Problem definition: In theory, all coordinating contracts are equivalent; however, the minimum order quantity (MOQ) contract is observed to be more popular in practice. We seek to understand whether decision makers as suppliers can perform better with the MOQ contract and, if so, why. We also study whether MOQ is indeed the preferred contract when subjects are allowed to choose among coordinating contracts. Academic/practical relevance: The behavioral operations management literature has established a trade-off between complex coordinating and simple noncoordinating contracts. This paper fills a gap in the literature by studying whether and how the coordinating MOQ contract attenuates this trade-off. Methodology: First, we test whether subjects in the role of suppliers given only a single contract type can optimize its parameters. Second, we introduce treatments where the coordinating contracts subject to demand risk are hedged such that risk is eliminated. Third, we repeat two of the initial sets of treatments with a cognitive load survey and introduce single-variable versions of those treatments to reduce cognitive burden. Fourth, we introduce a novel experimental design where, in each period, subjects choose both the type of contract to offer and the parameters of that contract. Results: We find that (i) subjects perform significantly better with the MOQ contract compared with other coordinating contracts; (ii) this can be attributed to the risk inherent in and cognitive burden induced by those contracts; and (iii) subjects choose the MOQ contract more frequently over theoretically equivalent coordinating contracts. Managerial implications: We show that the trade-off between efficiency and complexity can be mitigated by simpler yet efficient contracts. Hence, there is considerable benefit to identifying contractual mechanisms that ameliorate the adverse effects of complexity. This explains the prevalence of MOQ terms in supply contracts.
{"title":"Why are Minimum Order Quantity Contracts Popular in Practice? A Behavioral Investigation","authors":"Özge Tüncel, Niyazi Taneri, Sameer Hasija","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3169112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3169112","url":null,"abstract":"Problem definition: In theory, all coordinating contracts are equivalent; however, the minimum order quantity (MOQ) contract is observed to be more popular in practice. We seek to understand whether decision makers as suppliers can perform better with the MOQ contract and, if so, why. We also study whether MOQ is indeed the preferred contract when subjects are allowed to choose among coordinating contracts. Academic/practical relevance: The behavioral operations management literature has established a trade-off between complex coordinating and simple noncoordinating contracts. This paper fills a gap in the literature by studying whether and how the coordinating MOQ contract attenuates this trade-off. Methodology: First, we test whether subjects in the role of suppliers given only a single contract type can optimize its parameters. Second, we introduce treatments where the coordinating contracts subject to demand risk are hedged such that risk is eliminated. Third, we repeat two of the initial sets of treatments with a cognitive load survey and introduce single-variable versions of those treatments to reduce cognitive burden. Fourth, we introduce a novel experimental design where, in each period, subjects choose both the type of contract to offer and the parameters of that contract. Results: We find that (i) subjects perform significantly better with the MOQ contract compared with other coordinating contracts; (ii) this can be attributed to the risk inherent in and cognitive burden induced by those contracts; and (iii) subjects choose the MOQ contract more frequently over theoretically equivalent coordinating contracts. Managerial implications: We show that the trade-off between efficiency and complexity can be mitigated by simpler yet efficient contracts. Hence, there is considerable benefit to identifying contractual mechanisms that ameliorate the adverse effects of complexity. This explains the prevalence of MOQ terms in supply contracts.","PeriodicalId":122208,"journal":{"name":"INSEAD Working Paper Series","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122002599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite their idiosyncrasies, motor and cognitive learning and endurance sports training have in common that they involve repeated practice. While considerable research has been devoted to the effect of practice on performance, little is known about optimal practice strategies. In this paper, we model the practice process for both skill acquisition and retention, and optimize its profile to maximize performance on a predefined date. For skill acquisition, we find that the optimal process involves multiple phases of practice increase and decrease, yielding U-shaped effort consistent with the principle of distributing practice, and that the transitions between phases are smoother for skills that are easily forgotten (e.g., cognitive skills) than for those that are easily retained (e.g., continuous motor skills). In particular for the latter, an extended period of rest should precede an ultimate high-intensity stress. For skill retention, the optimal practice strategy consists of cycles of either constant effort (for skills that are easily forgotten) or pulsed effort (for skills that are easily retained) consistent with the principle of alternating stress and rest. Our parametric model thus indicates when commonly used high-performance practice strategies are indeed optimal. This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
