Pub Date : 2013-09-01DOI: 10.1586/17474108.2013.830840
J. Check
Women with diminished oocyte reserve do not have very poor oocyte quality similar to women of advanced reproductive age. The very poor pregnancy rates found in many studies of IVF-ET in this population seems to be related to the use of high-dosage FSH stimulation. The presence of significant elevated FSH levels leave many women more prone to FSH receptor downregulation. The best ‘hypothesis’ to fit the poor success rate found with high FSH stimulation is that FSH receptor downregulation leads to an insufficient production of a factor needed to prevent non-disjunction of chromosomes, leading to the creation of embryos with a high percentage of aneuploidy. Mild stimulation, to a reasonable degree obviates the problem with FSH receptors and results in the production of live healthy babies.
{"title":"Optimizing IVF outcomes for women with diminished oocyte reserve","authors":"J. Check","doi":"10.1586/17474108.2013.830840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/17474108.2013.830840","url":null,"abstract":"Women with diminished oocyte reserve do not have very poor oocyte quality similar to women of advanced reproductive age. The very poor pregnancy rates found in many studies of IVF-ET in this population seems to be related to the use of high-dosage FSH stimulation. The presence of significant elevated FSH levels leave many women more prone to FSH receptor downregulation. The best ‘hypothesis’ to fit the poor success rate found with high FSH stimulation is that FSH receptor downregulation leads to an insufficient production of a factor needed to prevent non-disjunction of chromosomes, leading to the creation of embryos with a high percentage of aneuploidy. Mild stimulation, to a reasonable degree obviates the problem with FSH receptors and results in the production of live healthy babies.","PeriodicalId":12242,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology","volume":"78 1","pages":"401-415"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81211219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-09-01DOI: 10.1586/17474108.2013.825477
D. Grossman
After more than a decade, the battle surrounding over-the-counter (OTC) access to emergency contraception (EC) in the USA has finally been won. Science trumped politics in the end, and women are now able to obtain OTC EC on the shelf, and not just in a pharmacy, but in other retail stores as well. Building on this victory, reproductive health advocates in the USA are now beginning to set their sights on the next advance in contraceptive access: OTC oral contraceptive pills (OCPs). OTC access to OCPs might sound revolutionary in the USA or Western Europe, but it is the reality for most women in the world. A recent analysis of prescription requirements for OCPs in 147 countries found that women can easily obtain pills in pharmacies without a prescription in most of these countries [1]. In only 31% of countries, a prescription is required to obtain OCPs. In 24% of countries, pills are formally available OTC, while some countries (8%) require a woman to undergo health screening by a pharmacy worker before pills are provided without a prescription. In 38% of countries, OCPs are technically in a class of drug that should require a prescription, but they are generally available informally in pharmacies without a prescription. A growing body of evidence from some of these other countries, as well as experimental research from the USA, indicate that OTC access to OCPs is both safe and effective. The main safety question is whether women can accurately identify contraindications to use without the assistance of a clinician. In two studies in the USA, women were able to accurately identify contraindications to combined OCPs using a simple checklist, although in one study, 7% of women had unrecognized hypertension that was not identified until they saw a clinician [2,3]. Women were much more accurate at identifying contraindications to progestinonly OCPs, a formulation that has fewer and rarer contraindications compared to combined OCPs [4]. OTC access to OCPs also may help women with method continuation by making it easier to get more supply. In a study from El Paso, Texas, women who obtained OCPs in Mexican pharmacies OTC were significantly less likely to discontinue their method over 9 months compared to women who obtained OCPs by prescription in clinics [5]. In another study from Kuwait, where OCPs are available without a prescription, OTC users had similar method continuation compared to women who used OCPs under the supervision of a physician [6]. Importantly, US women are interested in OTC access to OCPs. A recent nationally representative survey found that 37% of women at risk of unintended pregnancy said they would be likely to use an OTC OCP if one were available [7]. Interest was highest among current OCP users, of which 59% said they were likely to use an OTC pill. In addition, 28% of women using no method and 33% of those using a less effective method, such as condoms
