Pub Date : 2022-02-25DOI: 10.17677/fn20714807.2022.01.03
Nikolay D. Kagramanov
{"title":"Fragmentation sequences - ion mass spectra series n-alkylhalgenides, α, ω-dihaloalkanes, α, ω-dihaloperfluoroalkanes. Effect of terminal halide mass and chain molecular weight","authors":"Nikolay D. Kagramanov","doi":"10.17677/fn20714807.2022.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17677/fn20714807.2022.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12217,"journal":{"name":"Fluorine Notes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79746132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-25DOI: 10.17677/fn20714807.2022.01.01
V. Kornilov
The following methods of obtaining fluorinated ethers are described in the final part of the review: the addition of alcohols to epoxides, the interaction of fluorinated olefins and alcohols with formaldehyde, transetherification, and electrochemical fluorination. In addition, a brief description of methods for obtaining fluorinated ethers that are not included in the separate chapters is given, namely: free radical addition of fluorine-containing alkenes to ethers, fluorination with elemental fluorine and higher fluorides of metals of variable valence, reactions of alcohols with ketones and carboxylic acids, reactions of perfluorinated nitrosoalkanes with alcohols and interaction of alcohols with 2,4,6-tris-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-[1,3,5]triazine (TriTFET).
{"title":"Fluorinated ethers. Communication 3. Preparation of fluorinated ethers by addition of alcohols to epoxides, interaction of fluoroolefins and alcohols with formaldehyde, transesterification, electrochemical fluorination and a number of other methods.","authors":"V. Kornilov","doi":"10.17677/fn20714807.2022.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17677/fn20714807.2022.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"The following methods of obtaining fluorinated ethers are described in the final part of the review: the addition of alcohols to epoxides, the interaction of fluorinated olefins and alcohols with formaldehyde, transetherification, and electrochemical fluorination. In addition, a brief description of methods for obtaining fluorinated ethers that are not included in the separate chapters is given, namely: free radical addition of fluorine-containing alkenes to ethers, fluorination with elemental fluorine and higher fluorides of metals of variable valence, reactions of alcohols with ketones and carboxylic acids, reactions of perfluorinated nitrosoalkanes with alcohols and interaction of alcohols with 2,4,6-tris-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-[1,3,5]triazine (TriTFET).","PeriodicalId":12217,"journal":{"name":"Fluorine Notes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73928655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-25DOI: 10.17677/fn20714807.2022.01.02
N. Chkanikov
The C2-alkylation of pyrrole derivatives with 2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylidene) malononitrile 1, formed in situ from ethyl hemiacetal trifluoroacetaldehyde 2 and malononitrile in the presence of a base, has been carried out. As a result of this three-component reaction, nitriles were obtained derivatives of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindole and pyrrole 4a, b, c. A competing reaction is C2-oxyalkylation of the pyrrole ring with hemiacetal 2. It has been shown that the side reaction can be completely suppressed by lowering the reaction temperature to -30∞C. When the ethyl ester of trifluoropyruvic acid 3 reacts with pyrrole derivatives in the presence of malononitrile, the main reaction is the C2-oxyalkylation of the pyrrole ring, rather than its C2-alkylation formed in situ by alkene 10. Nitriles 6 9 were obtained in high yields from pyrrole derivatives and alkene 10. The structure of the compounds was confirmed by 1H, 13C, 19F NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and high-resolution mass spectrometry.
{"title":"C2-Alkylation in a three-component reaction of fluorocarbonyl compounds, pyrrole derivatives and malononitrile in competition with C2-oxyalkylation","authors":"N. Chkanikov","doi":"10.17677/fn20714807.2022.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17677/fn20714807.2022.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"The C2-alkylation of pyrrole derivatives with 2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylidene) malononitrile 1, formed in situ from ethyl hemiacetal trifluoroacetaldehyde 2 and malononitrile in the presence of a base, has been carried out. As a result of this three-component reaction, nitriles were obtained derivatives of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindole and pyrrole 4a, b, c. A competing reaction is C2-oxyalkylation of the pyrrole ring with hemiacetal 2. It has been shown that the side reaction can be completely suppressed by lowering the reaction temperature to -30∞C. When the ethyl ester of trifluoropyruvic acid 3 reacts with pyrrole derivatives in the presence of malononitrile, the main reaction is the C2-oxyalkylation of the pyrrole ring, rather than its C2-alkylation formed in situ by alkene 10. Nitriles 6 9 were obtained in high yields from pyrrole derivatives and alkene 10. The structure of the compounds was confirmed by 1H, 13C, 19F NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and high-resolution mass spectrometry.","PeriodicalId":12217,"journal":{"name":"Fluorine Notes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86599967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-25DOI: 10.17677/fn20714807.2022.01.04
S. Igumnov
The preparation of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro2-iodoethane by various methods has been studied, it has been shown that the best method is a method in which a solution of acid in dimethylformamide is gradually added to dimethylformamide preheated to 140°C, the mechanism of this reaction with the formation of CF3CFI – anion is proposed.
