Pub Date : 2013-11-01DOI: 10.1586/17474108.2013.842688
Sachin S Shah, A. Kaul
Preterm birth is a leading cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity and continues to be one of the most common complications plaguing obstetrics and neonatology. Primary prevention of preterm birth remains the ultimate but elusive goal. However, efforts to curtail the impact of preterm birth are of great importance. Use of antenatal corticosteroids (ACSs) in threatened preterm labor has been one of the landmark interventions that have improved the neonatal outcome. Since the start of use of ACS: the acceptance has increased dramatically and now it has become the standard of care in threatened preterm labor. However, there are still many unresolved issues surrounding the usage of ACS. In this article, we attempt to synthesize the current available evidence and its application in our daily clinical scenarios.
{"title":"Maternal corticosteroid use: effects on the fetus and neonate","authors":"Sachin S Shah, A. Kaul","doi":"10.1586/17474108.2013.842688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/17474108.2013.842688","url":null,"abstract":"Preterm birth is a leading cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity and continues to be one of the most common complications plaguing obstetrics and neonatology. Primary prevention of preterm birth remains the ultimate but elusive goal. However, efforts to curtail the impact of preterm birth are of great importance. Use of antenatal corticosteroids (ACSs) in threatened preterm labor has been one of the landmark interventions that have improved the neonatal outcome. Since the start of use of ACS: the acceptance has increased dramatically and now it has become the standard of care in threatened preterm labor. However, there are still many unresolved issues surrounding the usage of ACS. In this article, we attempt to synthesize the current available evidence and its application in our daily clinical scenarios.","PeriodicalId":12242,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology","volume":"7 1","pages":"569-579"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80526478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-01DOI: 10.1586/17474108.2013.851847
N. Sengupta, T. Hillard
The menopause heralds a time of significant change in the hormonal milieu of a woman. This may present both physical and emotional challenges to the clinician, encompassing a wide time frame before and after the onset of menopause. While some symptoms are quite specific to menopause, some are not. The most commonly encountered problems in the early postmenopausal period in the urogynecological setting are: utero-vaginal/pelvic organ prolapse (POP), urinary incontinence (UI), recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTI) and uro-genital atrophy. This article reviews the presentation, assessment and initial management of these problems. A comprehensive review of the management of these conditions is beyond the scope of this article.
{"title":"Urogynecological risk assessment in postmenopausal women","authors":"N. Sengupta, T. Hillard","doi":"10.1586/17474108.2013.851847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/17474108.2013.851847","url":null,"abstract":"The menopause heralds a time of significant change in the hormonal milieu of a woman. This may present both physical and emotional challenges to the clinician, encompassing a wide time frame before and after the onset of menopause. While some symptoms are quite specific to menopause, some are not. The most commonly encountered problems in the early postmenopausal period in the urogynecological setting are: utero-vaginal/pelvic organ prolapse (POP), urinary incontinence (UI), recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTI) and uro-genital atrophy. This article reviews the presentation, assessment and initial management of these problems. A comprehensive review of the management of these conditions is beyond the scope of this article.","PeriodicalId":12242,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology","volume":"1 1","pages":"625-637"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82950418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-01DOI: 10.1586/17474108.2013.841453
Z. Lassi, Z. Bhutta
Around the world, 60 million women of reproductive age have type 2 diabetes and 15% of the pregnant women have gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). GDM accounts for 90% of all cases of diabetes in pregnancy, and if left unrecognized pose a higher risk of morbidity for mother and the fetus. Although GDM is a temporary phenomenon for the pregnant woman, but 5–10% of women with GDM develop type 2 diabetes after delivery and more than 50% within 5–10 years of delivery. However, the prevalence critically depends on the diagnostic methods and criteria. This review has undertaken an in-depth analysis to systematically assess the risk factors and interventions for screening, detection, prevention and management of pre-pregnancy obesity, pre-diabetes and diabetes at different levels of care (community, outreach, facility) and to draw research gaps and recommendations particularly for low- and middle-income countries.
