Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1051/epjap/2020200189
Basma Aoukach, B. Oukarfi
This paper presents a distributed energy management strategy based on a combination of multi agent system (MAS) and fuzzy logic (FL). Our system is composed of two renewable energy sources which are a photovoltaic panel, wind turbine, storage system and a variable loads. These elements are linked between them through switches. This improved technique allows the control of switches to manage the energy flow between sources and established load priority. MAS consider each element of the system as an agent, one of them is called execution agent that controls switches based on the paradigm of fuzzy logic (FL). The results of this approach are presented, discussed then followed by a simulation.
{"title":"An improved energy management method based on combination of multi agent system and fuzzy logic","authors":"Basma Aoukach, B. Oukarfi","doi":"10.1051/epjap/2020200189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2020200189","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a distributed energy management strategy based on a combination of multi agent system (MAS) and fuzzy logic (FL). Our system is composed of two renewable energy sources which are a photovoltaic panel, wind turbine, storage system and a variable loads. These elements are linked between them through switches. This improved technique allows the control of switches to manage the energy flow between sources and established load priority. MAS consider each element of the system as an agent, one of them is called execution agent that controls switches based on the paradigm of fuzzy logic (FL). The results of this approach are presented, discussed then followed by a simulation.","PeriodicalId":12228,"journal":{"name":"European Physical Journal-applied Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84156966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1051/epjap/2020200284
Xiaofeng Li, Junyi Du, Ziyu Hu
Combining first-principles calculations with an unbiased structural searching method (CALYPSO), we uncovered a novel monoclinic structure with a space group C2/m as the thermodynamically most stable phase for Zr2B5 is uncovered in the pressure 0–100GPa. The calculated elastic constants and phonons dispersions indicated that C2/m-Zr2B5 phase is mechanically and dynamically stable at atmospheric pressure. Moreover, the calculated hardness value indicated that this structure is likely to become a hard material. Our current results may stimulate further experimental work on synthesizing other transition-metal light-element compounds with superior physical properties.
{"title":"Theoretical research on novel monoclinic Zr2B5 from first principles calculations","authors":"Xiaofeng Li, Junyi Du, Ziyu Hu","doi":"10.1051/epjap/2020200284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2020200284","url":null,"abstract":"Combining first-principles calculations with an unbiased structural searching method (CALYPSO), we uncovered a novel monoclinic structure with a space group C2/m as the thermodynamically most stable phase for Zr2B5 is uncovered in the pressure 0–100GPa. The calculated elastic constants and phonons dispersions indicated that C2/m-Zr2B5 phase is mechanically and dynamically stable at atmospheric pressure. Moreover, the calculated hardness value indicated that this structure is likely to become a hard material. Our current results may stimulate further experimental work on synthesizing other transition-metal light-element compounds with superior physical properties.","PeriodicalId":12228,"journal":{"name":"European Physical Journal-applied Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78563240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1051/epjap/2020200274
S. M. Bazarchi, P. Esmaili, S. Asgary
Silver doped Indium sulphide thin films with different [Ag/In] molar ratio concentrations (0, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1) were deposited on glass substrates using chemical bath deposition method. The structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties are characterized using XRD, EDAX, SEM, AFM, spectrophotometer and Hall measurement system, respectively. Kramers-Kronig method was used to obtain optical constants of the films. It is found that Ag can change physical properties of Indium sulfide thin films, depending on the Ag concentration. XRD results show the incorporation of Ag concentration did not change the structure of In2S3. Doped films had rough surfaces. As the [Ag/In] molar ratio increased, conductivity increases and optical direct band gap energy decreases from 2.75 to 2.38 eV.
