces is the current concept of offensive defense, which assumes conducting a counterattack, the purpose of which will be to transfer a possible armed conflict to the enemy’s territory.
{"title":"Pakistan – w kierunku triady jądrowej","authors":"S. Zarychta","doi":"10.4467/23538724gs.23.013.18159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/23538724gs.23.013.18159","url":null,"abstract":"Pakistan’s political history since independence has been marked by periods of political, military, and economic instability. The Kashmir conflict remains a major point of contention between Pakistan and India. Therefore, Pakistan’s main reason for building nuclear weapons was as a deterrent against Indian conventional forces and a desire to gain a leading role in the Islamic world.\u0000\u0000The assessment of Pakistan’s nuclear potential is very difficult due to limited information and lack of transparency on the part of military circles. While all nuclear-weapon states generally aim to lower their capabilities, Pakistan, on the contrary, is developing its nuclear capabilities and is currently projected to have around 165 nuclear warheads. Pakistan’s nuclear policy is to have a full spectrum of nuclear weapons from tactical nuclear weapons to strategic ballistic missiles.\u0000\u0000The main task of Pakistan’s nuclear arsenal is deterrence. Pakistan’s nuclear doctrine is intended firstly to deter India from aggression against Pakistan and secondly to prevent India from being victorious in the event of war. The basis of the doctrine of the Pakistani armed forces is the current concept of offensive defense, which assumes conducting a counterattack, the purpose of which will be to transfer a possible armed conflict to the enemy’s territory.","PeriodicalId":121113,"journal":{"name":"Gdańskie Studia Azji Wschodniej","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121895965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.4467/23538724gs.23.005.18151
Jiahao Zou
The article introduces the symbolism of the willow and the lily, which have played an important role in the lives of Chinese and Poles over many years. The research issue of this article is the question: What are the differences and similarities in terms of willow and lily symbolism in Chinese and Polish culture? The article is based on an analysis of literature. It aims to indicate the symbolism of the willow and the lily and to find the roots of their differences and similarities in Chinese and Polish cultures. The first part of the article is devoted to the theory of a linguistic worldview, which is the theoretical basis of the research. The second part of the article focuses on the most important and widespread symbolisms of the willow. The third part presents the most important connotations of the lily in both cultures. I It turns out that there are many similar symbolisms of the willow in Chinese and Polish culture, such as homesickness and vitality, etc. Nevertheless, the willow is an attribute of the noble hermit in Chinese culture, while in Polish culture it symbolizes susceptibility because of its pliancy. There are also many analogies in the associations of the lily in Polish and Chinese cultures, such as purity and holiness. Contrary to appearances, in the two civilizations the differences in lily symbolism are not readily apparent.
{"title":"Porównanie symboliki wierzby i lilii w chińskiej i polskiej kulturze na tle teorii językowego obrazu świata","authors":"Jiahao Zou","doi":"10.4467/23538724gs.23.005.18151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/23538724gs.23.005.18151","url":null,"abstract":"The article introduces the symbolism of the willow and the lily, which have played an important role in the lives of Chinese and Poles over many years. The research issue of this article is the question: What are the differences and similarities in terms of willow and lily symbolism in Chinese and Polish culture? The article is based on an analysis of literature. It aims to indicate the symbolism of the willow and the lily and to find the roots of their differences and similarities in Chinese and Polish cultures. The first part of the article is devoted to the theory of a linguistic worldview, which is the theoretical basis of the research. The second part of the article focuses on the most important and widespread symbolisms of the willow. The third part presents the most important connotations of the lily in both cultures. I It turns out that there are many similar symbolisms of the willow in Chinese and Polish culture, such as homesickness and vitality, etc. Nevertheless, the willow is an attribute of the noble hermit in Chinese culture, while in Polish culture it symbolizes susceptibility because of its pliancy. There are also many analogies in the associations of the lily in Polish and Chinese cultures, such as purity and holiness. Contrary to appearances, in the two civilizations the differences in lily symbolism are not readily apparent.","PeriodicalId":121113,"journal":{"name":"Gdańskie Studia Azji Wschodniej","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126505398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.4467/23538724gs.23.011.18157
K. Kamiński
The purpose of this article is to identify the key issues arising in relation to the existence of de facto (common law, nai’en) marriages in Japan. This paper will first show the broader context of the impact of the pandemic on legal-family relations in Japan. The discussion will then focus on the issue of de facto marriages, i.e. the genesis and increasing role of de facto marriages in Japan will be presented. Indeed, there have been increasing symptoms of the inclusion of informal relationships close to the marriage relationship in a legal context. The examples presented in this article provide a starting point for an analysis of the demands that have emerged in Japanese public space in relation to the specific needs of the COVID-19 pandemic era, i.e. the change of the unified spousal name system, as well as the issue of access to the partner’s medical information, and legal regulation related to parental authority
