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The changing epidemiology of Candida species in Asia Pacific and evidence for optimizing antifungal dosing in challenging clinical scenarios. 亚太地区念珠菌种类的流行病学变化以及在具有挑战性的临床情况下优化抗真菌剂量的证据。
IF 3.8 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-31 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2025.2539427
Yee-Chun Chen, Sohita Dhillon, Nicholas Adomakoh, Jason A Roberts

Introduction: The global burden of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) is increasing, with the threat of disease exacerbated by the emergence of antifungal resistance. While antifungals remain the mainstay for the treatment of IFIs, there is a growing recognition of the many patient variables, particularly in challenging situations (e.g. critically ill patients), that can impact the exposure of antifungals.

Areas covered: This narrative review focuses on the changing epidemiology of Candida species in Asia Pacific and evidence for optimizing antifungal dosing in challenging clinical scenarios, based on a symposium held at the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology Asia Congress in Bangkok, Thailand, on 1 August 2024.

Expert opinion: Antifungal resistance is common and increasing among fungal pathogens (e.g. Candida species) in the Asia Pacific. Optimal drug selection and dosing of antifungals is critical for achieving the best therapeutic outcomes and limiting resistance emergence, particularly in challenging clinical scenarios. Current 'standard' doses of antifungals do not account for pharmacokinetic variations in critically ill patients and can lead to suboptimal exposures, highlighting the need for better dosing regimens in these patients. Therapeutic drug monitoring is a valuable strategy for optimizing antifungal therapy, and its use is encouraged, particularly in critically ill patients.

侵袭性真菌感染(IFIs)的全球负担正在增加,随着抗真菌耐药性的出现,疾病的威胁加剧。虽然抗真菌药物仍然是国际金融机构治疗的主要手段,但人们越来越认识到许多患者变量,特别是在具有挑战性的情况下(例如危重患者),这些情况可能影响抗真菌药物的使用。涵盖领域:本综述以2024年8月1日在泰国曼谷举行的国际人类和动物真菌学学会亚洲大会上举行的研讨会为基础,重点关注亚太地区念珠菌种类的流行病学变化以及在具有挑战性的临床情况下优化抗真菌剂量的证据。专家意见:抗真菌耐药性在亚太地区的真菌病原体(如念珠菌)中很常见,并且正在增加。抗真菌药物的最佳选择和剂量对于实现最佳治疗结果和限制耐药性的出现至关重要,特别是在具有挑战性的临床情况下。目前抗真菌药物的“标准”剂量没有考虑到危重患者的药代动力学变化,并可能导致次优暴露,这突出表明需要对这些患者采用更好的给药方案。治疗药物监测是优化抗真菌治疗的一种有价值的策略,鼓励使用,特别是在危重患者中。
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引用次数: 0
Challenges and controversies of urinary tract infection treatment in kidney transplant recipients. 肾移植受者尿路感染治疗的挑战与争议。
IF 3.8 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-21 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2025.2561646
Mario Fernández-Ruiz, José María Aguado, Francisco López-Medrano

Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common infectious complication in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Beyond attributable morbidity and related costs, post-transplant UTI appears to exert a deleterious effect on graft outcomes. Uncertainties on the significance of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) and the increasing role as uropathogens of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) further complicate the therapeutic approach.

Areas covered: Following a contextualizing introduction on the epidemiology, risk factors and consequences of post-transplant UTI, we reviewed the rationale underlying the 'screen-and-treat' strategy for ASB and the recently generated evidence. Most appropriate regimens for the empirical treatment of cystitis and pyelonephritis are discussed in light of recent microbiological trends. The role of novel antibiotics against MDROs is considered, as well as the management of recurrent UTI and the feasibility of dedicated antibiotic stewardship programs (ASPs). Finally, future directions and unmet needs are addressed in the present narrative review.

Expert opinion: Despite advances to clarify the management of ASB and recent additions to the antibiotic armamentarium, research is needed to optimize the empirical and definitive therapy for post-transplant UTI. This should include the validation of predictive scores for MDRO infection, the effectiveness and safety of novel antibiotics, and the implementation of ASPs in KTRs.

