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APPLICATION OF MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY IN THE TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS OF TRIAZINE PESTICIDES IN WATER 膜技术在水中三嗪类农药处理分析中的应用
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/FUPCT1802229B
M. Branković, A. Bojić, Darko Anđelković, Tatjana Anđelković
The quality of consumable water is decreasing due to increasing water pollution caused by the production and use of human-made chemicals. A significant part of these chemicals are pesticides from the class of triazines since they are widely used in agriculture as herbicides. Water treatment techniques mainly rely on separation science, where the membrane technology has been identified as the most useful. Membrane processes used in water treatment are microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis. In general, the pollutant retention/rejection by membranes depends on the physicochemical properties of the membrane i.e. membrane material, porosity, pore size and on the properties of the pollutant molecule i.e. size, length, width, molecular weight, hydrophobicity or dipole moment. The pollutant retention also depends on the feed-water composition (organic matter and salt presence, solute concentration, water pH). Thus, effective water treatment depends on the selection of an appropriate type of membrane for a particular type of pollutants. Membrane technology is also significant because it is used in polluted water analysis, more precise as a part of a liquid-phase or solid-phase microextraction. Among several developed membrane-based microextraction methods, in triazine polluted water analysis common are membrane-protected solid-phase microextraction and hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction. In this field, researchers tend to achieve membrane-pollutant compatibility through the synthesis of polymeric materials with molecular recognition properties i.e. through a technology called molecular imprinting. HIGHLIGHTS Among several water treatment techniques, the membrane technology has been identified as the most robust and flexible one. The most common water pollutants are triazine pesticides since they are widely used in agriculture as herbicides. The triazines retention by membranes depends on the membrane and triazine molecule properties, but also on the feed-water composition. Thanks to the molecular imprinting technology, membrane technology has found its application in polluted water analysis as a part of sample preparation.
由于生产和使用人造化学品造成的水污染日益严重,饮用水的质量正在下降。这些化学品中有很大一部分是三嗪类杀虫剂,因为它们在农业中被广泛用作除草剂。水处理技术主要依赖于分离科学,其中膜技术被认为是最有用的。用于水处理的膜工艺有微滤、超滤、纳滤和反渗透。一般来说,膜对污染物的保留/排斥取决于膜的物理化学性质,即膜材料、孔隙度、孔径,以及污染物分子的性质,即大小、长度、宽度、分子量、疏水性或偶极矩。污染物滞留也取决于给水组成(有机物和盐的存在,溶质浓度,水的pH值)。因此,有效的水处理取决于为特定类型的污染物选择适当类型的膜。膜技术也很重要,因为它用于污水分析,作为液相或固相微萃取的一部分更精确。在目前发展起来的几种基于膜的微萃取方法中,在三嗪污染水体分析中常用的有膜保护固相微萃取和中空纤维液相微萃取。在这一领域,研究人员倾向于通过合成具有分子识别特性的聚合物材料,即通过一种称为分子印迹的技术来实现膜与污染物的相容性。在几种水处理技术中,膜技术已被确定为最强大和最灵活的一种。最常见的水污染物是三嗪类农药,因为它们在农业中被广泛用作除草剂。三嗪类化合物在膜上的保留取决于膜和三嗪类化合物的分子性质,但也与给水组成有关。由于分子印迹技术的出现,膜技术作为样品制备的一部分在污水分析中得到了应用。
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引用次数: 1
COMPARING TEXTUAL, VISUAL AND PRACTICAL METHODS FOR TEACHING PHYSICS 物理教学中文本教学法、视觉教学法和实践教学法的比较
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/FUPCT1803267R
Lazar Radenković, M. Radović, L. Nešić
The same material about friction was covered by the same teacher in three different ways: using only verbal and textual means of communication (text group), using visual aids (diagram group) and using simple experiments (experiment group). The conceptual understanding of each group was evaluated using a test developed for this research. The scores were similar across the groups. HIGHLIGHTS We used friction examples to compare three methods for teaching physics: textual, visual and practical. The first group of students had the textual version of the lesson, with no drawings or diagrams. The second group of students had the usual class, in which the verbal explanation is accompanied by drawings and diagrams on the board. The third group had the complete bundle – verbal explanations, diagrams on the board, and a chance to conduct simple experiments. The effectiveness of teaching methods was evaluated using a conceptual test developed for this research. The scores of all groups were very similar.