{"title":"Małżeństwa de facto w Japonii wobec wyzwań COVID-19","authors":"K. Kamiński","doi":"10.4467/23538724gs.23.011.18157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/23538724gs.23.011.18157","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to identify the key issues arising in relation to the existence of de facto (common law, nai’en) marriages in Japan. This paper will first show the broader context of the impact of the pandemic on legal-family relations in Japan. The discussion will then focus on the issue of de facto marriages, i.e. the genesis and increasing role of de facto marriages in Japan will be presented. Indeed, there have been increasing symptoms of the inclusion of informal relationships close to the marriage relationship in a legal context. The examples presented in this article provide a starting point for an analysis of the demands that have emerged in Japanese public space in relation to the specific needs of the COVID-19 pandemic era, i.e. the change of the unified spousal name system, as well as the issue of access to the partner’s medical information, and legal regulation related to parental authority","PeriodicalId":121113,"journal":{"name":"Gdańskie Studia Azji Wschodniej","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127471980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.4467/23538724gs.23.016.18162
Anna Michalak
The actual history of the constitutional democracies of the independent states of East and Southeast Asia begins during the Cold War, when this region also became an area of conflict between two warring blocs. Decolonization and democratization in this region began after the end of World War II and lasted practically to the first decade of the 21st century, although according to many, these processes cannot be considered completed yet. At that time, guided by historical experience, the religion professed by the majority of society, and economic ties with former colonizers or neighbouring countries, choices were made as to the political system adopted, the system of government, and the main principles of the state’s functioning. At present, it is very difficult to find a common denominator for legal and comparative research on the constitutional systems of the countries of the region discussed. It should be taken into account that when choosing a democratic system and a system of government, political elites are guided by certain factors. Research on this subject shows that two elements are particularly important: institutional experiences
{"title":"Presidentialism and Democracy in East and Southeast Asia, ed. Marco Bünte, Mark R. Thompson, Routledge 2023, pp. 173","authors":"Anna Michalak","doi":"10.4467/23538724gs.23.016.18162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/23538724gs.23.016.18162","url":null,"abstract":"The actual history of the constitutional democracies of the independent states of East and Southeast Asia begins during the Cold War, when this region also became an area of conflict between two warring blocs. Decolonization and democratization in this region began after the end of World War II and lasted practically to the first decade of the 21st century, although according to many, these processes cannot be considered completed yet. At that time, guided by historical experience, the religion professed by the majority of society, and economic ties with former colonizers or neighbouring countries, choices were made as to the political system adopted, the system of government, and the main principles of the state’s functioning. At present, it is very difficult to find a common denominator for legal and comparative research on the constitutional systems of the countries of the region discussed. It should be taken into account that when choosing a democratic system and a system of government, political elites are guided by certain factors. Research on this subject shows that two elements are particularly important: institutional experiences","PeriodicalId":121113,"journal":{"name":"Gdańskie Studia Azji Wschodniej","volume":"410 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124367906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.4467/23538724gs.23.010.18156
A. Bednarczyk
This article discusses Anna Zalewska’s book O czarnym kocie cesarza i inne opowieści. Koty w dawnej literaturze japońskiej [On the Emperor’s Black Cat and Other Tales: Cats in Old Japanese Literature] published in 2022 by the Manggha Museum of Japanese Art and Technology in Kraków. The book is probably the first publication outside of Japan that so extensively presents Japanese felinographic topics from the perspective of literary and cultural studies. This study is an anthologized monograph, which treats cats in Japan in a cross-sectional manner (historically, genologically, semantically) up to the beginning of the Meiji period. The article emphasizes that through the stories about cats included in the book, one can also learn much about the people and the times in which they lived. Many of the literary works selected show representations of the cat that we already know, but also those that we have not yet known. This certainly enriches the way we look at these animals that live so closely with humans. The critical overview of the sources undoubtedly confirms the author’s claim set out in the preface that cats appear to be relatively common in old Japanese literature.
