Field Analytical Chemistry and Technology最新文献

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Continuous, rapid biological aerosol detection with the use of UV fluorescence: Outdoor test results 使用紫外荧光进行连续、快速的生物气溶胶检测:室外测试结果

Field Analytical Chemistry and Technology

Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6521(1999)3:4/5<249::AID-FACT4>3.0.CO;2-O

J. Eversole, J. Hardgrove, W. Cary, D. P. Choulas, M. Seaver

This report describes the design and principles of operation of an instrument for separately monitoring ambient aerosol concentrations of biological and nonbiological composition. A method of outdoor testing, and recent results, are also described. The single-particle fluorescence analyzer (SPFA) draws ambient air into an optical chamber through a sampling nozzle. Detection signals from each aerosol particle consist of an elastic scattering response as well as fluorescent emission in two distinct spectral bands. Differentiation of biological aerosols is based on the relative intensity of ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence measured from the particles following excitation with a 266-nm-wavelength laser pulse. During outdoor tests two types of organisms were released as aerosol sprays: Erwinia herbicola vegetative cells and Bacillus subtilis spores. The SPFA participated in 39 of a total set of 40 outdoor tests. Twenty-seven tests released E. herbicola and nine released B. subtilis. Analysis of these results indicates that a reliability of detection of about 90% for E. herbicola, and of about 87% for B. subtilis were achieved under the conditions of the tests, with a sensitivity near 1 particle/l. Some tests involved release of nonbiological aerosols that did not result in a significant change in fluorescent signals in the instrument. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.* Field Analyt Chem Technol 3: 249–259, 1999

本报告描述了一种仪器的设计和操作原理，用于分别监测环境气溶胶的生物和非生物成分浓度。还描述了一种室外测试方法和最近的结果。单粒子荧光分析仪(SPFA)通过采样喷嘴将周围空气吸入光学室。每个气溶胶粒子的探测信号包括弹性散射响应和两个不同光谱波段的荧光发射。生物气溶胶的区分是基于在266纳米波长激光脉冲激发后测量的粒子的紫外线(UV)荧光的相对强度。在室外试验中，两种类型的生物以气溶胶喷雾剂的形式释放:厄尔温菌除草剂营养细胞和枯草芽孢杆菌孢子。SPFA参加了总共40项户外测试中的39项。27个试验释放出除草剂芽孢杆菌，9个试验释放出枯草芽孢杆菌。结果表明，该方法对草芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的检测可靠性分别为90%和87%，灵敏度接近1粒/l。一些测试涉及释放非生物气溶胶，这不会导致仪器中的荧光信号发生重大变化。©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.* Field analyst Chem technology 3: 249 - 259,1999

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引用次数: 41

Study of purified bacteria and viruses by pyrolysis mass spectrometry 裂解质谱法纯化细菌和病毒的研究

Field Analytical Chemistry and Technology

Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6521(1999)3:6<357::AID-FACT5>3.0.CO;2-J

S. Luo, J. Mohr, D. Sickenberger, Alex Hryncewich

Pyrolysis mass spectrometry (Py-MS), incorporating an in situ thermal hydrolysis and methylation (THM) step, was used to profile methylated lipids (e.g., fatty acids and cholesterol) from pathogenic viruses and bacteria by means of a field-portable ion-trap MS instrument referred to as the chemical/biological mass spectrometer (CBMS). The CBMS has been successfully tested for biological warfare agents to give correct classification (three classes—spore, vegetative cell, and toxin) in both field and chamber tests. Incorporating an in situ THM step in the CBMS will improve its capabilities to better identify biomarkers from bacteria and viruses. Mass spectra of one bacterial and two viral pathogens (grown by cell cultures) were produced with a total analysis time of 3 min per profile and could be separated when examined by principal-component analysis (PCA). © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Field Analyt Chem Technol 3: 357–374, 1999

热解质谱法(Py-MS)采用原位热水解和甲基化(THM)步骤，通过现场便携式离子阱质谱仪(化学/生物质谱仪(CBMS))来分析病原病毒和细菌的甲基化脂质(如脂肪酸和胆固醇)。CBMS已经成功地对生物战剂进行了测试，在现场和室内测试中给出了正确的分类(孢子、营养细胞和毒素三类)。在CBMS中加入原位THM步骤将提高其更好地识别细菌和病毒生物标志物的能力。生成了一种细菌和两种病毒病原体(通过细胞培养)的质谱，每个谱图的总分析时间为3分钟，并可以通过主成分分析(PCA)进行分离。©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc化学工程学报，2003,19 (3):357-374

引用次数: 11

Harsh-environment mass spectrometry workshop summary 恶劣环境质谱研讨会总结

Field Analytical Chemistry and Technology

Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6521(1999)3:6<375::AID-FACT6>3.0.CO;2-C