导读:尿路感染(UTI)是肾移植受者最常见的感染性并发症。除了可归因的发病率和相关费用外,移植后尿路感染似乎对移植结果产生有害影响。对无症状性细菌尿(ASB)的重要性的不确定性以及多药耐药菌(mdro)作为尿路病原体的作用日益增加,进一步使治疗方法复杂化。涉及领域:在对移植后尿路感染的流行病学、风险因素和后果进行背景介绍之后,我们回顾了ASB“筛查和治疗”策略的基本原理和最近产生的证据。最适当的方案经验治疗膀胱炎和肾盂肾炎讨论了最近的微生物趋势。考虑了新型抗生素对mdro的作用,以及复发性UTI的管理和专用抗生素管理计划(asp)的可行性。最后,未来的方向和未满足的需求,在目前的叙述回顾。专家意见:尽管在澄清ASB的管理方面取得了进展,并且最近增加了抗生素药库,但仍需要进行研究以优化移植后尿路感染的经验性和确定性治疗。这应该包括MDRO感染预测评分的验证,新型抗生素的有效性和安全性,以及在ktr中实施asp。
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引用次数: 0
Penile microbiomes have important implications for HIV susceptibility and broader reproductive health. 阴茎微生物组对艾滋病毒易感性和更广泛的生殖健康具有重要意义。
IF 3.8 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-03 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2025.2541712
Rameen Jamil, Jessica L Prodger, Ronald M Galiwango, Cindy M Liu, Aaron A R Tobian, Rupert Kaul
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引用次数: 0
Genomic surveillance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: a crucial tool in the global fight against antimicrobial resistance. 淋病奈瑟菌基因组监测:全球抗击抗菌素耐药性的重要工具
IF 3.8 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2025.2569049
Daniel Golparian, Ismael Maatouk, Magnus Unemo
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引用次数: 0
Fungal infections in pediatric patients: challenges and considerations in treatment. 儿科患者真菌感染:治疗中的挑战和考虑。
IF 3.8 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2025.2574707
Elio Castagnola, Marcelo Mariani, Erica Ricci, Chiara Russo, Carolina Saffioti, Alessio Mesini

Introduction: Invasive fungal diseases (IFD) cause significant morbidity and mortality in children, who have unique risk factors like premature birth, genetic conditions, and immunodeficiencies. They also share adult risk factors, such as antineoplastic treatments and intensive care. This narrative review summarizes epidemiology and focus on diagnosis, and treatment of IFD in pediatric patients.

Area covered: Diagnosing IFD in children is challenging due to the difficulties in obtaining sufficient blood or CSF for cultures from small patients. Additionally, antigen detection methods often perform poorly, except perhaps beta-glucan in newborns and galactomannan in neutropenic patients or samples from the infection site. Nonspecific imaging findings further complicate diagnosis. Therapeutic complexities arise from age- or disease-dependent pharmacokinetics, limited availability of child-friendly drug formulations, and frequent drug-drug and food-drug interactions, often requiring therapeutic drug monitoring for optimal outcomes.

Expert opinion: There is and will be further needed therapeutic drug monitoring for all antifungal drugs in children. Prioritizing pediatric-specific research and developing standardized treatment protocols are crucial. Furthermore, regulatory reforms are essential to expedite access to new diagnostic and treatment strategies for IFD in children.