本文讨论了Anna Zalewska的书O czarnym kocie cesarza i inne opowieści。Koty w dawnej literaturze japońskiej[关于天皇的黑猫和其他故事:日本古代文学中的猫]，日本漫画技术博物馆(Kraków)于2022年出版。这本书可能是日本以外的第一本从文学和文化研究的角度广泛介绍日本猫科主题的书。本研究是一本选集专著，以横断面的方式(历史上，遗传学上，语义学上)对待日本的猫，直到明治时期开始。文章强调，通过书中包含的关于猫的故事，人们也可以了解他们生活的人和时代。所选的许多文学作品展示了我们已经知道的猫的形象，但也有我们还不知道的。这当然丰富了我们对这些与人类生活如此密切的动物的看法。对资料的批判性概述无疑证实了作者在前言中提出的主张，即猫在古代日本文学中似乎相对常见。
{"title":"Kilka uwag o kotach w (nie tylko) klasycznej literaturze japońskiej na kanwie książki Anny Zalewskiej O czarnym kocie cesarza i inne opowieści. Koty w dawnej literaturze japońskiej","authors":"A. Bednarczyk","doi":"10.4467/23538724gs.23.010.18156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/23538724gs.23.010.18156","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses Anna Zalewska’s book O czarnym kocie cesarza i inne opowieści. Koty w dawnej literaturze japońskiej [On the Emperor’s Black Cat and Other Tales: Cats in Old Japanese Literature] published in 2022 by the Manggha Museum of Japanese Art and Technology in Kraków. The book is probably the first publication outside of Japan that so extensively presents Japanese felinographic topics from the perspective of literary and cultural studies. This study is an anthologized monograph, which treats cats in Japan in a cross-sectional manner (historically, genologically, semantically) up to the beginning of the Meiji period. The article emphasizes that through the stories about cats included in the book, one can also learn much about the people and the times in which they lived. Many of the literary works selected show representations of the cat that we already know, but also those that we have not yet known. This certainly enriches the way we look at these animals that live so closely with humans. The critical overview of the sources undoubtedly confirms the author’s claim set out in the preface that cats appear to be relatively common in old Japanese literature.","PeriodicalId":121113,"journal":{"name":"Gdańskie Studia Azji Wschodniej","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131900198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.4467/23538724gs.23.015.18161
Kamil Zeidler, Joanna Kamień
Professor Jan Rowiński died on 2 January 2023 in Piaseczno (near Warsaw). He was a member of the Academic Council of the Centre of East Asian Studies at the University of Gdańsk and of the scholarly bi-annual journal Gdańsk East Asian Studies. Jan Rowiński was a professor of the University of Warsaw. As a scholar and a diplomat, he was concerned with China for most of his professional life. He wrote many scholarly articles and books on the politics, culture, and history of China, and his passion for these subjects inspired generations of undergraduates, doctoral students, and colleagues. Inter alia, he owed his knowledge of China and the Chinese to the experience of the many years he spent there first as a student and later as a diplomat. He was born on 11 May 1936 in Kiełpiny. From 1954 to 1959, he studied at the University of Beijing and at the Institute of Diplomacy in Beijing. From the beginning of his studies in Beijing he devoted his entire professional life to the study of East Asia, especially China. He witnessed the transformations that took place in China, and observed the changes in the structures of power there. China had a considerable influence on his way of life. It is difficult to overestimate his contribution to research into that part of the world. His professional life ran on two tracks: on one hand, in diplomacy; on the other, in the academic world. As an employee of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs he worked in the Embassy of the Republic of Poland in Beijing. Between 1995 and 2001, he was counsellor-minister plenipotentiary and deputy ambassador of the Republic of Poland to the People’s Republic of China. From 1969, he was connected with the Polish Institute of International Affairs, where he held several academic posts, and after completing his habilitation in 1987 was appointed professor there. In 2002, he became professor at the Institute of International Relations of the University of Warsaw in the Faculty of Journalism and Political Science, where he worked until 2013. At the University of Warsaw, he conducted classes on the foreign policies of China and Japan, the history and civilization of East Asia, and international relations in the Asia-Pacific region. He supervised the work of many doctoral students and reviewed doctoral and post-doctoral dissertations. For his achievements, Professor Rowiński was awarded the Knight’s Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta and the Gold Cross of Merit.