{"title":"High-Performance Practice Processes","authors":"G. Roels","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3311584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3311584","url":null,"abstract":"Despite their idiosyncrasies, motor and cognitive learning and endurance sports training have in common that they involve repeated practice. While considerable research has been devoted to the effect of practice on performance, little is known about optimal practice strategies. In this paper, we model the practice process for both skill acquisition and retention, and optimize its profile to maximize performance on a predefined date. For skill acquisition, we find that the optimal process involves multiple phases of practice increase and decrease, yielding U-shaped effort consistent with the principle of distributing practice, and that the transitions between phases are smoother for skills that are easily forgotten (e.g., cognitive skills) than for those that are easily retained (e.g., continuous motor skills). In particular for the latter, an extended period of rest should precede an ultimate high-intensity stress. For skill retention, the optimal practice strategy consists of cycles of either constant effort (for skills that are easily forgotten) or pulsed effort (for skills that are easily retained) consistent with the principle of alternating stress and rest. Our parametric model thus indicates when commonly used high-performance practice strategies are indeed optimal. This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.","PeriodicalId":122208,"journal":{"name":"INSEAD Working Paper Series","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128345584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article the concept of transference is discussed—a psychological phenomenon characterized by the unconscious and inappropriate redirection of feelings transferred from one person to another—a pattern of interaction that influences most human behavior in organizations. Transferential reactions can be compared to optical illusions, this dissociation between the physical reality and the objective perception of an object/event. These optical illusions play tricks on the brain, imagining that something is going on when it really isn’t. As human beings are programmed to make sense of the world by internalizing mental and emotional schemas based on previous experience, this pattern of sense making is also valid for interpersonal relationships. But making automatic, unconscious assumptions about the behavior of others in organizations—reminders of previous relationships with significant others—is not simply an error in judgement but sets the stage for often, dysfunctional relationships. The article not only describes these false connections but also suggest different ways of creating awareness of and addressing these transference reactions to help build healthier relationships in the workplace.
{"title":"Are you a Prisoner of Optical Illusions? The Enigma of Transference","authors":"M. Kets de Vries, Katharina Balazs","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3254916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3254916","url":null,"abstract":"In this article the concept of transference is discussed—a psychological phenomenon characterized by the unconscious and inappropriate redirection of feelings transferred from one person to another—a pattern of interaction that influences most human behavior in organizations. Transferential reactions can be compared to optical illusions, this dissociation between the physical reality and the objective perception of an object/event. These optical illusions play tricks on the brain, imagining that something is going on when it really isn’t. As human beings are programmed to make sense of the world by internalizing mental and emotional schemas based on previous experience, this pattern of sense making is also valid for interpersonal relationships. But making automatic, unconscious assumptions about the behavior of others in organizations—reminders of previous relationships with significant others—is not simply an error in judgement but sets the stage for often, dysfunctional relationships. The article not only describes these false connections but also suggest different ways of creating awareness of and addressing these transference reactions to help build healthier relationships in the workplace.","PeriodicalId":122208,"journal":{"name":"INSEAD Working Paper Series","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133152835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the last three decades the basic neoliberal positions remain dominant and comprise the main directions for policy-making in the majority of advanced countries. The central pillars of neoliberalism are the market and the individual, while the basic neoliberal objective is “the retreat of the public boundaries”, on the basis that unregulated capitalism in the market is more effective towards growth and general prosperity. In other words, the economy, according to neoliberal thinkers, operates more efficiently without governmental interventions. While unregulated market capitalism is effective and leads to economic growth and expanded prosperity, public intervention undermine individual initiative and discourage entrepreneurship. Thus, governmental intervention, even if it possesses rational and ethically tolerable intentions, has an inhibiting effect on economic activity. Specifically, for neo-liberals the promotion of the private interests refers to a procedure that is regarded as a good practice while the promotion of the public could create several disparities. Such ideas are linked to a form of extreme individualism, as expressed in Margaret Thatcher’s famous statement that “there is no society, only individuals and their families”. The intervening state is considered a mechanism that cultivates a culture of dependence and thus undermines freedom, which is understood as a freedom of choice. On the other hand, self-help, individual responsibility and entrepreneurship, are supported by neoliberals. In general, these ideas are thought to be promoted through the process of globalization, which is often characterized as “neoliberal globalization” (Heywood, 2000: 83). The basic neoliberal policies include privatization, reduction of public spending, deregulation, tax cuts (mainly in businesses and direct taxes) and welfare state policies’ dismantling. In this context and for more than three decades, neoliberalism was the dominant economic ideology. While, as an ideology, emerged unharmed from the global economic crisis of 2008-9, neoliberalism is now exposed - more than ever - to several critiques which claim that it has failed to fulfill its initial and fundamental promises-objectives. This study aims to analyze the basic parameters of neoliberalism in order to investigate the level of persuasiveness of the neoliberal ideology.