{"title":"Should women have over-the-counter access to oral contraceptive pills?","authors":"D. Grossman","doi":"10.1586/17474108.2013.825477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/17474108.2013.825477","url":null,"abstract":"After more than a decade, the battle surrounding over-the-counter (OTC) access to emergency contraception (EC) in the USA has finally been won. Science trumped politics in the end, and women are now able to obtain OTC EC on the shelf, and not just in a pharmacy, but in other retail stores as well. Building on this victory, reproductive health advocates in the USA are now beginning to set their sights on the next advance in contraceptive access: OTC oral contraceptive pills (OCPs). OTC access to OCPs might sound revolutionary in the USA or Western Europe, but it is the reality for most women in the world. A recent analysis of prescription requirements for OCPs in 147 countries found that women can easily obtain pills in pharmacies without a prescription in most of these countries [1]. In only 31% of countries, a prescription is required to obtain OCPs. In 24% of countries, pills are formally available OTC, while some countries (8%) require a woman to undergo health screening by a pharmacy worker before pills are provided without a prescription. In 38% of countries, OCPs are technically in a class of drug that should require a prescription, but they are generally available informally in pharmacies without a prescription. A growing body of evidence from some of these other countries, as well as experimental research from the USA, indicate that OTC access to OCPs is both safe and effective. The main safety question is whether women can accurately identify contraindications to use without the assistance of a clinician. In two studies in the USA, women were able to accurately identify contraindications to combined OCPs using a simple checklist, although in one study, 7% of women had unrecognized hypertension that was not identified until they saw a clinician [2,3]. Women were much more accurate at identifying contraindications to progestinonly OCPs, a formulation that has fewer and rarer contraindications compared to combined OCPs [4]. OTC access to OCPs also may help women with method continuation by making it easier to get more supply. In a study from El Paso, Texas, women who obtained OCPs in Mexican pharmacies OTC were significantly less likely to discontinue their method over 9 months compared to women who obtained OCPs by prescription in clinics [5]. In another study from Kuwait, where OCPs are available without a prescription, OTC users had similar method continuation compared to women who used OCPs under the supervision of a physician [6]. Importantly, US women are interested in OTC access to OCPs. A recent nationally representative survey found that 37% of women at risk of unintended pregnancy said they would be likely to use an OTC OCP if one were available [7]. Interest was highest among current OCP users, of which 59% said they were likely to use an OTC pill. In addition, 28% of women using no method and 33% of those using a less effective method, such as condoms","PeriodicalId":12242,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology","volume":"25 1","pages":"389-391"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91070367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-09-01DOI: 10.1586/17474108.2013.825481
M. V. Os, J. Ven, B. Kazemier, M. Haak, E. Pajkrt, B. Mol, C. Groot
Preterm birth is the most important cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, and ranks among the top 10 of global causes of burden of disease. Since treatment of threatened preterm delivery has limited effectiveness, the focus is on primary and secondary prevention. Identification of risk indicators in early pregnancy provides the opportunity for preventive measures. To determine the potential impact of individualized risk indicators on the prediction of preterm birth, we reviewed the literature on this topic. Risk indicators for spontaneous preterm birth can be categorized in five groups; characteristics of the individual (ethnicity/race), characteristics of the fetus (fetal gender fetal number and chorionicity), obstetric history (history of preterm birth), modifiable risk indicators (social status, life style, infection) and signs of early labour; potential predictors (sonographic markers, biomarkes). Risk for preterm birth can be seen as a continuous transition from one state to the other...
{"title":"Individualizing the risk for preterm birth: an overview of the literature","authors":"M. V. Os, J. Ven, B. Kazemier, M. Haak, E. Pajkrt, B. Mol, C. Groot","doi":"10.1586/17474108.2013.825481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/17474108.2013.825481","url":null,"abstract":"Preterm birth is the most important cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, and ranks among the top 10 of global causes of burden of disease. Since treatment of threatened preterm delivery has limited effectiveness, the focus is on primary and secondary prevention. Identification of risk indicators in early pregnancy provides the opportunity for preventive measures. To determine the potential impact of individualized risk indicators on the prediction of preterm birth, we reviewed the literature on this topic. Risk indicators for spontaneous preterm birth can be categorized in five groups; characteristics of the individual (ethnicity/race), characteristics of the fetus (fetal gender fetal number and chorionicity), obstetric history (history of preterm birth), modifiable risk indicators (social status, life style, infection) and signs of early labour; potential predictors (sonographic markers, biomarkes). Risk for preterm birth can be seen as a continuous transition from one state to the other...","PeriodicalId":12242,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology","volume":"325 1","pages":"435-442"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76360780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-01DOI: 10.1586/17474108.2013.811942
G. Secura, Colleen P McNicholas
. Although failure rates with perfect use can be very low, contraceptive methods that require a woman to remember to take medications, return to a clinic for an injection or secure refills result in typical-use failure rates that are much higher. For example, failure rates for the commonly used oral contraceptive pill (OCP) and depomedroxy progesterone acetate injection increase from 1% when used perfectly to 6–9% in real-world use
