Karel O. Cool, Ingemar Dierickx, Luís Almeida Costa
This paper discusses when firms may expect economies in the accumulation of resources (asset mass efficiencies). Specifically, we describe situations in which the accumulation of a resource benefits from a “success breeds success” dynamic that creates an exponentially growing gap between resource levels of early movers and imitators. Early movers can expect such an advantage where products or services have high evaluation costs, durability, trial costs, network value and cost, impulse characteristics, and dependence on complementary products. Where the accumulation of one resource depends on the level of another resource, accumulation economies may also be expected. The mechanisms are illustrated using stylized stocks-flows simulations with the iThink software.
{"title":"Economies of Resource Accumulation","authors":"Karel O. Cool, Ingemar Dierickx, Luís Almeida Costa","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2188284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2188284","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses when firms may expect economies in the accumulation of resources (asset mass efficiencies). Specifically, we describe situations in which the accumulation of a resource benefits from a “success breeds success” dynamic that creates an exponentially growing gap between resource levels of early movers and imitators. Early movers can expect such an advantage where products or services have high evaluation costs, durability, trial costs, network value and cost, impulse characteristics, and dependence on complementary products. Where the accumulation of one resource depends on the level of another resource, accumulation economies may also be expected. The mechanisms are illustrated using stylized stocks-flows simulations with the iThink software.","PeriodicalId":122208,"journal":{"name":"INSEAD Working Paper Series","volume":"19 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120906898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karel O. Cool, Ingemar Dierickx, Luís Almeida Costa
This paper discusses the concept of time compression diseconomies and its importance to the sustainability of competitive advantage. It focuses on a key driver of time compression costs, the time-dependency of resource accumulation, and illustrates the effects of three characteristics of this accumulation process (productivity, cycle time and absorption constraints). The effects are illustrated using a stylized stocks-flows simulation with the iThink software.
{"title":"Diseconomies of Time Compression","authors":"Karel O. Cool, Ingemar Dierickx, Luís Almeida Costa","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2139385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2139385","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the concept of time compression diseconomies and its importance to the sustainability of competitive advantage. It focuses on a key driver of time compression costs, the time-dependency of resource accumulation, and illustrates the effects of three characteristics of this accumulation process (productivity, cycle time and absorption constraints). The effects are illustrated using a stylized stocks-flows simulation with the iThink software.","PeriodicalId":122208,"journal":{"name":"INSEAD Working Paper Series","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130244485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper focuses on decisions under ambiguity. Participants in a laboratory experiment made decisions in three different settings: (a) individually, (b) individually after discussing the decisions with two others, and (c) in groups of three. We show that groups are more likely to make ambiguity-neutral decisions than individuals, and that individuals make more ambiguity-neutral decisions after discussing the decisions with others. This shift toward higher ambiguity neutrality in groups and after a group discussion is associated with a reduction in the rates of both ambiguity aversion and ambiguity seeking. We suggest that the results might be driven by effective and persuasive communication that takes place in groups.
{"title":"Group Decisions Under Ambiguity: Convergence to Neutrality","authors":"Steffen Keck, Enrico Diecidue, D. Budescu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2040655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2040655","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on decisions under ambiguity. Participants in a laboratory experiment made decisions in three different settings: (a) individually, (b) individually after discussing the decisions with two others, and (c) in groups of three. We show that groups are more likely to make ambiguity-neutral decisions than individuals, and that individuals make more ambiguity-neutral decisions after discussing the decisions with others. This shift toward higher ambiguity neutrality in groups and after a group discussion is associated with a reduction in the rates of both ambiguity aversion and ambiguity seeking. We suggest that the results might be driven by effective and persuasive communication that takes place in groups.","PeriodicalId":122208,"journal":{"name":"INSEAD Working Paper Series","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125216272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main focus of the present paper is to analyze the impacts of financial policy on inflation rates. The analysis depended on time series data and was divided into theoretical and applied analytical framework. An econometric model was utilized to reflect the relations between financial policy and inflation. Thus, more lights are shed on the fact that the first has great effects on the economic performance within the frame of economic policy and macroeconomic parameters. The analytical framework assumed that there are positive relationships between the independent variables of financial policy components represented in governmental expenditure and taxation and the dependant variable inflation. The results show that there is a negative correlation between total taxation and inflation rates. That means that raising taxes reduces inflation rate which is assumed by suppressing total consumption. However, in underdeveloped economies which already have entrenched poverty such consumption rates are minimized beyond the norms. Moreover, the results show that there is positive correlation between governmental expenditure and inflation rates. Deficit financing is a futile solution for the government to cover gaps between actual resources and the required ones. That instigates the conclusion that reducing inflation rates process should start by minimizing governmental expenditures and adopting austerity measures. The results coincides with the economic theory whereas inflation is correlated with the budgetary formulation which depends on deficit financing factor that may create real gaps between assumed and actual resources for the public budget.