{"title":"The Limited Persuasiveness of the Neoliberal Ideology","authors":"Emmanouil Mavrozacharakis, S. Tzagkarakis","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3270131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3270131","url":null,"abstract":"During the last three decades the basic neoliberal positions remain dominant and comprise the main directions for policy-making in the majority of advanced countries. The central pillars of neoliberalism are the market and the individual, while the basic neoliberal objective is “the retreat of the public boundaries”, on the basis that unregulated capitalism in the market is more effective towards growth and general prosperity. In other words, the economy, according to neoliberal thinkers, operates more efficiently without governmental interventions. While unregulated market capitalism is effective and leads to economic growth and expanded prosperity, public intervention undermine individual initiative and discourage entrepreneurship. Thus, governmental intervention, even if it possesses rational and ethically tolerable intentions, has an inhibiting effect on economic activity. Specifically, for neo-liberals the promotion of the private interests refers to a procedure that is regarded as a good practice while the promotion of the public could create several disparities. Such ideas are linked to a form of extreme individualism, as expressed in Margaret Thatcher’s famous statement that “there is no society, only individuals and their families”. The intervening state is considered a mechanism that cultivates a culture of dependence and thus undermines freedom, which is understood as a freedom of choice. On the other hand, self-help, individual responsibility and entrepreneurship, are supported by neoliberals. In general, these ideas are thought to be promoted through the process of globalization, which is often characterized as “neoliberal globalization” (Heywood, 2000: 83). The basic neoliberal policies include privatization, reduction of public spending, deregulation, tax cuts (mainly in businesses and direct taxes) and welfare state policies’ dismantling. In this context and for more than three decades, neoliberalism was the dominant economic ideology. While, as an ideology, emerged unharmed from the global economic crisis of 2008-9, neoliberalism is now exposed - more than ever - to several critiques which claim that it has failed to fulfill its initial and fundamental promises-objectives. This study aims to analyze the basic parameters of neoliberalism in order to investigate the level of persuasiveness of the neoliberal ideology.","PeriodicalId":122208,"journal":{"name":"INSEAD Working Paper Series","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116258125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When a leader’s psychological make-up is problematic, it can have a serious contagious effect. If that is the case, the organization itself is in danger of becoming a mirror image of the leader’s troublesome behavior patterns. Leadership coaches who have a deep understanding of personality functioning, and are familiar with the appropriate intervention techniques of dealing with these people, can help in addressing these mental health issues in order to bring about more effective leadership practices, and ultimately more healthy organizations. In this chapter, we explore four regularly encountered toxic behavior patterns amongst leaders that can derail their organizations. For each personality type, we describe the conditions underlying the behavior pattern, how to recognize the pattern, how to coach individuals who exhibit this pattern, as well as to provide a real live case study to illustrate how coaching can bring about better ways of running their organizations.