D. Fries, T. Short

引用次数: 0

Chemical and biological aerosol detection and identification with field analytical instrumentation 用现场分析仪器进行化学和生物气溶胶的检测和鉴定

Field Analytical Chemistry and Technology

Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6521(1999)3:4/5<219::AID-FACT1>3.0.CO;2-5

A. Snyder

引用次数: 7

Stimulation, simulation and field calibration 刺激，模拟和现场校准

Field Analytical Chemistry and Technology

Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6521(1999)3:6<327::AID-FACT1>3.0.CO;2-3

HenkL.C. Meuzelaar

引用次数: 0

Bio-aerosol fluorescence sensor 生物气溶胶荧光传感器

Field Analytical Chemistry and Technology

Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6521(1999)3:4/5<240::AID-FACT3>3.0.CO;2-#

F. L. Reyes, T. Jeys, N. Newbury, C. A. Primmerman, G. Rowe, A. Sanchez

A real-time, point-type sensor has been developed for early warning of threat bio-aerosols. The sensor, which is based on laser-induced-fluorescence detection of aerosol particles, incorporates two spectral channels for discrimination of threat aerosols from background aerosols. Field tests at Dugway Proving Ground, Utah, in September 1997 showed that the sensor can detect threat bio-aerosols at a concentration of 5–10 particles per liter of air and can discriminate threat aerosol from natural background aerosols. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Field Anal Chem Technol 3: 240–248, 1999

研制了一种实时点式传感器，用于生物气溶胶威胁的早期预警。该传感器基于激光诱导的气溶胶粒子荧光检测，包含两个光谱通道，用于区分威胁气溶胶和背景气溶胶。1997年9月在犹他州Dugway试验场进行的现场试验表明，该传感器可以检测每升空气中浓度为5-10个颗粒的威胁生物气溶胶，并可以将威胁气溶胶与自然本底气溶胶区分开来。©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc化学工程学报(自然科学版)，1999

引用次数: 75

Surface‐enhanced Raman detection of chemical vapors with the use of personal dosimeters 使用个人剂量计对化学蒸气进行表面增强拉曼检测

Field Analytical Chemistry and Technology

Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6521(1999)3:6<346::AID-FACT4>3.0.CO;2-Q

T. Vo‐Dinh, D. Stokes

This article provides an overview of the development and application of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for the detection of vapors of organic chemicals with the use of personal dosimetry. The approach used with this personal dosimeter requires no sample desorption or wet-chemical extraction procedure. The dosimeter employs the SERS technique for direct measurement of the amount of analyte collected on the sample substrate. SERS substrates based on nanoparticles developed in our laboratory have been incorporated in this dosimeter design. Polymers applied to these solid-based SERS substrates can further enhance dosimeter shelf life, ruggedness, and chemical selectivity. Use of this SERS dosimeter for the determination of time-weighted average exposures to chemical vapors has been demonstrated. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Field Analyt Chem Technol 3: 346–356, 1999

本文综述了表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)在个人剂量法检测有机化学品蒸气中的发展和应用。这种个人剂量计使用的方法不需要样品解吸或湿化学萃取程序。剂量计采用SERS技术直接测量在样品衬底上收集的分析物的量。基于我们实验室开发的纳米颗粒的SERS衬底已被纳入该剂量计设计。应用于这些固体基SERS衬底的聚合物可以进一步提高剂量计的保质期，坚固性和化学选择性。使用这种SERS剂量计的测定时间加权平均暴露于化学蒸气已被证明。©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc化学工程学报，1999,31 (3):346-356

引用次数: 19

A new all-season passive sampling system for monitoring NO2 in air 一种新型的全季节空气NO2被动采样系统

Field Analytical Chemistry and Technology

Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6521(1999)3:6<338::AID-FACT3>3.0.CO;2-U

H. Tang, T. Lau, B. Brassard, W. Cool

A new all-season passive sampling system for monitoring NO2 in air has been developed. This passive sampling system employs the same approach as the all-season sampling system for monitoring SO2 reported in FACT [Vol. 1(5), 1997] before, but a new collection medium (CHEMIX™) for sampling NO2 has been developed and is used. Compared to the existing collection media used for NO2 passive samplers, such as a triethanolamine (TEA)-coated cellulose fiber filter, CHEMIX™ is less affected by temperature and relative humidity, and has a higher sampling rate. This system has been extensively tested in the lab (temperature from −27 to 20 °C, relative humidity from 4 to 80%, and wind speed from 0.5 to 150 cm/s) and validated in the field in all climates. Comparing measurements obtained with the use of the new passive sampling system with equivalent measurements with the use of a continuous NO2 analyzer yielded an accuracy of greater than 85%. The new NO2 passive sampling system can be used to measure ambient NO2 concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 50 ppb based on a 1-month exposure period. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Field Analyt Chem Technol 3: 338–345, 1999