{"title":"Jan Rowiński (1936–2023)","authors":"Kamil Zeidler, Joanna Kamień","doi":"10.4467/23538724gs.23.015.18161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/23538724gs.23.015.18161","url":null,"abstract":"Professor Jan Rowiński died on 2 January 2023 in Piaseczno (near Warsaw). He was a member of the Academic Council of the Centre of East Asian Studies at the University of Gdańsk and of the scholarly bi-annual journal Gdańsk East Asian Studies.\u0000\u0000Jan Rowiński was a professor of the University of Warsaw. As a scholar and a diplomat, he was concerned with China for most of his professional life. He wrote many scholarly articles and books on the politics, culture, and history of China, and his passion for these subjects inspired generations of undergraduates, doctoral students, and colleagues. Inter alia, he owed his knowledge of China and the Chinese to the experience of the many years he spent there first as a student and later as a diplomat.\u0000\u0000He was born on 11 May 1936 in Kiełpiny. From 1954 to 1959, he studied at the University of Beijing and at the Institute of Diplomacy in Beijing. From the beginning of his studies in Beijing he devoted his entire professional life to the study of East Asia, especially China. He witnessed the transformations that took place in China, and observed the changes in the structures of power there. China had a considerable influence on his way of life. It is difficult to overestimate his contribution to research into that part of the world.\u0000\u0000His professional life ran on two tracks: on one hand, in diplomacy; on the other, in the academic world. As an employee of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs he worked in the Embassy of the Republic of Poland in Beijing. Between 1995 and 2001, he was counsellor-minister plenipotentiary and deputy ambassador of the Republic of Poland to the People’s Republic of China. From 1969, he was connected with the Polish Institute of International Affairs, where he held several academic posts, and after completing his habilitation in 1987 was appointed professor there. In 2002, he became professor at the Institute of International Relations of the University of Warsaw in the Faculty of Journalism and Political Science, where he worked until 2013. At the University of Warsaw, he conducted classes on the foreign policies of China and Japan, the history and civilization of East Asia, and international relations in the Asia-Pacific region. He supervised the work of many doctoral students and reviewed doctoral and post-doctoral dissertations.\u0000\u0000For his achievements, Professor Rowiński was awarded the Knight’s Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta and the Gold Cross of Merit.","PeriodicalId":121113,"journal":{"name":"Gdańskie Studia Azji Wschodniej","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130208628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.4467/23538724gs.23.018.18164
Kamil Zeidler
250 Ważnym punktem jego wystąpienia była także globalizacja kultury medialnej i pytanie, czy wspiera ona różnorodność kulturową, a jeżeli tak, to w jaki sposób. Niezwykle ciekawe były również kolejne prezentacje w ramach sesji otwierających sympozjum. Profesor Michael Lucken (Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales) skupił się na nieoczywistych relacjach pomiędzy Japonią a starożytną Grecją, a dr Lane Crotchers (Illinois State University) przeanalizował relacje między Stanami Zjednoczonymi a Chinami w kontekście soft power, kapitału i popkultury. Interdyscyplinarność sympozjum pozwoliła na spotkanie się badaczy z obszarów nauk politycznych, socjologii, kulturoznawstwa, studiów międzynarodowych oraz filologii. Tematyka wystąpień dotyczyła więc zarówno zaangażowania aktorów politycznych w przepływ kultury na świecie, w tym także pojęcia soft power (jego nowych ujęć, konceptualizacji i zastosowania w 2022 r.) czy polityki kulturalnej, jak i odbioru produktów wschodnioazjatyckiej kultury medialnej na świecie przez szeroką publiczność (glokalizacja, hybrydowość, transnarodowość). Badacze próbowali odpowiedzieć na pytanie postawione przez organizatorów, czy dobra kultury Azji Wschodniej, postrzegane jeszcze do niedawna jako odmienne i egzotyczne, stają się nowym „głównym nurtem” i jakie mogą być tego konsekwencje polityczne oraz w obszarze badań nad tą tematyką.