{"title":"Characterization of silver doped In2S3 films","authors":"S. M. Bazarchi, P. Esmaili, S. Asgary","doi":"10.1051/epjap/2020200274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2020200274","url":null,"abstract":"Silver doped Indium sulphide thin films with different [Ag/In] molar ratio concentrations (0, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1) were deposited on glass substrates using chemical bath deposition method. The structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties are characterized using XRD, EDAX, SEM, AFM, spectrophotometer and Hall measurement system, respectively. Kramers-Kronig method was used to obtain optical constants of the films. It is found that Ag can change physical properties of Indium sulfide thin films, depending on the Ag concentration. XRD results show the incorporation of Ag concentration did not change the structure of In2S3. Doped films had rough surfaces. As the [Ag/In] molar ratio increased, conductivity increases and optical direct band gap energy decreases from 2.75 to 2.38 eV.","PeriodicalId":12228,"journal":{"name":"European Physical Journal-applied Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80286481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1051/epjap/2020200049
S. M. Alam, A. Shuja, Erum Jamil, F. Siddique, Ali Siddiqui
The demand for miniaturization of electronic devices has lent to the development of graphene-based hybrid structures, which include the Metal-Semiconductor-Metal (MSM) device. In this work, one has developed such a device by growing monolayers of graphene on top of Nickel to form the basic structural matrix. Four different variants of the MSM unit structures have been developed to assess their potential in next generation electronics. The presence of graphene in the original matrix was confirmed via Atomic Force Microscopy, and the optical response of the graphene layer was further studied using Spectroscopic Ellipsometry in UV-Vis-NIR regime; Forouhi-Bloomer model was used to analyze the ellipsometry data. Hall effect and other electrical characterization measurements were conducted to analyze the electrical properties of the fabricated devices.
{"title":"Fabrication and characterization of graphene induced Metal Semiconductor Metal (MSM) structure for detection and sensing applications","authors":"S. M. Alam, A. Shuja, Erum Jamil, F. Siddique, Ali Siddiqui","doi":"10.1051/epjap/2020200049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2020200049","url":null,"abstract":"The demand for miniaturization of electronic devices has lent to the development of graphene-based hybrid structures, which include the Metal-Semiconductor-Metal (MSM) device. In this work, one has developed such a device by growing monolayers of graphene on top of Nickel to form the basic structural matrix. Four different variants of the MSM unit structures have been developed to assess their potential in next generation electronics. The presence of graphene in the original matrix was confirmed via Atomic Force Microscopy, and the optical response of the graphene layer was further studied using Spectroscopic Ellipsometry in UV-Vis-NIR regime; Forouhi-Bloomer model was used to analyze the ellipsometry data. Hall effect and other electrical characterization measurements were conducted to analyze the electrical properties of the fabricated devices.","PeriodicalId":12228,"journal":{"name":"European Physical Journal-applied Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80649924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1051/epjap/2020200289
Shiying Zhang, Li Zhenhua, Qingjun Xu
Aligned and uniform silicon nanowires (SiNWs) arrays were fabricated with good controllability and reproducibility by metal-assisted chemical etching in aqueous AgNO3/HF etching solutions in atmosphere. The SiNWs formed on silicon were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and selected-area electron diffraction (SAED). The results show that the as-prepared SiNWs are perfectly single crystals and the axial orientation of the Si nanowires is identified to be parallel to the [111] direction, which is identical to the initial silicon wafer. In addition, a series of experiments were conducted to study the effects of etching conditions such as solution concentration, etching time, and etching temperature on SiNWs. And the optimal solution concentrations for SiNWs have been identified. The formation mechanism of silicon nanowires and silver dendrites were also discussed.