{"title":"The Impacts of Financial Policies on Inflation Rates in Sudan (1989-2010)","authors":"Issam A.W. Mohamed","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2039281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2039281","url":null,"abstract":"The main focus of the present paper is to analyze the impacts of financial policy on inflation rates. The analysis depended on time series data and was divided into theoretical and applied analytical framework. An econometric model was utilized to reflect the relations between financial policy and inflation. Thus, more lights are shed on the fact that the first has great effects on the economic performance within the frame of economic policy and macroeconomic parameters. The analytical framework assumed that there are positive relationships between the independent variables of financial policy components represented in governmental expenditure and taxation and the dependant variable inflation. The results show that there is a negative correlation between total taxation and inflation rates. That means that raising taxes reduces inflation rate which is assumed by suppressing total consumption. However, in underdeveloped economies which already have entrenched poverty such consumption rates are minimized beyond the norms. Moreover, the results show that there is positive correlation between governmental expenditure and inflation rates. Deficit financing is a futile solution for the government to cover gaps between actual resources and the required ones. That instigates the conclusion that reducing inflation rates process should start by minimizing governmental expenditures and adopting austerity measures. The results coincides with the economic theory whereas inflation is correlated with the budgetary formulation which depends on deficit financing factor that may create real gaps between assumed and actual resources for the public budget.","PeriodicalId":122208,"journal":{"name":"INSEAD Working Paper Series","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130936651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite increased attention given to family firms in the theory of organization and management, the value of family governance in emerging markets is not clearly understood. We draw insights from agency and institutional economics perspectives to address the debate on whether family governance fills or abuses the void left by weaker market and legal institutions. We propose a dual focus on the pattern of family control and weak institutions to reconcile these opposed assessments. We analyze how various combinations of family control over ownership, strategy, and operations yield different benefits and costs for the operational performance of firms in the absence of strong market and legal institutions. The uneven development of market institutions across industries and the impact of independent directors reinforce the importance of separating different patterns of family control. We find support for our hypotheses when tested on a data set consisting of all publicly listed firms in Taiwan between 1996 and 2005. Our study contributes to a deeper understanding of family businesses in emerging markets, highlights the importance of weak institutions in shaping relative agency costs, and illuminates the differential effects of independent directors.
{"title":"Filling or Abusing the Institutional Void? Ownership and Management Control of Public Family Businesses in an Emerging Market","authors":"X. Luo, Chi‐Nien Chung","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2005101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2005101","url":null,"abstract":"Despite increased attention given to family firms in the theory of organization and management, the value of family governance in emerging markets is not clearly understood. We draw insights from agency and institutional economics perspectives to address the debate on whether family governance fills or abuses the void left by weaker market and legal institutions. We propose a dual focus on the pattern of family control and weak institutions to reconcile these opposed assessments. We analyze how various combinations of family control over ownership, strategy, and operations yield different benefits and costs for the operational performance of firms in the absence of strong market and legal institutions. The uneven development of market institutions across industries and the impact of independent directors reinforce the importance of separating different patterns of family control. We find support for our hypotheses when tested on a data set consisting of all publicly listed firms in Taiwan between 1996 and 2005. Our study contributes to a deeper understanding of family businesses in emerging markets, highlights the importance of weak institutions in shaping relative agency costs, and illuminates the differential effects of independent directors.","PeriodicalId":122208,"journal":{"name":"INSEAD Working Paper Series","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130863932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We examine how different characteristics of product demand and market impact the relative sales volume in the forward and spot markets for a commodity whose aggregate demand is uncertain. In a setting where either the forward contracts are binding quantity commitments between buyers and suppliers or the forward production takes place before the uncertainty in demand is resolved, we find that a combination of factors that include market concentration, demand risk, and price elasticity of demand will determine whether a commodity will be sold mainly through forward contracts or in the spot market. Previous findings in the literature show that when participants are risk neutral, the ratio of forward sales to spot sales is a function of market concentration alone; also, the lower the concentration, the higher this ratio. These findings hold under the assumption that demand is either deterministic or, if demand is uncertain, all production takes place after uncertainty is fully resolved and production plans can be altered instantaneously and costlessly. In our setting, however, we find that even a low level of demand risk can reverse the nature of supply in a highly competitive (low concentration) market, by shifting it from predominantly forward-driven to predominantly spot-driven supply. In markets with high concentration, the price elasticity of demand will determine whether the supply will be predominantly spot-driven or forward-driven. Our analysis suggests various new hypotheses on the structure of supply in commodity markets. This paper was accepted by Martin Lariviere, operations management.