研制了一种新的全季节空气中二氧化氮被动采样系统。该被动采样系统采用了与FACT[1997年第1卷第5期]之前报道的监测二氧化硫的全季节采样系统相同的方法，但已经开发并使用了一种用于采样二氧化氮的新收集介质(chemx™)。与现有用于NO2被动采样器的收集介质(如三乙醇胺(TEA)涂层纤维素纤维过滤器)相比，chemx™受温度和相对湿度的影响较小，并且具有更高的采样率。该系统已在实验室进行了广泛的测试(温度从- 27°C到20°C，相对湿度从4%到80%，风速从0.5到150 cm/s)，并在所有气候条件下进行了现场验证。将使用新被动采样系统获得的测量结果与使用连续NO2分析仪获得的等效测量结果进行比较，准确度大于85%。新的NO2被动采样系统可用于测量环境NO2浓度范围从0.1到50 ppb基于1个月的暴露期。©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc化学工程学报，1999,32 (3):338-345

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引用次数: 32

Analysis of trace COS in samples with high concentrations of H2S by gas chromatography and a sulfur chemiluminescence detector 用气相色谱法和硫化学发光检测器分析高浓度硫化氢样品中的痕量COS

Field Analytical Chemistry and Technology

Pub Date : 1997-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6521(1997)1:3<171::AID-FACT7>3.0.CO;2-#

H. Tang, P. Heaton, B. Brassard

Keywords: carbonyl sulfide; Kitagawa tube; gas chromatography; sulfur chemiluminescence detector

关键词:羰基硫化物;北川管;气相色谱法;硫化学发光探测器

引用次数: 1

Sampling error associated with collection and analysis of soil samples at TNT‐contaminated sites 与TNT污染场地土壤样本收集和分析相关的采样误差

Field Analytical Chemistry and Technology

Pub Date : 1997-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6521(1997)1:3<151::AID-FACT5>3.0.CO;2-#

T. Jenkins, C. Grant, G. Brar, P. Thorne, P. Schumacher, T. Ranney

This study assessed short-range spatial het- erogeneity of TNT concentrations in surface soils at ex- plosives-contaminated sites. Discrete and composite samples were analyzed by both on-site calorimetric techniques and standard laboratory protocols. Three lo- cations were sampled at each of three installations, and the results were used to estimate the relative contribu- tions of analytical error and sampling error. The major contaminant at seven of the nine sampling locations was TNT, and the on-site calorimetric method provided results that were in excellent agreement with laboratory results from the use of SW846 Method 8330. At four of the seven TNT locations, short-range concentration variations were modest and analyte distribution was sufficiently Gaussian to allow application of normal dis- tribution statistics to fractionate the total error vari- ances. For these four locations, standard deviations due to sampling were greater than the corresponding standard deviations due to analysis by factors ranging from 2.6 to 22.8. This relationship held whether charac- terization was done with the use of on-site analysis or laboratory analysis. For the other three TNT locations, enormous short-range spatial heterogeneity was en- countered and sampling error overwhelmed analytical error. To improve estimates of mean concentrations, sampling error was reduced by the use of composite sampling strategies. Overall, this study indicates that characterization of explosives-contaminated sites with the use of a combination of composite sampling, in- field sample homogenization, and on-site calorimetric analysis is an efftcient method of obtaining accurate and precise mean concentration estimates that are rep- resentative of the area. @ 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Field Analyt Chem Technol 1:151-163,1997

本研究评估了炸药污染场地表层土壤中TNT浓度的短期空间热蚀性。通过现场量热技术和标准实验室方案对离散和复合样品进行了分析。在三个装置中分别对三个位置进行采样，并使用结果来估计分析误差和采样误差的相对贡献。9个采样点中有7个的主要污染物是TNT，现场量热法提供的结果与使用SW846方法8330的实验室结果非常一致。在七个TNT地点中的四个，短期浓度变化是适度的，分析物分布是充分的高斯分布，允许应用正态分布统计来对总误差方差进行分馏。对于这四个地点，抽样产生的标准差大于2.6 ~ 22.8因子分析产生的标准差。无论用现场分析还是实验室分析，这种关系都是成立的。对于其他三个TNT地点，巨大的近程空间异质性被抵消了，抽样误差超过了分析误差。为了提高平均浓度的估计，使用复合抽样策略减少了抽样误差。总的来说，这项研究表明，结合使用复合采样、现场样品均质化和现场量热分析来表征爆炸物污染场地是一种有效的方法，可以获得准确和精确的代表该地区的平均浓度估计。John Wiley & Sons, Inc化学工程学报(英文版)，1997

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引用次数: 56

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