{"title":"A systematic study of silicon nanowires array fabricated through metal-assisted chemical etching","authors":"Shiying Zhang, Li Zhenhua, Qingjun Xu","doi":"10.1051/epjap/2020200289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2020200289","url":null,"abstract":"Aligned and uniform silicon nanowires (SiNWs) arrays were fabricated with good controllability and reproducibility by metal-assisted chemical etching in aqueous AgNO3/HF etching solutions in atmosphere. The SiNWs formed on silicon were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and selected-area electron diffraction (SAED). The results show that the as-prepared SiNWs are perfectly single crystals and the axial orientation of the Si nanowires is identified to be parallel to the [111] direction, which is identical to the initial silicon wafer. In addition, a series of experiments were conducted to study the effects of etching conditions such as solution concentration, etching time, and etching temperature on SiNWs. And the optimal solution concentrations for SiNWs have been identified. The formation mechanism of silicon nanowires and silver dendrites were also discussed.","PeriodicalId":12228,"journal":{"name":"European Physical Journal-applied Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75712151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1051/epjap/2020200275
J. Xue, Mingxu Pei, Weihua Wu, Xiaoqin Zhu, Long Zheng
Phase change memory has gained increasing attention as an important candidate for future memory devices. The improvement in the performance of phase change materials by doping with various materials has been widely investigated. However, many doped elements tend to spontaneously accumulate at the grain boundaries during the crystallization process. In the present, the structure and phase change properties of Cr doped GeTe is investigated. Owing to the Cr lower electronegativity, stable Cr-Ge and Cr-Te bonds will be formed and change the local bonding environment of the Cr-doped GeTe. It is found that Cr atoms serve as a substitutional impurity and no other content separates out from the primary GeTe phase. The increased grain boundaries provide phonon and electron scattering centers, lead to a decreased thermal and electrical conductivity. As the result, the energy-inexpensive operation process based on Cr doped GeTe device has been achieved.
{"title":"Chromium doped GeTe for low-power-consumption phase change memory","authors":"J. Xue, Mingxu Pei, Weihua Wu, Xiaoqin Zhu, Long Zheng","doi":"10.1051/epjap/2020200275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2020200275","url":null,"abstract":"Phase change memory has gained increasing attention as an important candidate for future memory devices. The improvement in the performance of phase change materials by doping with various materials has been widely investigated. However, many doped elements tend to spontaneously accumulate at the grain boundaries during the crystallization process. In the present, the structure and phase change properties of Cr doped GeTe is investigated. Owing to the Cr lower electronegativity, stable Cr-Ge and Cr-Te bonds will be formed and change the local bonding environment of the Cr-doped GeTe. It is found that Cr atoms serve as a substitutional impurity and no other content separates out from the primary GeTe phase. The increased grain boundaries provide phonon and electron scattering centers, lead to a decreased thermal and electrical conductivity. As the result, the energy-inexpensive operation process based on Cr doped GeTe device has been achieved.","PeriodicalId":12228,"journal":{"name":"European Physical Journal-applied Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89158070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1051/epjap/2020200192
S. Bhattacharyya, Debraj Sarkar, U. Mahabaleshwar, M. Soni, M. Mohanraj
The current study experimentally investigates the heat transfer augmentation on the novel axial corrugated heat exchanger tube in which the spring tape is introduced. Air (Pr = 0.707) is used as a working fluid. In order to augment the thermohydraulic performance, a corrugated tube with inserts is offered. The experimental study is further extended by varying the important parameters like spring ratio (y = 1.5, 2.0, 2.5) and Reynolds number (Re = 10 000–52 000). The angular pitch between the two neighboring corrugations and the angle of the corrugation is kept constant through the experiments at β = 1200 and α = 600 respectively, while two different corrugations heights (h) are analyzed. While increasing the corrugation height and decreasing the spring ratio, the impact of the swirling effect improves the thermal performance of the system. The maximum thermal performance is obtained when the corrugation height is h = 0.2 and spring ratio y = 1.5. Eventually, correlations for predicting friction factor (f) and Nusselt number (Nu) are developed.