{"title":"Demand Uncertainty and Excess Supply in Commodity Contracting","authors":"Dana G. Popescu, S. Seshadri","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1993003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1993003","url":null,"abstract":"We examine how different characteristics of product demand and market impact the relative sales volume in the forward and spot markets for a commodity whose aggregate demand is uncertain. In a setting where either the forward contracts are binding quantity commitments between buyers and suppliers or the forward production takes place before the uncertainty in demand is resolved, we find that a combination of factors that include market concentration, demand risk, and price elasticity of demand will determine whether a commodity will be sold mainly through forward contracts or in the spot market. Previous findings in the literature show that when participants are risk neutral, the ratio of forward sales to spot sales is a function of market concentration alone; also, the lower the concentration, the higher this ratio. These findings hold under the assumption that demand is either deterministic or, if demand is uncertain, all production takes place after uncertainty is fully resolved and production plans can be altered instantaneously and costlessly. In our setting, however, we find that even a low level of demand risk can reverse the nature of supply in a highly competitive (low concentration) market, by shifting it from predominantly forward-driven to predominantly spot-driven supply. In markets with high concentration, the price elasticity of demand will determine whether the supply will be predominantly spot-driven or forward-driven. Our analysis suggests various new hypotheses on the structure of supply in commodity markets. This paper was accepted by Martin Lariviere, operations management.","PeriodicalId":122208,"journal":{"name":"INSEAD Working Paper Series","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131593834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We explore the antecedents and consequences of women leaders’ identity interference related to the perceived conflict between their roles as both women and leaders. Drawing on identity development and organizational demography research, we propose that leadership experience reduces women leaders’ identity interference, whereas women’s numerical underrepresentation in organizations exacerbates it. Moreover, we hypothesize that identity processes related to collective self-esteem—personal regard for one’s collective identity and the perception of others’ views of it—mediate these effects. A sample of 722 women leaders representing a diverse range of countries and industries supported our hypotheses. We also demonstrate that identity interference reduces the psychological well-being of women leaders and undermines their affective motivation to lead. In contrast, perceived conflict between leader and female identities enhances women’s sense of duty to assume leadership roles. Importantly, women leaders’ personal regard for their female identity buffers the detrimental effect of identity interference on life satisfaction. We discuss the implications of our results for women’s advancement in organizations and the development of their identity as leaders.
{"title":"Identity Challenges of Women Leaders: Antecedents and Consequences of Identity Interference","authors":"Natalia Karelaia, L. Guillén","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1975243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1975243","url":null,"abstract":"We explore the antecedents and consequences of women leaders’ identity interference related to the perceived conflict between their roles as both women and leaders. Drawing on identity development and organizational demography research, we propose that leadership experience reduces women leaders’ identity interference, whereas women’s numerical underrepresentation in organizations exacerbates it. Moreover, we hypothesize that identity processes related to collective self-esteem—personal regard for one’s collective identity and the perception of others’ views of it—mediate these effects. A sample of 722 women leaders representing a diverse range of countries and industries supported our hypotheses. We also demonstrate that identity interference reduces the psychological well-being of women leaders and undermines their affective motivation to lead. In contrast, perceived conflict between leader and female identities enhances women’s sense of duty to assume leadership roles. Importantly, women leaders’ personal regard for their female identity buffers the detrimental effect of identity interference on life satisfaction. We discuss the implications of our results for women’s advancement in organizations and the development of their identity as leaders.","PeriodicalId":122208,"journal":{"name":"INSEAD Working Paper Series","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115972726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When organizations adopt new practices, the practices are often modified to fit the new context. We argue that managers who implement new practices modify them, and that the extent of practice variation is determined by these managers’ career experience with the practice itself, and career experience that enables fit assessment between the practice and the adopting firm. We test these arguments by observing information technology firms’ modification of venture capital practices within corporate venture capital units. This study contributes to diffusion research by developing and testing a framework for understanding the role of individuals in practice variation.
{"title":"Venturing into New Territory: Career Experiences of Corporate Venture Capital Managers and Practice Variation","authors":"V. Gaba, Gina Dokko","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1969861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1969861","url":null,"abstract":"When organizations adopt new practices, the practices are often modified to fit the new context. We argue that managers who implement new practices modify them, and that the extent of practice variation is determined by these managers’ career experience with the practice itself, and career experience that enables fit assessment between the practice and the adopting firm. We test these arguments by observing information technology firms’ modification of venture capital practices within corporate venture capital units. This study contributes to diffusion research by developing and testing a framework for understanding the role of individuals in practice variation.","PeriodicalId":122208,"journal":{"name":"INSEAD Working Paper Series","volume":"2005 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127653540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Competition has become an important theme in the operations management literature and, according to recent theoretical and empirical work, the key finding is that firms tend to overstock or overproduce under competition. Following this prediction, one would expect that, after airlines start a multifaceted collaboration by forming an alliance, their networks would be consolidated and capacity redundancies would be eliminated, as intensity of competition decreases among alliance partners. Surprisingly, we find exactly the opposite: in the post-alliance era, alliance partners seek to overlap their networks more and they increase capacities on the markets in which two partners are already present. At the same time, average prices in those markets increase by about $11 per one-way segment coupon. We explain these results using predictions based on the theory of multimarket competition: as firms seek out opportunities to establish multimarket contact to strengthen mutual forbearance, they have incentives to increase overlap even though this decision may not seem optimal or efficient locally or in the short term. We examine other plausible competing mechanisms built on theories of capacity and service competition and commonly cited benefits of airline alliances but ultimately we conclude that our findings are most likely driven by the multimarket competition. This paper therefore underscores the importance of going beyond simple bilateral competition models whose predictions may not hold when firms compete operationally in multiple markets, a phenomenon which is widespread in many operations-intensive industries.