{"title":"Risk factors and interventions related to maternal and pre-pregnancy obesity, pre-diabetes and diabetes for maternal, fetal and neonatal outcomes: a systematic review","authors":"Z. Lassi, Z. Bhutta","doi":"10.1586/17474108.2013.841453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/17474108.2013.841453","url":null,"abstract":"Around the world, 60 million women of reproductive age have type 2 diabetes and 15% of the pregnant women have gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). GDM accounts for 90% of all cases of diabetes in pregnancy, and if left unrecognized pose a higher risk of morbidity for mother and the fetus. Although GDM is a temporary phenomenon for the pregnant woman, but 5–10% of women with GDM develop type 2 diabetes after delivery and more than 50% within 5–10 years of delivery. However, the prevalence critically depends on the diagnostic methods and criteria. This review has undertaken an in-depth analysis to systematically assess the risk factors and interventions for screening, detection, prevention and management of pre-pregnancy obesity, pre-diabetes and diabetes at different levels of care (community, outreach, facility) and to draw research gaps and recommendations particularly for low- and middle-income countries.","PeriodicalId":12242,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology","volume":"16 1","pages":"639-660"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78006547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-09-01DOI: 10.1586/17474108.2013.825467
M. Morelli, R. Venturella, F. Zullo
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, “Magna Graecia” University, Gynecologic Oncology Unit, “Tommaso Campanella” Cancer Center of Germaneto, viale Europa, loc. Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro “It is important to emphasize that in women undergoing surgery for endometriosis and not desiring pregnancy, a medical treatment is also extremely useful, if not mandatory, to prevent both pain relapse and disease recurrence rate.”
{"title":"The importance of treating pain in endometriosis","authors":"M. Morelli, R. Venturella, F. Zullo","doi":"10.1586/17474108.2013.825467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/17474108.2013.825467","url":null,"abstract":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, “Magna Graecia” University, Gynecologic Oncology Unit, “Tommaso Campanella” Cancer Center of Germaneto, viale Europa, loc. Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro “It is important to emphasize that in women undergoing surgery for endometriosis and not desiring pregnancy, a medical treatment is also extremely useful, if not mandatory, to prevent both pain relapse and disease recurrence rate.”","PeriodicalId":12242,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology","volume":"24 1","pages":"393-395"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78809789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-09-01DOI: 10.1586/17474108.2013.825478
Y. Ng, S. Ng
Fertility rates in developed countries are declining. This is due to delayed childbearing which results in reduced fertility when the female tries for a child at an older age. The situation in Singapore is examined, as it is a good example of a developed country. Demographics show that marriages now occur later, and the first-born is to mothers who are becoming older. It is a biological fact that as the woman gets older, she is less fertile. With vitrification, it is now possible to cryopreserve these oocytes. This approach is now accepted by many medical organizations though there is a need to provide unbiased patient information so that she can make an informed decision. Possible down-sides to this strategy to ‘stop the clock’ (delay progression in age-related fertility decline) include elderly gravida and the accompanying obstetric problems. Another down-side to such a strategy will result in a large number of oocyte (egg) banks, and a large number of unclaimed oocytes. Elective oocyte cryopreservation...
{"title":"Oocyte cryopreservation as a strategy to overcome age-related fertility loss","authors":"Y. Ng, S. Ng","doi":"10.1586/17474108.2013.825478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/17474108.2013.825478","url":null,"abstract":"Fertility rates in developed countries are declining. This is due to delayed childbearing which results in reduced fertility when the female tries for a child at an older age. The situation in Singapore is examined, as it is a good example of a developed country. Demographics show that marriages now occur later, and the first-born is to mothers who are becoming older. It is a biological fact that as the woman gets older, she is less fertile. With vitrification, it is now possible to cryopreserve these oocytes. This approach is now accepted by many medical organizations though there is a need to provide unbiased patient information so that she can make an informed decision. Possible down-sides to this strategy to ‘stop the clock’ (delay progression in age-related fertility decline) include elderly gravida and the accompanying obstetric problems. Another down-side to such a strategy will result in a large number of oocyte (egg) banks, and a large number of unclaimed oocytes. Elective oocyte cryopreservation...","PeriodicalId":12242,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology","volume":"23 1","pages":"417-424"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73533761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-09-01DOI: 10.1586/17474108.2013.829709
R. Silver, Rita Sharshiner
Though the rate of cesarean delivery in the USA decreased in the1980s, it once again increased substantially over the last 20 years and accounts for about one third of all deliveries. Reasons for this trend are numerous and include a decrease in the rate of trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) delivery and an increase in primary cesareans, mostly due to labor abnormalities or abnormal fetal heart rate tracings. On balance, cesareans are relatively safe, contributing to our collective comfort with increasing numbers of procedures. However, there is considerable ‘downstream’ morbidity associated with cesareans, especially in women who undergo multiple procedures. This review will address the short-term and long-term complications associated with multiple cesarean sections and will briefly identify strategies to reduce the rate of cesarean delivery.