{"title":"Kimono. Nieprzebrane inspiracje, Muzeum Sztuki i Techniki Japońskiej Manggha, Kraków, 20 listopada 2022 r. – 10 kwietnia 2023 r.","authors":"Kamil Zeidler","doi":"10.4467/23538724gs.23.018.18164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/23538724gs.23.018.18164","url":null,"abstract":"250 Ważnym punktem jego wystąpienia była także globalizacja kultury medialnej i pytanie, czy wspiera ona różnorodność kulturową, a jeżeli tak, to w jaki sposób. Niezwykle ciekawe były również kolejne prezentacje w ramach sesji otwierających sympozjum. Profesor Michael Lucken (Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales) skupił się na nieoczywistych relacjach pomiędzy Japonią a starożytną Grecją, a dr Lane Crotchers (Illinois State University) przeanalizował relacje między Stanami Zjednoczonymi a Chinami w kontekście soft power, kapitału i popkultury. Interdyscyplinarność sympozjum pozwoliła na spotkanie się badaczy z obszarów nauk politycznych, socjologii, kulturoznawstwa, studiów międzynarodowych oraz filologii. Tematyka wystąpień dotyczyła więc zarówno zaangażowania aktorów politycznych w przepływ kultury na świecie, w tym także pojęcia soft power (jego nowych ujęć, konceptualizacji i zastosowania w 2022 r.) czy polityki kulturalnej, jak i odbioru produktów wschodnioazjatyckiej kultury medialnej na świecie przez szeroką publiczność (glokalizacja, hybrydowość, transnarodowość). Badacze próbowali odpowiedzieć na pytanie postawione przez organizatorów, czy dobra kultury Azji Wschodniej, postrzegane jeszcze do niedawna jako odmienne i egzotyczne, stają się nowym „głównym nurtem” i jakie mogą być tego konsekwencje polityczne oraz w obszarze badań nad tą tematyką.","PeriodicalId":121113,"journal":{"name":"Gdańskie Studia Azji Wschodniej","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126726899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.4467/23538724gs.23.007.18153
Nicolas Levi
The purpose of the paper is to discuss the intangible and tangible assets related to Confucianism in North Korea. The study aims to demonstrate that there is a dichotomy between the official discourse, the adherence of the North Korean leaders to Confucian values, and the policy toward Confucian and neo-Confucian assets existing in North Korea. The method which is used in this essay is based on an analysis of various historical sources relevant to the description and analysis of the functions of Confucian and neo-Confucian assets in North Korea. It is concluded that the concepts of filial piety and the role of women were culturally transformed. This essay is based to a large extent on North Korean documents. It also briefly mentions North Korean researchers who studied Confucianism and neo-Confucianism in the Korean Peninsula. The answer to the research problem will allow us to determine what the place is of Confucianism in the official discourse and in the cultural heritage of North Korea. The essay also provides elements explaining why Confucian and neo-Confucian tangible assets constitute cultural and economic tools of North Korean government policy.