{"title":"Long-acting reversible contraceptive use among teens prevents unintended pregnancy: a look at the evidence","authors":"G. Secura, Colleen P McNicholas","doi":"10.1586/17474108.2013.811942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/17474108.2013.811942","url":null,"abstract":". Although failure rates with perfect use can be very low, contraceptive methods that require a woman to remember to take medications, return to a clinic for an injection or secure refills result in typical-use failure rates that are much higher. For example, failure rates for the commonly used oral contraceptive pill (OCP) and depomedroxy progesterone acetate injection increase from 1% when used perfectly to 6–9% in real-world use","PeriodicalId":12242,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology","volume":"500 ","pages":"297-299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91461968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-01DOI: 10.1586/17474108.2013.811941
J. Grentzer, Colleen P McNicholas, J. Peipert
The single-rod, etonogestrel-releasing, subdermal implant (ENG implant) is the most effective, long-acting reversible method of contraception available. The failure rate of the ENG implant is 0.05%, which makes it more effective than female sterilization. It is discreet, easy to insert and remove, has no effect on future fertility and is associated with a number of noncontraceptive health benefits. The ENG implant is safe and effective when used in the postpartum and postabortion setting, and in women who have contraindications to estrogen. The most common reason cited for discontinuation is irregular and unpredictable bleeding. However, structured, preinsertion counseling can increase continuation and user satisfaction.
{"title":"Use of the etonogestrel- releasing contraceptive implant","authors":"J. Grentzer, Colleen P McNicholas, J. Peipert","doi":"10.1586/17474108.2013.811941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/17474108.2013.811941","url":null,"abstract":"The single-rod, etonogestrel-releasing, subdermal implant (ENG implant) is the most effective, long-acting reversible method of contraception available. The failure rate of the ENG implant is 0.05%, which makes it more effective than female sterilization. It is discreet, easy to insert and remove, has no effect on future fertility and is associated with a number of noncontraceptive health benefits. The ENG implant is safe and effective when used in the postpartum and postabortion setting, and in women who have contraindications to estrogen. The most common reason cited for discontinuation is irregular and unpredictable bleeding. However, structured, preinsertion counseling can increase continuation and user satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":12242,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology","volume":"68 1","pages":"337-344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74371609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-01DOI: 10.1586/17474108.2013.811944
L. Webster, A. Shennan
{"title":"The potential of placental growth factor in the diagnosis and management of pre-eclampsia","authors":"L. Webster, A. Shennan","doi":"10.1586/17474108.2013.811944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/17474108.2013.811944","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12242,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology","volume":"112 1","pages":"305-307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79331613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-01DOI: 10.1586/17474108.2013.811939
David E Cantonwine, Russ Hauser, John D Meeker
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high production volume chemical with adverse endocrine and reproductive health effects in toxicological studies. Despite widespread general population exposure to BPA, knowledge of its potential impacts upon reproduction and pregnancy in humans is limited. This paper reviews the current epidemiological literature on fertility and adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with BPA exposure. It also provides relevant resources for health care providers who are in a unique position to provide guidance in reducing exposure to this endocrine disrupting chemical.
{"title":"Bisphenol A and Human Reproductive Health.","authors":"David E Cantonwine, Russ Hauser, John D Meeker","doi":"10.1586/17474108.2013.811939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/17474108.2013.811939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high production volume chemical with adverse endocrine and reproductive health effects in toxicological studies. Despite widespread general population exposure to BPA, knowledge of its potential impacts upon reproduction and pregnancy in humans is limited. This paper reviews the current epidemiological literature on fertility and adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with BPA exposure. It also provides relevant resources for health care providers who are in a unique position to provide guidance in reducing exposure to this endocrine disrupting chemical.</p>","PeriodicalId":12242,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1586/17474108.2013.811939","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31829552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-01DOI: 10.1586/17474108.2013.811932
Maria C Di, V. Berghella
The risk of early birth increases markedly with decreasing cervical length (CL) in both singleton and multiple pregnancies. Transvaginal ultrasound of CL can be useful in determining women that are at risk of preterm delivery and may be helpful in preventing unnecessary intervention. Appropriate technique is essential for correct results. Factors that affect the value of CL in the prediction of spontaneous preterm delivery include gestational age, patient obstetrical and medical history, symptoms and the number of fetuses. The value of CL consists of identifying high-risk women for therapeutic strategies, to reduce the rate of spontaneous preterm birth, such as progestogens, cervical cerclage and more recently, cervical pessary. Progestogens and cervical cerclage are more effective in gestations with prior preterm birth.