{"title":"Partnering with Competitors - An Empirical Analysis of Airline Alliances and Multimarket Competition","authors":"Jun Li, Serguei Netessine","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1761211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1761211","url":null,"abstract":"Competition has become an important theme in the operations management literature and, according to recent theoretical and empirical work, the key finding is that firms tend to overstock or overproduce under competition. Following this prediction, one would expect that, after airlines start a multifaceted collaboration by forming an alliance, their networks would be consolidated and capacity redundancies would be eliminated, as intensity of competition decreases among alliance partners. Surprisingly, we find exactly the opposite: in the post-alliance era, alliance partners seek to overlap their networks more and they increase capacities on the markets in which two partners are already present. At the same time, average prices in those markets increase by about $11 per one-way segment coupon. We explain these results using predictions based on the theory of multimarket competition: as firms seek out opportunities to establish multimarket contact to strengthen mutual forbearance, they have incentives to increase overlap even though this decision may not seem optimal or efficient locally or in the short term. We examine other plausible competing mechanisms built on theories of capacity and service competition and commonly cited benefits of airline alliances but ultimately we conclude that our findings are most likely driven by the multimarket competition. This paper therefore underscores the importance of going beyond simple bilateral competition models whose predictions may not hold when firms compete operationally in multiple markets, a phenomenon which is widespread in many operations-intensive industries.","PeriodicalId":122208,"journal":{"name":"INSEAD Working Paper Series","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131134502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We provide a critical review of the process called the “internationalization of higher education institutions” (HEI) with a closer look at the case of business schools. After offering an alternative definition of this phenomenon and examining the forces that drive international initiatives, we explain what we call the “internationalization paradox”: the observation that despite evidence that many of these initiatives fail to deliver what they promise, they nevertheless remain at the top of the agenda of heads of HEIs. We then develop a framework that identifies alternative models of internationalization. Based on this framework we sketch out a model of the truly global HEI whose mission is to learn from the world rather than teach the world what the institution knows. Our central thesis is that it is unlikely that HEIs will be able to transform themselves into truly global HEIs because of historical and organizational barriers rather than a shortage of resources or a lack of visionary leadership. We conclude that most HEIs should refrain from claiming that their aim is to become global institutions. They should instead focus on the successful implementation of an import-export model of internationalization that calls for initiatives such as the internationalization of the curriculum, the creation of student and faculty exchange programs, and the participation in international academic and research partnerships. Any attempt to transform themselves into truly global institutions is unlikely to succeed and may divert them from their fundamental mission to educate their home-based students and help them become effective global citizens.
{"title":"The Internationalization of Higher Education Institutions: A Critical Review and a Radical Proposal","authors":"Gabriel Hawawini","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1954697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1954697","url":null,"abstract":"We provide a critical review of the process called the “internationalization of higher education institutions” (HEI) with a closer look at the case of business schools. After offering an alternative definition of this phenomenon and examining the forces that drive international initiatives, we explain what we call the “internationalization paradox”: the observation that despite evidence that many of these initiatives fail to deliver what they promise, they nevertheless remain at the top of the agenda of heads of HEIs. We then develop a framework that identifies alternative models of internationalization. Based on this framework we sketch out a model of the truly global HEI whose mission is to learn from the world rather than teach the world what the institution knows. Our central thesis is that it is unlikely that HEIs will be able to transform themselves into truly global HEIs because of historical and organizational barriers rather than a shortage of resources or a lack of visionary leadership. We conclude that most HEIs should refrain from claiming that their aim is to become global institutions. They should instead focus on the successful implementation of an import-export model of internationalization that calls for initiatives such as the internationalization of the curriculum, the creation of student and faculty exchange programs, and the participation in international academic and research partnerships. Any attempt to transform themselves into truly global institutions is unlikely to succeed and may divert them from their fundamental mission to educate their home-based students and help them become effective global citizens.","PeriodicalId":122208,"journal":{"name":"INSEAD Working Paper Series","volume":"31 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120814544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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