{"title":"Implications of multiple cesarean deliveries","authors":"R. Silver, Rita Sharshiner","doi":"10.1586/17474108.2013.829709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/17474108.2013.829709","url":null,"abstract":"Though the rate of cesarean delivery in the USA decreased in the1980s, it once again increased substantially over the last 20 years and accounts for about one third of all deliveries. Reasons for this trend are numerous and include a decrease in the rate of trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) delivery and an increase in primary cesareans, mostly due to labor abnormalities or abnormal fetal heart rate tracings. On balance, cesareans are relatively safe, contributing to our collective comfort with increasing numbers of procedures. However, there is considerable ‘downstream’ morbidity associated with cesareans, especially in women who undergo multiple procedures. This review will address the short-term and long-term complications associated with multiple cesarean sections and will briefly identify strategies to reduce the rate of cesarean delivery.","PeriodicalId":12242,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology","volume":"53 1","pages":"425-434"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91085717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-09-01DOI: 10.1586/17474108.2013.825474
K. Holoch, C. Shenoy, T. Falcone
Endometriosis is the presence of endometrial glands or stroma outside of the uterine cavity. While it is difficult to estimate overall incidence, it is thought that up to 10% of reproductive-age women have endometriosis, which can often result in infertility and pelvic pain. The variation and spectrum of symptoms produced by endometriosis can make patient management challenging, as some patients will present with debilitating pelvic pain and some will have few, if any, symptoms. Definitive diagnosis is made surgically, often with histological correlation. Symptomatic women can be managed either medically or surgically. Further complicating the treatment is the infertile patient with known or suspected endometriosis. While surgical treatments may benefit many patients with endometriosis-associated infertility, there is a subset of patients who may benefit more from proceeding to assisted reproductive technology. This paper will discuss surgical management of endometriosis in women with the primary complain...
{"title":"Surgical management of endometriosis","authors":"K. Holoch, C. Shenoy, T. Falcone","doi":"10.1586/17474108.2013.825474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/17474108.2013.825474","url":null,"abstract":"Endometriosis is the presence of endometrial glands or stroma outside of the uterine cavity. While it is difficult to estimate overall incidence, it is thought that up to 10% of reproductive-age women have endometriosis, which can often result in infertility and pelvic pain. The variation and spectrum of symptoms produced by endometriosis can make patient management challenging, as some patients will present with debilitating pelvic pain and some will have few, if any, symptoms. Definitive diagnosis is made surgically, often with histological correlation. Symptomatic women can be managed either medically or surgically. Further complicating the treatment is the infertile patient with known or suspected endometriosis. While surgical treatments may benefit many patients with endometriosis-associated infertility, there is a subset of patients who may benefit more from proceeding to assisted reproductive technology. This paper will discuss surgical management of endometriosis in women with the primary complain...","PeriodicalId":12242,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology","volume":"25 1","pages":"475-483"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78342340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-09-01DOI: 10.1586/17474108.2013.828885
S. Taşkın, E. Tolunay, M. Sönmezer
Surgery is a main management strategy in treatment of infertility originating from uterine, ovarian or tubal pathologies. However, benefits of surgery in accordance with the type of pathologies could not always be predicted. In summary, this review revealed that surgical correction of some pathologies lead to a significant improvement in fertility, such as submucous myomas or intramural myomas distorting endometrial cavity; however, benefit of surgery is controversial in some specific conditions including endometriomas. Outcome of surgical correction mostly depends on the type of pathology in uterine anomalies. Surgical treatment is a well-established approach in management of hydrosalpinx and it should be recommended before assisted reproduction. Reproductive surgery should be individualized according to the patient characteristics including age, duration of infertility, previous pregnancy losses and type of associated pathology.