侵袭性真菌病(IFD)在儿童中引起显著的发病率和死亡率,儿童具有独特的危险因素,如早产、遗传条件和免疫缺陷。他们也有相同的成人风险因素,如抗肿瘤治疗和重症监护。本文综述了小儿IFD的流行病学,并着重于诊断和治疗。涵盖领域:诊断儿童IFD具有挑战性,因为很难从小患者身上获得足够的血液或CSF进行培养。此外,抗原检测方法通常表现不佳,除了新生儿的β -葡聚糖和中性粒细胞减少患者或感染部位样本的半乳甘露聚糖。非特异性影像学表现进一步使诊断复杂化。治疗的复杂性来自于年龄或疾病依赖性药代动力学,儿童友好型药物配方的有限供应,以及频繁的药物-药物和食物-药物相互作用,通常需要监测治疗药物以获得最佳结果。专家意见:目前存在并将进一步需要对所有儿童抗真菌药物进行治疗性药物监测。优先考虑儿科研究和制定标准化治疗方案至关重要。此外,监管改革对于加快获得儿童IFD的新诊断和治疗战略至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
The second-order effects that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on pediatric populations. COVID-19大流行对儿科人群的二阶影响。
IF 3.8 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2025.2575044
Lael M Yonker, David Dredge, Alasdair Munro, Costanza Di Chiara, Nicola Cotugno, Danilo Buonsenso

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 can have long-term health consequences that persist beyond acute infection. While this is evident in adults and the elderly, the impact on children and adolescents remains under recognized. Here we navigate the second-order post-acute effects that the COVID-19 has had on the pediatric populations, with the exception of the mental health implication of social restrictions.

Areas covered: We outline common scenarios related with SARS-CoV-2 infection encountered in pediatric clinical practice, such as in the Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C), Long Covid, neurological and autoimmune complications of Covid-19, immunological impact of the viral infection, as well as epidemiological and public health consequences associated with the implementation of non-pharmacological interventions.

Expert opinion: SARS-CoV-2 has had several second-order effects on child health, from a biological, epidemiological, and public health perspective, highlighting the complexity of dealing with new infections and the urgent need to implement multidisciplinary interventions that support the health of people at single person and societal level. Funding on modern surveillance system, preventing strategies and research to better understand and cure post-acute complications of viral infections should be a priority of every funding agency.

越来越多的人认识到,SARS-CoV-2可能会造成急性感染后持续存在的长期健康后果。虽然SARS-CoV-2对成人和老年人的长期健康影响很明显,但对儿童和青少年的影响仍未得到充分认识。在本文中,我们将COVID-19对儿科人群的二阶急性后影响(社会限制对心理健康的影响除外)排除在本综述的范围之外。涵盖领域:我们概述了在儿科临床实践中遇到的与SARS-CoV-2感染相关的常见情况,例如多系统炎症综合征(MIS-C)、长冠状病毒、Covid-19的神经和自身免疫性并发症、病毒感染的免疫学影响,以及与实施非药物干预相关的流行病学和公共卫生后果。专家意见:从生物学、流行病学和公共卫生的角度来看,SARS-CoV-2对儿童健康产生了若干二级影响,突出了处理新感染的复杂性,以及迫切需要实施多学科干预措施,在个人和社会层面支持人们的健康。为现代监测系统、预防战略和研究提供资金,以便更好地了解和治疗病毒感染的急性后并发症,应是每个供资机构的优先事项。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding the impact of antibiotic treatment on the diversity of gut microbiota species. 了解抗生素治疗对肠道菌群多样性的影响。
IF 3.8 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-25 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2025.2579881
Ioannis Alexandros Charitos, Luigi Santacroce, Skender Topi, Maria Assunta Potenza, Monica Montagnani, Marica Colella

Introduction: The community of microorganisms that colonize the intestine plays a vital role in regulating human metabolism and immune system function. According to translational medicine studies, administering antibiotics disrupts the balance of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal system, increasing the risk of multiple diseases. Dysregulation and reduction of the biodiversity of intestinal microbiota increase the risk of developing unhealthy conditions for the host. In this review, we tried to offer a current vision regarding the use of antibiotics and the modification of the intestinal microbiota.

Areas covered: Research has also shown that, in addition to antibiotics, the composition and balance of the intestinal microbiota depend on diet from the first days of life (breastfeeding or formula) and the mode of delivery (vaginal birth or cesarean section). Having this in mind, we performed an extensive literature search in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science on the relationships between human microbiota and antibiotics.