{"title":"Coaching Challenging Executives","authors":"M. Kets de Vries, C. Rook","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3099368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3099368","url":null,"abstract":"When a leader’s psychological make-up is problematic, it can have a serious contagious effect. If that is the case, the organization itself is in danger of becoming a mirror image of the leader’s troublesome behavior patterns. Leadership coaches who have a deep understanding of personality functioning, and are familiar with the appropriate intervention techniques of dealing with these people, can help in addressing these mental health issues in order to bring about more effective leadership practices, and ultimately more healthy organizations. In this chapter, we explore four regularly encountered toxic behavior patterns amongst leaders that can derail their organizations. For each personality type, we describe the conditions underlying the behavior pattern, how to recognize the pattern, how to coach individuals who exhibit this pattern, as well as to provide a real live case study to illustrate how coaching can bring about better ways of running their organizations.","PeriodicalId":122208,"journal":{"name":"INSEAD Working Paper Series","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125943061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper introduces supply chain tsunamis as a major strategic supply chain phenomenon. Like their ecological counterparts, supply chain tsunamis occur at relatively long intervals and are therefore easily mistaken for unique events, rather than recurring phenomena. In contrast to ocean tsunamis, they can in principle be prevented through timely and adequate managerial action. However, their immediate impact is just as sudden and disruptive, and their ability to reshape supply chains of companies and even industries equally long-lasting. They are fundamentally different from phenomena like the “bullwhip effect” (Lee et al., 1997) and “black swan events” (Taleb, 2007). This paper further explores a preliminary typology of supply chain tsunamis suggested in an earlier publication (Akkermans and Van Wassenhove, 2013). Each type of tsunami focuses on a very different part of the supply chain periphery where the first signals of a developing tsunami can be observed. In this paper we use a detailed example from the high-tech electronics industry to describe how a supply chain tsunami unfolds over time. This is done both from an external and an internal perspective. The external perspective shows the sequence of events visible to the outside observer. The internal perspective focuses on the managerial decisionmaking processes that cause and (sometimes) resolve supply chain tsunamis. We link the notion of supply chain tsunamis to the broader need to revive strategic operations management research. Supply chain tsunamis affect corporate strategy and have a profound impact on business and management. They are living proof that operations remain, after almost half a century, the “missing link in corporate strategy” (Skinner, 1969). Therefore, we argue that business tsunamis deserve deeper research and suggest some avenues.
本文介绍了供应链海啸作为一种重要的供应链战略现象。与生态海啸一样，供应链海啸的发生间隔相对较长，因此很容易被误认为是独特的事件，而不是反复出现的现象。与海洋海啸不同，海啸原则上可以通过及时和适当的管理行动加以预防。然而，它们的直接影响同样是突然和破坏性的，它们重塑企业甚至行业供应链的能力同样持久。它们与“牛鞭效应”(Lee et al.， 1997)和“黑天鹅事件”(Taleb, 2007)等现象有着根本的不同。本文进一步探讨了早期出版物中提出的供应链海啸的初步类型学(Akkermans和Van Wassenhove, 2013)。每种类型的海啸都集中在供应链外围非常不同的部分，在那里可以观察到海啸发展的第一个信号。在本文中，我们使用高科技电子行业的一个详细例子来描述供应链海啸如何随着时间的推移而展开。这是从外部和内部两个角度来完成的。外部透视图显示外部观察者可见的事件序列。内部视角关注的是导致(有时)解决供应链海啸的管理决策过程。我们将供应链海啸的概念与复兴战略运营管理研究的更广泛需求联系起来。供应链海啸影响企业战略，对企业经营和管理产生深远的影响。他们是活生生的证据，证明在近半个世纪后，运营仍然是“企业战略中缺失的一环”(斯金纳，1969)。因此，我们认为商业海啸值得更深入的研究，并提出了一些途径。
{"title":"Supply Chain Tsunamis: Research on Low Probability High Impact Disruptions","authors":"H. Akkermans, L. V. Van Wassenhove","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3071668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3071668","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces supply chain tsunamis as a major strategic supply chain phenomenon. Like their ecological counterparts, supply chain tsunamis occur at relatively long intervals and are therefore easily mistaken for unique events, rather than recurring phenomena. In contrast to ocean tsunamis, they can in principle be prevented through timely and adequate managerial action. However, their immediate impact is just as sudden and disruptive, and their ability to reshape supply chains of companies and even industries equally long-lasting. They are fundamentally different from phenomena like the “bullwhip effect” (Lee et al., 1997) and “black swan events” (Taleb, 2007). This paper further explores a preliminary typology of supply chain tsunamis suggested in an earlier publication (Akkermans and Van Wassenhove, 2013). Each type of tsunami focuses on a very different part of the supply chain periphery where the first signals of a developing tsunami can be observed. In this paper we use a detailed example from the high-tech electronics industry to describe