{"title":"Experimental study of thermohydraulic characteristics and irreversibility analysis of novel axial corrugated tube with spring tape inserts","authors":"S. Bhattacharyya, Debraj Sarkar, U. Mahabaleshwar, M. Soni, M. Mohanraj","doi":"10.1051/epjap/2020200192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2020200192","url":null,"abstract":"The current study experimentally investigates the heat transfer augmentation on the novel axial corrugated heat exchanger tube in which the spring tape is introduced. Air (Pr = 0.707) is used as a working fluid. In order to augment the thermohydraulic performance, a corrugated tube with inserts is offered. The experimental study is further extended by varying the important parameters like spring ratio (y = 1.5, 2.0, 2.5) and Reynolds number (Re = 10 000–52 000). The angular pitch between the two neighboring corrugations and the angle of the corrugation is kept constant through the experiments at β = 1200 and α = 600 respectively, while two different corrugations heights (h) are analyzed. While increasing the corrugation height and decreasing the spring ratio, the impact of the swirling effect improves the thermal performance of the system. The maximum thermal performance is obtained when the corrugation height is h = 0.2 and spring ratio y = 1.5. Eventually, correlations for predicting friction factor (f) and Nusselt number (Nu) are developed.","PeriodicalId":12228,"journal":{"name":"European Physical Journal-applied Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91171302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1051/EPJAP/2020200286
Zahoor Iqbal, Masood Khan, Awais Ahmed
In this study, an effort is made to model the thermal conduction and mass diffusion phenomena in perspective of Buongiorno’s model and Cattaneo-Christov theory for 2D flow of magnetized Burgers nanofluid due to stretching cylinder. Moreover, the impacts of Joule heating and heat source are also included to investigate the heat flow mechanism. Additionally, mass diffusion process in flow of nanofluid is examined by employing the influence of chemical reaction. Mathematical modelling of momentum, heat and mass diffusion equations is carried out in mathematical formulation section of the manuscript. Homotopy analysis method (HAM) in Wolfram Mathematica is utilized to analyze the effects of physical dimensionless constants on flow, temperature and solutal distributions of Burgers nanofluid. Graphical results are depicted and physically justified in results and discussion section. At the end of the manuscript the section of closing remarks is also included to highlight the main findings of this study. It is revealed that an escalation in thermal relaxation time constant leads to ascend the temperature curves of nanofluid. Additionally, depreciation is assessed in mass diffusion process due to escalating amount of thermophoretic force constant.
{"title":"Burgers fluid flow in perspective of Buongiorno’s model with improved heat and mass flux theory for stretching cylinder","authors":"Zahoor Iqbal, Masood Khan, Awais Ahmed","doi":"10.1051/EPJAP/2020200286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/EPJAP/2020200286","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, an effort is made to model the thermal conduction and mass diffusion phenomena in perspective of Buongiorno’s model and Cattaneo-Christov theory for 2D flow of magnetized Burgers nanofluid due to stretching cylinder. Moreover, the impacts of Joule heating and heat source are also included to investigate the heat flow mechanism. Additionally, mass diffusion process in flow of nanofluid is examined by employing the influence of chemical reaction. Mathematical modelling of momentum, heat and mass diffusion equations is carried out in mathematical formulation section of the manuscript. Homotopy analysis method (HAM) in Wolfram Mathematica is utilized to analyze the effects of physical dimensionless constants on flow, temperature and solutal distributions of Burgers nanofluid. Graphical results are depicted and physically justified in results and discussion section. At the end of the manuscript the section of closing remarks is also included to highlight the main findings of this study. It is revealed that an escalation in thermal relaxation time constant leads to ascend the temperature curves of nanofluid. Additionally, depreciation is assessed in mass diffusion process due to escalating amount of thermophoretic force constant.","PeriodicalId":12228,"journal":{"name":"European Physical Journal-applied Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73006362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1051/epjap/2020200226
Chahbi Aziz, A. Safaa, Faiz Adil, Hajjaji Abdelowahed
Several mass–spring–damper models have been developed to study the response of the human body parts. In such models, the lumped elements represent the mass of different body parts, and stiffness and damping properties of various tissues. The aim of this research is to develop a 2D axisymmetric model to simulate the motion of the human tympanic membrane. In this contribution we develop our model using a Comsol Multiphysics software to construct a 2D axisymmetric objects, the acoustic structure interaction between the ear canal (field of propagation of the acoustic wave) and the structure of ear (skin, cartilage, bone, tympanic membrane) was solved using finite elements analysis (FEA). A number of studies have investigated the motion of the human tympanic membrane attached to the ossicular chain and the middle ear cavity. In our model, the tympanic annular is assumed to be fixed and the loading of what comes behind the tympanic membrane as the ossicular chain, while middle ear cavity and cochlea were replaced by the equivalent mechanical impedance of a spring mass damper system. The obtained results demonstrate that the maximum displacements of the umbo are obtained at the frequency range of 0.9–2.6 kHz, the sound pressure gain had the shape of peak with a maximum at 2–3 kHz frequency range. The umbo displacement depends on the damping coefficient d, and the sound pressure at the tympanic membrane was enhanced compared to that at the ear canal entrance.