Expert opinion: Effective antimicrobial stewardship programs are urgently needed to reduce the misuse of antibiotics to avoid bacteria becoming more resistant, resulting in the ineffectiveness of antibiotics. Alternatives to antibiotics, e.g., targeted probiotics or bacteriophages, are increasingly considered as a strategy to preserve the intestinal microbiota diversity and maintain a good health status.

肠道内的微生物群落在调节人体代谢和免疫系统功能方面起着至关重要的作用。根据转化医学研究,使用抗生素会破坏胃肠道系统中微生物的平衡,增加多种疾病的风险。肠道微生物群生物多样性的失调和减少增加了宿主发展不健康状况的风险。在这篇综述中,我们试图就抗生素的使用和肠道菌群的改变提供一个当前的愿景。研究还表明,除抗生素外,肠道菌群的组成和平衡还取决于出生后第一天的饮食(母乳喂养或配方奶粉)和分娩方式(阴道分娩或剖宫产)。考虑到这一点,我们在PubMed, Scopus, Embase和Web of Science中进行了广泛的文献检索,研究人类微生物群与抗生素之间的关系。专家意见:迫切需要有效的抗菌药物管理规划,以减少抗生素的滥用,避免细菌变得更耐药,导致抗生素无效。抗生素的替代品,如靶向益生菌或噬菌体,作为保护肠道微生物群多样性和保持良好健康状态的策略。
{"title":"Understanding the impact of antibiotic treatment on the diversity of gut microbiota species.","authors":"Ioannis Alexandros Charitos, Luigi Santacroce, Skender Topi, Maria Assunta Potenza, Monica Montagnani, Marica Colella","doi":"10.1080/14787210.2025.2579881","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14787210.2025.2579881","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The community of microorganisms that colonize the intestine plays a vital role in regulating human metabolism and immune system function. According to translational medicine studies, administering antibiotics disrupts the balance of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal system, increasing the risk of multiple diseases. Dysregulation and reduction of the biodiversity of intestinal microbiota increase the risk of developing unhealthy conditions for the host. In this review, we tried to offer a current vision regarding the use of antibiotics and the modification of the intestinal microbiota.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>Research has also shown that, in addition to antibiotics, the composition and balance of the intestinal microbiota depend on diet from the first days of life (breastfeeding or formula) and the mode of delivery (vaginal birth or cesarean section). Having this in mind, we performed an extensive literature search in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science on the relationships between human microbiota and antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Effective antimicrobial stewardship programs are urgently needed to reduce the misuse of antibiotics to avoid bacteria becoming more resistant, resulting in the ineffectiveness of antibiotics. Alternatives to antibiotics, e.g., targeted probiotics or bacteriophages, are increasingly considered as a strategy to preserve the intestinal microbiota diversity and maintain a good health status.</p>","PeriodicalId":12213,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"907-916"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145367949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Incidence of staphylococcus aureus infections after surgical interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 手术干预后金黄色葡萄球菌感染的发生率:一项系统回顾和荟萃分析。
IF 3.8 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2025.2569833
Baher Elezbawy, Nada Abaza, Mirna Fasseeh, Rawda Elshahawy, Yosra S Mahmoud, Hassan Hendawy, Sergey R Konstantinov, Javier Ruiz-Guiñazú, Corinne Willame, Jeroen Geurtsen, Jan Poolman, Zoltán Voko, Dávid Nagy, Tamás Zelei, Sándor Kovács, Szimonetta Lohner

Introduction: Postoperative Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the incidence of postoperative S. aureus infections.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and Embase (2008-2023) for studies reporting S. aureus infections after hip or knee replacement, spinal surgery, craniotomy, coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG), open colon surgery, abdominal hysterectomy, cesarean section, peripheral vascular bypass, or elective plastic surgery in selected developed countries were considered. We conducted meta-analysis with a generalized linear mixed model and assessed risk of bias. This study is registered with PROSPERO,CRD42023416876.