how a supply chain tsunami unfolds over time. This is done both from an external and an internal perspective. The external perspective shows the sequence of events visible to the outside observer. The internal perspective focuses on the managerial decisionmaking processes that cause and (sometimes) resolve supply chain tsunamis. We link the notion of supply chain tsunamis to the broader need to revive strategic operations management research. Supply chain tsunamis affect corporate strategy and have a profound impact on business and management. They are living proof that operations remain, after almost half a century, the “missing link in corporate strategy” (Skinner, 1969). Therefore, we argue that business tsunamis deserve deeper research and suggest some avenues.","PeriodicalId":122208,"journal":{"name":"INSEAD Working Paper Series","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127433369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Evgeniou, D. Simester, Artem Timoshenko, S. Zoumpoulis
Firms must often decide how to target households that did not respond to past promotions. For example, when prospecting for new customers, households that purchase are no longer eligible, and so the remaining households are an increasingly pure pool of non-responders. Past response data reflects the behavior of households that responded, and these households generally differ from the rest in unobservable ways. We show that despite this, the decisions of the past responders in a group can help firms target the remaining non-responders. In particular, the timing of past responses can help to reveal whether a geographic region is (a) exhausted of future responders, or (b) the future responders just require additional exposures. We use this insight to develop three different timing measures. The measures are calculated and validated using a sequence of mailings in a large-scale field experiment. The measures perform well, even when some regions have only a handful of past responses to calibrate them. They confirm that the decisions of past responders can help firms target non-responders.
{"title":"Using Past Responders to Target Non-Responders","authors":"T. Evgeniou, D. Simester, Artem Timoshenko, S. Zoumpoulis","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3038737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3038737","url":null,"abstract":"Firms must often decide how to target households that did not respond to past promotions. For example, when prospecting for new customers, households that purchase are no longer eligible, and so the remaining households are an increasingly pure pool of non-responders. Past response data reflects the behavior of households that responded, and these households generally differ from the rest in unobservable ways. We show that despite this, the decisions of the past responders in a group can help firms target the remaining non-responders. In particular, the timing of past responses can help to reveal whether a geographic region is (a) exhausted of future responders, or (b) the future responders just require additional exposures. We use this insight to develop three different timing measures. The measures are calculated and validated using a sequence of mailings in a large-scale field experiment. The measures perform well, even when some regions have only a handful of past responses to calibrate them. They confirm that the decisions of past responders can help firms target non-responders.","PeriodicalId":122208,"journal":{"name":"INSEAD Working Paper Series","volume":"25 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120911934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Corporate governance faces growing criticism and calls for reform and regulation. Of course there are deep differences between governance models and the pressures for change they face. These differences have to be taken into consideration. Reforms and regulatory changes do provide frameworks to improve the standards of corporate governance but they fail to address major new challenges: put simply, speed and interdependency call for new rules of the game between boards and CEOs. Many of the crises we observe between boards and managers result from ignoring these challenges. When change was slow and linear the board‘s main role could be that of financial and fiduciary control, ex-post. Today the board’s role must shift to fostering entrepreneurial development, guiding long-term resource allocation under great uncertainty, setting strategic direction and exercising strategic control under shifting circumstances, a set of demanding responsibilities for which many boards are poorly prepared. This calls for new relationships with management, new priorities in both the choice of CEOs and the composition of the board, and new roles. In this paper we explore these. This paper briefly reviews the challenges of speed and complexity, analyzes their impact on the roles of boards, develops a contingency framework for specifying these roles, and draws some conclusions for governance, management and leadership for the next decade, and how these need to change.