{"title":"Cervical length for the prediction and prevention of preterm birth","authors":"Maria C Di, V. Berghella","doi":"10.1586/17474108.2013.811932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/17474108.2013.811932","url":null,"abstract":"The risk of early birth increases markedly with decreasing cervical length (CL) in both singleton and multiple pregnancies. Transvaginal ultrasound of CL can be useful in determining women that are at risk of preterm delivery and may be helpful in preventing unnecessary intervention. Appropriate technique is essential for correct results. Factors that affect the value of CL in the prediction of spontaneous preterm delivery include gestational age, patient obstetrical and medical history, symptoms and the number of fetuses. The value of CL consists of identifying high-risk women for therapeutic strategies, to reduce the rate of spontaneous preterm birth, such as progestogens, cervical cerclage and more recently, cervical pessary. Progestogens and cervical cerclage are more effective in gestations with prior preterm birth.","PeriodicalId":12242,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology","volume":"4 1","pages":"345-355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86368095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-01DOI: 10.1586/17474108.2013.811930
G. Benagiano
Giuseppe Benagiano speaks to Claire Attwood, Commissioning EditorProfessor Giuseppe Benagiano’s scientific interests have been in reproductive medicine, obstetrics and gynecology and public health. His early work focused on placental enzymes and the feto-placental unit. Then, for years, he focused his attention on contraception. More recently, his research activities have expanded to gynecological disorders of endocrine origin, such as endometriosis, adenomyosis and leiomyomata, and he has pioneered the use of GnRH analogues for these conditions. Over the last decade, he has dedicated himself to the issue of bioethics, published a number of essays on bioethics of reproduction and became coeditor of a special supplement of Reproductive BioMedicine Online called ‘Ethics, Bioscience and Life’. In recognition of his scientific achievements, he has been appointed Visiting Professor at the Ohio State University (OH, USA) and at the Peking Union Medical College University, Honorary Professor at the Health Scienc...
Giuseppe Benagiano教授的科学兴趣一直在生殖医学、妇产科和公共卫生领域。他早期的工作集中在胎盘酶和胎儿-胎盘单位。然后，多年来，他把注意力集中在避孕上。最近，他的研究活动已扩展到内分泌来源的妇科疾病，如子宫内膜异位症、子宫腺肌症和平滑肌瘤，他率先使用GnRH类似物治疗这些疾病。在过去的十年中，他致力于生物伦理学问题，发表了许多关于生殖生物伦理学的论文，并成为生殖生物医学在线特别增刊“伦理学，生物科学和生命”的共同编辑。为了表彰他的科学成就，他被任命为俄亥俄州立大学(OH, USA)的客座教授和北京协和医科大学的健康科学荣誉教授。
{"title":"Bioethics in reproduction","authors":"G. Benagiano","doi":"10.1586/17474108.2013.811930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/17474108.2013.811930","url":null,"abstract":"Giuseppe Benagiano speaks to Claire Attwood, Commissioning EditorProfessor Giuseppe Benagiano’s scientific interests have been in reproductive medicine, obstetrics and gynecology and public health. His early work focused on placental enzymes and the feto-placental unit. Then, for years, he focused his attention on contraception. More recently, his research activities have expanded to gynecological disorders of endocrine origin, such as endometriosis, adenomyosis and leiomyomata, and he has pioneered the use of GnRH analogues for these conditions. Over the last decade, he has dedicated himself to the issue of bioethics, published a number of essays on bioethics of reproduction and became coeditor of a special supplement of Reproductive BioMedicine Online called ‘Ethics, Bioscience and Life’. In recognition of his scientific achievements, he has been appointed Visiting Professor at the Ohio State University (OH, USA) and at the Peking Union Medical College University, Honorary Professor at the Health Scienc...","PeriodicalId":12242,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology","volume":"8 1","pages":"315-317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76108113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-01DOI: 10.1586/17474108.2013.811937
R. Moon, N. Harvey
{"title":"Maternal pregnancy vitamin D status and offspring musculoskeletal health","authors":"R. Moon, N. Harvey","doi":"10.1586/17474108.2013.811937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/17474108.2013.811937","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12242,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology","volume":"26 1","pages":"301-303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77869851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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