Results: Data from 224 studies indicated a cumulative incidence of deep S. aureus infection after hip surgery 5.05 infections/1000 procedures (95% CI 3.29-7.74), 5.59 (95% CI 3.62-8.63) after knee surgery, 11.74 (95% CI 9.08-15.16) after spinal surgery, and 7.23 (95% CI 1.63-31.86) after CABG surgery. S. aureus infections were associated with increased all-cause mortality among CABG, hip, knee, and spinal surgeries. Patients cohorts who received antibiotic prophylaxis and/or underwent decolonization demonstrated lower incidence of S. aureus infections.

Conclusions: The incidence of S. aureus infections varies by procedure, with highest rates seen after spinal surgeries and hysterectomies. Findings highlight the importance of standardized prevention across surgical settings.

前言:术后金黄色葡萄球菌感染与发病率和死亡率增加有关。本系统综述和荟萃分析旨在总结术后金黄色葡萄球菌感染的发生率。方法:我们在MEDLINE、CENTRAL和Embase(2008-2023)中检索了在选定的发达国家报道髋关节或膝关节置换术、脊柱手术、开颅手术、冠状动脉搭桥手术(CABG)、开腹结肠手术、腹部子宫切除术、剖宫产术、周围血管搭桥术或选择性整形手术后发生金黄色葡萄球菌感染的研究。我们采用广义线性混合模型进行meta分析,评估偏倚风险。本研究注册号为PROSPERO,CRD42023416876。结果:224项研究的数据显示,髋关节手术后深度金黄色葡萄球菌感染的累积发生率为5.05例/1000例(95%CI 3.29-7.74),膝关节手术后为5.59例(95%CI 3.62-8.63),脊柱手术后为11.74例(95%CI 9.08-15.16), CABG手术后为7.23例(95%CI 1.63-31.86)。在CABG、髋关节、膝关节和脊柱手术中,金黄色葡萄球菌感染与全因死亡率增加有关。接受抗生素预防和/或去菌落治疗的患者队列显示金黄色葡萄球菌感染的发生率较低。结论:金黄色葡萄球菌感染的发生率因手术而异,脊柱手术和子宫切除术后的发生率最高。研究结果强调了手术环境中标准化预防的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis in people living with HIV in low-income countries: barriers and strategies. 低收入国家艾滋病毒感染者隐球菌脑膜炎诊断的障碍和策略。
IF 3.8 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2025.2554999
Jonathan Falconer, Tshiamo M Mmotsa, Nelesh P Govender, Joseph N Jarvis

Introduction: Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is the second leading cause of AIDS-related mortality where the burden of advanced HIV disease is concentrated. Advances in diagnostics and treatment, including cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) screening and short-course antifungal regimens, have improved clinical outcomes in trials, but replicating these same benefits in routine care has proven more difficult.

Areas covered: This review outlines the biological rationale for CrAg screening and examines the major operational barriers to effective CM diagnosis in low-income countries. An exploratory literature review identified peer-reviewed articles published before May 2025. We assess challenges for CD4 testing, CrAg screening, lumbar puncture (LP) performance, and routine surveillance. Novel approaches, including risk stratification with semi-quantitative CrAg testing are also described.

Expert opinion: The impact of recent diagnostic and treatment advances for cryptococcal disease has been constrained by gaps in implementation. Closing the diagnostic gap requires strengthening decentralized CD4 testing; expanding reflex and point-of-care CrAg, including use of semi-quantitative CrAg assays to prioritize those at highest risk for urgent LP and/or enhanced antifungal treatment; strengthening healthcare provider training, referral systems, LP access, and enhancing community engagement. Integration of these measures into national HIV programs alongside operational research could reduce mortality for patients and costs for health systems.