{"title":"2D modeling of the human ear using the equivalent mechanical impedance","authors":"Chahbi Aziz, A. Safaa, Faiz Adil, Hajjaji Abdelowahed","doi":"10.1051/epjap/2020200226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2020200226","url":null,"abstract":"Several mass–spring–damper models have been developed to study the response of the human body parts. In such models, the lumped elements represent the mass of different body parts, and stiffness and damping properties of various tissues. The aim of this research is to develop a 2D axisymmetric model to simulate the motion of the human tympanic membrane. In this contribution we develop our model using a Comsol Multiphysics software to construct a 2D axisymmetric objects, the acoustic structure interaction between the ear canal (field of propagation of the acoustic wave) and the structure of ear (skin, cartilage, bone, tympanic membrane) was solved using finite elements analysis (FEA). A number of studies have investigated the motion of the human tympanic membrane attached to the ossicular chain and the middle ear cavity. In our model, the tympanic annular is assumed to be fixed and the loading of what comes behind the tympanic membrane as the ossicular chain, while middle ear cavity and cochlea were replaced by the equivalent mechanical impedance of a spring mass damper system. The obtained results demonstrate that the maximum displacements of the umbo are obtained at the frequency range of 0.9–2.6 kHz, the sound pressure gain had the shape of peak with a maximum at 2–3 kHz frequency range. The umbo displacement depends on the damping coefficient d, and the sound pressure at the tympanic membrane was enhanced compared to that at the ear canal entrance.","PeriodicalId":12228,"journal":{"name":"European Physical Journal-applied Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82181568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-20DOI: 10.1051/epjap/2020200188
Aiqiang Chen, Yue Liu, G. E. Achkar, Erlong Li, Q. Zou, Bin Liu
In order to study the effects of magnetic field on the freezing characteristics of fruits and vegetables, carrot, potato and broccoli were frozen without and with a magnetic field of intensities 4.6 Gs, 9.2 Gs, 18 Gs and 36 Gs, while recording the temperature changes. The microstructure and temperature change of carrot during freezing were analyzed in detail. The results show that the magnetic field has effects on the freezing process of carrot strips, characterized by a reduction of the phase transition time and a characteristic diversity of the ice crystal formation zone. Crystallization characteristics are similar in the samples without and with a magnetic field of low intensities (4.6 Gs and 9.2 Gs), which show as a non-homogeneous phase transition process in the carrot sample, and the tissue changed showing a sunken, cell morphology variation and increased intercellular space. The freezing is almost homogeneous under a magnetic field of intensities 18 Gs and 36 Gs, then results in a slightly change of cell morphology. In addition, the effects of magnetic field on fruits and vegetables are varying with their species.
{"title":"Effects of magnetic field on freezing characters of carrot, potato and broccoli","authors":"Aiqiang Chen, Yue Liu, G. E. Achkar, Erlong Li, Q. Zou, Bin Liu","doi":"10.1051/epjap/2020200188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2020200188","url":null,"abstract":"In order to study the effects of magnetic field on the freezing characteristics of fruits and vegetables, carrot, potato and broccoli were frozen without and with a magnetic field of intensities 4.6 Gs, 9.2 Gs, 18 Gs and 36 Gs, while recording the temperature changes. The microstructure and temperature change of carrot during freezing were analyzed in detail. The results show that the magnetic field has effects on the freezing process of carrot strips, characterized by a reduction of the phase transition time and a characteristic diversity of the ice crystal formation zone. Crystallization characteristics are similar in the samples without and with a magnetic field of low intensities (4.6 Gs and 9.2 Gs), which show as a non-homogeneous phase transition process in the carrot sample, and the tissue changed showing a sunken, cell morphology variation and increased intercellular space. The freezing is almost homogeneous under a magnetic field of intensities 18 Gs and 36 Gs, then results in a slightly change of cell morphology. In addition, the effects of magnetic field on fruits and vegetables are varying with their species.","PeriodicalId":12228,"journal":{"name":"European Physical Journal-applied Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82089426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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