{"title":"Reproductive surgery in infertile women","authors":"S. Taşkın, E. Tolunay, M. Sönmezer","doi":"10.1586/17474108.2013.828885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/17474108.2013.828885","url":null,"abstract":"Surgery is a main management strategy in treatment of infertility originating from uterine, ovarian or tubal pathologies. However, benefits of surgery in accordance with the type of pathologies could not always be predicted. In summary, this review revealed that surgical correction of some pathologies lead to a significant improvement in fertility, such as submucous myomas or intramural myomas distorting endometrial cavity; however, benefit of surgery is controversial in some specific conditions including endometriomas. Outcome of surgical correction mostly depends on the type of pathology in uterine anomalies. Surgical treatment is a well-established approach in management of hydrosalpinx and it should be recommended before assisted reproduction. Reproductive surgery should be individualized according to the patient characteristics including age, duration of infertility, previous pregnancy losses and type of associated pathology.","PeriodicalId":12242,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology","volume":"11 1","pages":"443-455"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83595660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-09-01DOI: 10.1586/17474108.2013.825472
J. Krapf, Z. Belkin, A. Goldstein
Vulvovaginal atrophy is a frequently neglected symptom of menopause. While an estimated 10–40% of women are affected by the progressive symptoms of vaginal dryness, irritation, itching, dysuria and dyspareunia, only a quarter of symptomatic women are believed to seek medical attention. Until recently, treatments for vulvovaginal atrophy were limited to often insufficient or inappropriate oral estrogen therapies and over-the-counter lubricants and moisturizers. Currently, a broader range of treatments, which address symptom reduction and estrogen restoration to affected tissue, are being developed. Among these treatments are local estrogen, selective estrogen receptor modulators, tissue-selective estrogen complexes, local androgens, dehydroepiandrosterone, oxytocin, phytoestrogens and nonhormonal options. The aim of this article is to discuss current treatments for vulvovaginal atrophy. In addition, we will discuss alternative therapies and explore emerging strategies for care.
{"title":"Advances in the treatment of vulvovaginal atrophy","authors":"J. Krapf, Z. Belkin, A. Goldstein","doi":"10.1586/17474108.2013.825472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/17474108.2013.825472","url":null,"abstract":"Vulvovaginal atrophy is a frequently neglected symptom of menopause. While an estimated 10–40% of women are affected by the progressive symptoms of vaginal dryness, irritation, itching, dysuria and dyspareunia, only a quarter of symptomatic women are believed to seek medical attention. Until recently, treatments for vulvovaginal atrophy were limited to often insufficient or inappropriate oral estrogen therapies and over-the-counter lubricants and moisturizers. Currently, a broader range of treatments, which address symptom reduction and estrogen restoration to affected tissue, are being developed. Among these treatments are local estrogen, selective estrogen receptor modulators, tissue-selective estrogen complexes, local androgens, dehydroepiandrosterone, oxytocin, phytoestrogens and nonhormonal options. The aim of this article is to discuss current treatments for vulvovaginal atrophy. In addition, we will discuss alternative therapies and explore emerging strategies for care.","PeriodicalId":12242,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology","volume":"34 1","pages":"457-465"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78723753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-09-01DOI: 10.1586/17474108.2013.825456
L. Carvalho, C. Y. Hui, A. Agarwal
Endometriosis is an inflammatory disease defined by the presence of ectopic endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity and is associated with infertility. An aberrant molecular phenotype of the eutopic endometrium in women with endometriosis is thought to affect endometrial receptivity. For successful maternal-embryonic dialog, an appropriate expression of growth factors, cytokines and hormones and their regulation of cell adhesion molecules is necessary. Many articles have found that certain biomarkers such as leukemia inhibiting factor (LIF) from the IL-6 family, glycodelin A (GdA) and αvβ3 integrin are abnormally downregulated in women with endometriosis. The altered expression of progesterone receptor expression also decreased expression of HOX genes in the eutopic endometrium, leading to an abnormal activation or repression of the downstream genes regulated by the HOX genes that produce biomarkers of endometrial receptivity. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of endometriosis-rela...
{"title":"Endometriosis and infertility: biomarkers affecting implantation rate","authors":"L. Carvalho, C. Y. Hui, A. Agarwal","doi":"10.1586/17474108.2013.825456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/17474108.2013.825456","url":null,"abstract":"Endometriosis is an inflammatory disease defined by the presence of ectopic endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity and is associated with infertility. An aberrant molecular phenotype of the eutopic endometrium in women with endometriosis is thought to affect endometrial receptivity. For successful maternal-embryonic dialog, an appropriate expression of growth factors, cytokines and hormones and their regulation of cell adhesion molecules is necessary. Many articles have found that certain biomarkers such as leukemia inhibiting factor (LIF) from the IL-6 family, glycodelin A (GdA) and αvβ3 integrin are abnormally downregulated in women with endometriosis. The altered expression of progesterone receptor expression also decreased expression of HOX genes in the eutopic endometrium, leading to an abnormal activation or repression of the downstream genes regulated by the HOX genes that produce biomarkers of endometrial receptivity. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of endometriosis-rela...","PeriodicalId":12242,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology","volume":"22 1","pages":"467-473"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84503959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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