隐球菌性脑膜炎(CM)是艾滋病相关死亡的第二大原因,其中晚期艾滋病毒疾病的负担集中。诊断和治疗方面的进步,包括隐球菌抗原(CrAg)筛查和短期抗真菌方案,在试验中改善了临床结果,但在常规护理中复制这些相同的益处已被证明更加困难。涵盖领域:本综述概述了CrAg筛查的生物学原理,并检查了低收入国家有效诊断CM的主要操作障碍。一项探索性文献综述确定了2025年5月之前发表的同行评议文章。我们评估CD4检测、CrAg筛查、腰椎穿刺(LP)表现和常规监测的挑战。新的方法,包括风险分层与半定量CrAg测试也被描述。专家意见:最近隐球菌病的诊断和治疗进展的影响受到实施差距的限制。缩小诊断差距需要加强分散的CD4检测;扩大反射和即时护理CrAg,包括使用半定量CrAg测定来优先考虑紧急LP和/或增强抗真菌治疗的风险最高的患者;加强卫生保健提供者培训、转诊系统、LP获取和加强社区参与。将这些措施与业务研究一起纳入国家艾滋病毒规划,可以降低患者死亡率和卫生系统成本。
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引用次数: 0
Updates on Candida albicans infections: pathogenesis, resistance, and emerging nanopharmaceutical strategies. 白色念珠菌感染的最新进展:发病机制、耐药性和新兴的纳米药物策略。
IF 3.8 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2025.2569831
Marilena Pariano, Matteo Puccetti, Consuelo Fabi, Emilia Nunzi, Sarah Balucchi, Luana Perioli, Maurizio Ricci, Stefano Giovagnoli, Enrico Garaci, Luigina Romani

Introduction: Candidiasis comprises a spectrum of infections ranging from superficial mucosal to life-threatening systemic infections caused by the opportunistic yeast, Candida, a genus containing several species of heterogeneous behavior and unique pathogenesis in the human host. Candida albicans is the most prevalent species. The aim of this review is to provide an update on pathogenesis, resistance and emerging therapeutic strategies in candidiasis, with a focus on C. albicans.

Areas covered: We discuss recent advancements that have deepened our understanding of Candida pathogenesis, particularly the roles of morphological plasticity, metabolic flexibility, biofilm formation, multidrug resistance and gut dysbiosis. We interrogated three major databases, mainly PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar for the latest (with emphasis on the works published in the last 5 years) developments in antifungal resistance trends, diagnostic innovations, and novel therapeutic strategies, including next-generation antifungals, combination therapies and nanopharmaceuticals. Additionally, we explore emerging strategies, such as probiotics, vaccines, and antifungal stewardship, and discuss the impact of post-COVID-19 immunosuppression, cancer therapies, and climate change on candidiasis epidemiology.

Expert opinion: The future of C. albicans management lies in personalized approaches, leveraging genomics, host-pathogen interactions and advanced drug-delivery platforms to combat resistance, overcome the limitations of current systemic therapy and improve patient outcomes.

念珠菌病包括一系列感染,从浅表粘膜到危及生命的全身感染,由机会性酵母菌引起,念珠菌属,在人类宿主中包含几种异质行为和独特发病机制。白色念珠菌是最常见的种类。这篇综述的目的是提供关于念珠菌病的发病机制、耐药性和新兴治疗策略的最新进展,重点是白色念珠菌。涵盖领域:我们讨论了加深我们对念珠菌发病机制的理解的最新进展,特别是形态可塑性,代谢灵活性,生物膜形成,多药耐药和肠道生态失调的作用。我们检索了三个主要数据库,主要是PubMed、Scopus和谷歌Scholar,以获取抗真菌耐药性趋势、诊断创新和新治疗策略(包括下一代抗真菌药物、联合疗法和纳米药物)的最新进展(重点是最近5年发表的作品)。此外,我们探讨了新兴策略,如益生菌、疫苗和抗真菌管理,并讨论了covid -19后免疫抑制、癌症治疗和气候变化对念珠菌病流行病学的影响。专家意见:白色念珠菌管理的未来在于个性化的方法,利用基因组学、宿主-病原体相互作用和先进的给药平台来对抗耐药性,克服当前全身治疗的局限性,改善患者的预后。
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引用次数: 0
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Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy
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