{"title":"Corporate Governance 4.0: Facing Interdependency and Speed in a Complex World","authors":"Y. Doz, A. Cuomo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3001847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3001847","url":null,"abstract":"Corporate governance faces growing criticism and calls for reform and regulation. Of course there are deep differences between governance models and the pressures for change they face. These differences have to be taken into consideration. Reforms and regulatory changes do provide frameworks to improve the standards of corporate governance but they fail to address major new challenges: put simply, speed and interdependency call for new rules of the game between boards and CEOs. Many of the crises we observe between boards and managers result from ignoring these challenges. When change was slow and linear the board‘s main role could be that of financial and fiduciary control, ex-post. Today the board’s role must shift to fostering entrepreneurial development, guiding long-term resource allocation under great uncertainty, setting strategic direction and exercising strategic control under shifting circumstances, a set of demanding responsibilities for which many boards are poorly prepared. This calls for new relationships with management, new priorities in both the choice of CEOs and the composition of the board, and new roles. In this paper we explore these. This paper briefly reviews the challenges of speed and complexity, analyzes their impact on the roles of boards, develops a contingency framework for specifying these roles, and draws some conclusions for governance, management and leadership for the next decade, and how these need to change.","PeriodicalId":122208,"journal":{"name":"INSEAD Working Paper Series","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133606786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The primary objective of the study is to identify the glass ceiling issues and career barriers for female employees to access into the leadership positions in Ready-Made Garments (RMG) organisations in Bangladesh. This exploratory study used semi-structured face-to-face interview methods for data collection. The study conducted only 10 interviews among with 10 main questions concerning the glass ceiling issues and career barriers with the female employees from 5 biggest RMG organisations. After consecutive analysis to all transcripts of the interviews, three ideological approaches such as organisational culture, social culture and lack of career encouragers are identified as the main barriers for females to get into the leadership positions. The study includes discussion on how organisations can facilitate the process of females' advancement into the leadership positions.
{"title":"The Glass Ceiling: Career Barriers for Female Employees in the Ready Made Garments (RMG) Industry of Bangladesh","authors":"Md Asadul Islam, A. Jantan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3414583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3414583","url":null,"abstract":"The primary objective of the study is to identify the glass ceiling issues and career barriers for female employees to access into the leadership positions in Ready-Made Garments (RMG) organisations in Bangladesh. This exploratory study used semi-structured face-to-face interview methods for data collection. The study conducted only 10 interviews among with 10 main questions concerning the glass ceiling issues and career barriers with the female employees from 5 biggest RMG organisations. After consecutive analysis to all transcripts of the interviews, three ideological approaches such as organisational culture, social culture and lack of career encouragers are identified as the main barriers for females to get into the leadership positions. The study includes discussion on how organisations can facilitate the process of females' advancement into the leadership positions.","PeriodicalId":122208,"journal":{"name":"INSEAD Working Paper Series","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116800752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of the study is to investigate the key factors affecting consumer decision making on purchase of residential properties in Malaysia. A conceptual framework which is developed based on review of previous literature and then is tested on a sample of 150 respondents. A self-administrated survey was carried out based on the convenience sampling to uncover the impacts of these selected factors using correlation and regression analysis through SPSS 21. The study finds out a strong association between top three factors which are financial, neighborhood, and location factor and consumers decision making of residential property. The other two factors namely features and demo-graphical factors have weaker association. It is also found that there is a moderate impact on decision making of consumers according to different demographics consisting of gender, age, marital status, monthly income and education level. This research is useful for purchasers of residential property, private and common sectors such as investors, developers and local government. It creates deeper understanding of consumer behavior and preferences towards purchase of residential properties particularly in Malaysian context.
{"title":"Buying a Dream Home – Considerations of Residential Property Consumers in Malaysia","authors":"Chong Pei Hei, Omkar Dastane","doi":"10.12816/0037222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12816/0037222","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study is to investigate the key factors affecting consumer decision making on purchase of residential properties in Malaysia. A conceptual framework which is developed based on review of previous literature and then is tested on a sample of 150 respondents. A self-administrated survey was carried out based on the convenience sampling to uncover the impacts of these selected factors using correlation and regression analysis through SPSS 21. The study finds out a strong association between top three factors which are financial, neighborhood, and location factor and consumers decision making of residential property. The other two factors namely features and demo-graphical factors have weaker association. It is also found that there is a moderate impact on decision making of consumers according to different demographics consisting of gender, age, marital status, monthly income and education level. This research is useful for purchasers of residential property, private and common sectors such as investors, developers and local government. It creates deeper understanding of consumer behavior and preferences towards purchase of residential properties particularly in Malaysian context.","PeriodicalId":122208,"journal":{"name":"INSEAD Working Paper Series","volume":"155-156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121262851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：