{"title":"Chosen aspects of intangible and tangible legacies of Confucianism in North Korea","authors":"Nicolas Levi","doi":"10.4467/23538724gs.23.007.18153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/23538724gs.23.007.18153","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the paper is to discuss the intangible and tangible assets related to Confucianism in North Korea. The study aims to demonstrate that there is a dichotomy between the official discourse, the adherence of the North Korean leaders to Confucian values, and the policy toward Confucian and neo-Confucian assets existing in North Korea. The method which is used in this essay is based on an analysis of various historical sources relevant to the description and analysis of the functions of Confucian and neo-Confucian assets in North Korea. It is concluded that the concepts of filial piety and the role of women were culturally transformed. This essay is based to a large extent on North Korean documents. It also briefly mentions North Korean researchers who studied Confucianism and neo-Confucianism in the Korean Peninsula. The answer to the research problem will allow us to determine what the place is of Confucianism in the official discourse and in the cultural heritage of North Korea. The essay also provides elements explaining why Confucian and neo-Confucian tangible assets constitute cultural and economic tools of North Korean government policy.","PeriodicalId":121113,"journal":{"name":"Gdańskie Studia Azji Wschodniej","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115445711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.4467/23538724gs.23.001.18147
Sylwia Pangsy-Kania, Katarzyna Kania
The Space Economy means the entire range of actions and exploitation of resources that are of value and use to humans in the course of the exploration, understanding, management, and use of space. The article discusses the economic role of the moon in the context of the race between China and the USA for its resources and for hegemony in space. An expression of China’s growing importance in terms of technological and economic primacy in space is The Space Silk Road, the aim of which is to extend Chinese influence not just on earth. Within the framework of The Space Silk Road, priorities include areas such as quantum communication, robotics, AI, flight, and the promotion of civilian-military cooperation. The BeiDou constellation of satellites is a key aspect of the Space Silk Road. The moon is an important element in The Space Silk Road, as it is to be a point of departure for further space exploration. It also is in itself an element of the space economy because of its raw materials. China plans to establish a research station on the moon by 2030.
{"title":"Księżyc jako element Kosmicznego Jedwabnego Szlaku – chińska percepcja space economy","authors":"Sylwia Pangsy-Kania, Katarzyna Kania","doi":"10.4467/23538724gs.23.001.18147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/23538724gs.23.001.18147","url":null,"abstract":"The Space Economy means the entire range of actions and exploitation of resources that are of value and use to humans in the course of the exploration, understanding, management, and use of space. The article discusses the economic role of the moon in the context of the race between China and the USA for its resources and for hegemony in space. An expression of China’s growing importance in terms of technological and economic primacy in space is The Space Silk Road, the aim of which is to extend Chinese influence not just on earth. Within the framework of The Space Silk Road, priorities include areas such as quantum communication, robotics, AI, flight, and the promotion of civilian-military cooperation. The BeiDou constellation of satellites is a key aspect of the Space Silk Road. The moon is an important element in The Space Silk Road, as it is to be a point of departure for further space exploration. It also is in itself an element of the space economy because of its raw materials. China plans to establish a research station on the moon by 2030.","PeriodicalId":121113,"journal":{"name":"Gdańskie Studia Azji Wschodniej","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128875411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.4467/23538724gs.23.004.18150
Amelia Macioszek
This article aims at introducing Tang Ying (1682–1756), who is better known as the manager of the Jingdezhen manufacture than as a poet. Some of his short and expressive poems known in Chinese literature under the name of jueju 絕句 were translated by my students during our classical Chinese club sessions. Each translation is different not only because of the fact that each poem is different, but also because each of the students has his/her unique way of looking at the poems and understanding them. Poetry translation is one of the hardest tasks, as it requires not only knowledge of the language from which it is being translated, but also a unique skill in grasping a poem’s essence. Even though little is known about where and how jueju developed, the dominant theories speculate that they have their source during the Tang dynasty. They are known for their brevity and their poignant nature, which enchanted not only professional poets, but also “laymen” in this regard such as Tang Ying.
{"title":"Ulotne obrazy słowem malowane. Tłumaczenia jueju Tang Yinga 唐英 (1682–1756) autorstwa studentów trzeciego roku sinologii Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego","authors":"Amelia Macioszek","doi":"10.4467/23538724gs.23.004.18150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/23538724gs.23.004.18150","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims at introducing Tang Ying (1682–1756), who is better known as the manager of the Jingdezhen manufacture than as a poet. Some of his short and expressive poems known in Chinese literature under the name of jueju 絕句 were translated by my students during our classical Chinese club sessions. Each translation is different not only because of the fact that each poem is different, but also because each of the students has his/her unique way of looking at the poems and understanding them. Poetry translation is one of the hardest tasks, as it requires not only knowledge of the language from which it is being translated, but also a unique skill in grasping a poem’s essence. Even though little is known about where and how jueju developed, the dominant theories speculate that they have their source during the Tang dynasty. They are known for their brevity and their poignant nature, which enchanted not only professional poets, but also “laymen” in this regard such as Tang Ying.","PeriodicalId":121113,"journal":{"name":"Gdańskie Studia Azji Wschodniej","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125341464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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