{"title":"DECARBOXYLATION OF 2,3,3,3-TETRAFLUORO-2-IODOPROPIONIC ACID, ITS POTASSIUM SALT AND TRIMETHYLSILYL ESTER","authors":"S. Igumnov","doi":"10.17677/fn20714807.2022.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17677/fn20714807.2022.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"The preparation of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro2-iodoethane by various methods has been studied, it has been shown that the best method is a method in which a solution of acid in dimethylformamide is gradually added to dimethylformamide preheated to 140°C, the mechanism of this reaction with the formation of CF3CFI – anion is proposed.","PeriodicalId":12217,"journal":{"name":"Fluorine Notes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80991866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-23DOI: 10.17677/fn20714807.2021.06.02
V. Boyko
{"title":"α-Fluoroalkylamines, their properties and application as sources of nucleophilic fluoride ion","authors":"V. Boyko","doi":"10.17677/fn20714807.2021.06.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17677/fn20714807.2021.06.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12217,"journal":{"name":"Fluorine Notes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86301842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-23DOI: 10.17677/fn20714807.2021.06.04
S. Molchanova
Fluoride NaYF4/Yb/Tm and NaYF4/Yb/Er microand nanocrystals, which are in the cubic (alpha-) and hexagonal (beta-) phase, have been synthesized. The sizes, crystal structure and shape of crystals (phosphors) are characterized by methods of scanning electron microscopy and Xray diffraction, as well as by high-resolution UV optical microscopy and confocal microscopy. The photoluminescence (PL) of individual phosphors and their agglomerates in upconversion was studied using IR laser pumping light with wavelength of 980 nm. It was shown that using UV microscopy with wavelength of 365 nm and confocal microscopy with wavelength of 405 nm, it is possible to determine the size and shape of particles with diameter of 300 nm. These methods occupy an intermediate position between optical microscopy (within visible range) and electron microscopy in terms of spatial resolution and are useful while analyzing of nanophosphors with organic cladding based on oleic acid.
{"title":"Synthesis of fluoride NaYF4/Yb/Tm, NaYF4/Yb/Er micro- and nanocrystals and their characterization by uv optical microscopy method","authors":"S. Molchanova","doi":"10.17677/fn20714807.2021.06.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17677/fn20714807.2021.06.04","url":null,"abstract":"Fluoride NaYF4/Yb/Tm and NaYF4/Yb/Er microand nanocrystals, which are in the cubic (alpha-) and hexagonal (beta-) phase, have been synthesized. The sizes, crystal structure and shape of crystals (phosphors) are characterized by methods of scanning electron microscopy and Xray diffraction, as well as by high-resolution UV optical microscopy and confocal microscopy. The photoluminescence (PL) of individual phosphors and their agglomerates in upconversion was studied using IR laser pumping light with wavelength of 980 nm. It was shown that using UV microscopy with wavelength of 365 nm and confocal microscopy with wavelength of 405 nm, it is possible to determine the size and shape of particles with diameter of 300 nm. These methods occupy an intermediate position between optical microscopy (within visible range) and electron microscopy in terms of spatial resolution and are useful while analyzing of nanophosphors with organic cladding based on oleic acid.","PeriodicalId":12217,"journal":{"name":"Fluorine Notes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78134922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-23DOI: 10.17677/fn20714807.2021.06.03
E. Polunin
Amorphous copolymers of perfluoro-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole and perfluoropropyl vinyl ether were synthesized by ultrahigh pressure method without using of initiators. By applying spectroscopic refractometry method, authors measured the refraction (refractive index n(l) and material dispersion dn(l)/dl, where l is a wavelength of optical copolymers radiation) within a telecommunication wavelength ranges near l = 1300 and 1550 nm. It is shown that it have low values of n(l) and small material dispersion dn(l)/dl. Synthesized copolymers can be used as a cladding of silica fibers for high-speed optical information transmission systems, as well as a cladding of waveguides made of fluorine-containing electro-optical polymers for high-speed light modulators.
{"title":"Refraction of amorphous copolymers of perfluoro-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole and perfluoropropylvinyl ether within a telecommunication wavelength ranges near 1300 and 1550 nm","authors":"E. Polunin","doi":"10.17677/fn20714807.2021.06.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17677/fn20714807.2021.06.03","url":null,"abstract":"Amorphous copolymers of perfluoro-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole and perfluoropropyl vinyl ether were synthesized by ultrahigh pressure method without using of initiators. By applying spectroscopic refractometry method, authors measured the refraction (refractive index n(l) and material dispersion dn(l)/dl, where l is a wavelength of optical copolymers radiation) within a telecommunication wavelength ranges near l = 1300 and 1550 nm. It is shown that it have low values of n(l) and small material dispersion dn(l)/dl. Synthesized copolymers can be used as a cladding of silica fibers for high-speed optical information transmission systems, as well as a cladding of waveguides made of fluorine-containing electro-optical polymers for high-speed light modulators.","PeriodicalId":12217,"journal":{"name":"Fluorine Notes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73283604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-24DOI: 10.17677/fn20714807.2021.05.03
Nikolay D. Kagramanov
{"title":"Ionic series in mass spectra of trifluoromethyl-substituted heterocycles and cyclopropanes not containing regular fragment groups","authors":"Nikolay D. Kagramanov","doi":"10.17677/fn20714807.2021.05.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17677/fn20714807.2021.05.03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12217,"journal":{"name":"Fluorine Notes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90063556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-24DOI: 10.17677/fn20714807.2021.05.04
V. Kornilov
{"title":"Fluorinated ethers. Communication 2. Preparation of fluorinated ethers by the reaction of fluorinated alcohols with diazomethane, addition of polyfluoroalkyl iodides to alkenes, intermolecular dehydration, addition of perfluoroalkyl hypohalogenites to alkenes and pyrolysis of derivatives of perfluor","authors":"V. Kornilov","doi":"10.17677/fn20714807.2021.05.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17677/fn20714807.2021.05.04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12217,"journal":{"name":"Fluorine Notes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73044846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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