同一位老师以三种不同的方式讲述了关于摩擦的相同材料:仅使用口头和文本交流方式(文本组),使用视觉辅助工具(图表组)和使用简单实验(实验组)。使用为本研究开发的测试来评估每个组的概念理解。两组的得分相似。我们用摩擦的例子来比较三种物理教学方法:文本、视觉和实践。第一组学生有课文版本,没有图画或图表。第二组学生照常上课,口头讲解伴随着黑板上的图画和图表。第三组有完整的套餐——口头解释,黑板上的图表,以及进行简单实验的机会。使用为本研究开发的概念测试来评估教学方法的有效性。各组的得分非常相似。
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引用次数: 0
RESEARCH AND EVALUATING OF HYPOTHETICALLY-DEDUCTIVE STUDENT REASONING IN REPUBLIC SERBIA 塞尔维亚共和国学生假设演绎推理的研究与评价
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/FUPCT1803249R
B. Radulović, M. Stojanović
The goal of this research is an examination of the degree of development of hypothetical-deductive reasoning in general high schools (“gymnasiums”) in the Republic of Serbia. Hypothetical-deductive reasoning is one of the categories of scientific reasoning that can be measured by the Lawson test. The main characteristic of this reasoning is the indication of the degree of development of abstract thinking in adolescents. Adolescents who have developed this method of reasoning can "operate" statements, establish complex relationships among them, and combine them in a systematic way by reaching a set of all possible combinations. Hypothetical-deductive reasoning is especially important during experiments in physics teaching. It is therefore important to examine how many students have reached this level of reasoning, and find a way to increase the level of scientific reasoning of students. The research involved 654 high school students from Novi Sad and Backa Palanka. The results of the study showed that around 13% of gymnasiums answered correctly all questions related to hypothetical-deductive reasoning. The obtained data indicate that for most students, hypothetical-deductive reasoning has not been developed. The paper presents the way in which hypothetical-deductive reasoning can be developed or stimulated.
本研究的目的是检查塞尔维亚共和国普通高中(“体育馆”)的假设-演绎推理发展程度。假设-演绎推理是可以通过劳森检验来衡量的科学推理范畴之一。这种推理的主要特征是对青少年抽象思维发展程度的指示。发展了这种推理方法的青少年可以“操作”陈述,在陈述之间建立复杂的关系,并通过达到所有可能组合的集合,以系统的方式将它们组合起来。假设演绎推理在物理实验教学中尤为重要。因此,重要的是要检查有多少学生已经达到了这种推理水平,并找到一种方法来提高学生的科学推理水平。这项研究涉及来自诺维萨德和巴卡帕兰卡的654名高中生。研究结果显示,大约13%的体育馆答对了所有与假设演绎推理相关的问题。获得的数据表明,对大多数学生来说,假设演绎推理尚未发展。本文提出了假设演绎推理可以发展或刺激的方式。
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引用次数: 1
Single electron capture into arbitrary states of bare projectiles from multi-electron targets 从多电子目标发射的裸射弹的单电子捕获到任意状态
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/FUPCT1802239M
N. Milojević, I. Mančev
. The prior form of four-body boundary-corrected first Born (CB1-4B) method is applied to calculate the total cross sections for single electron capture from the K-shell of multi-electron atoms (C, N, O, Ar) by fast projectiles (H + , He 2+ and Li 3+ ). All calculations are carried out for electron capture into the arbitrary n, l, and m final states of the projectiles. The present results are found to be in very good agreement with the available experimental data at intermediate and high impact energies.
. 应用四体边界修正first Born (CB1-4B)方法的先验形式计算了多电子原子(C, N, O, Ar)被快速弹丸(H +, He 2+和Li 3+)从k壳层捕获单个电子的总截面。所有的计算都是在电子捕获到任意的n、1和m的最终状态时进行的。所得结果与已有的中高冲击能的实验数据吻合得很好。
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引用次数: 0
An overview of the scientific research work at the Department of Chemistry of the Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics in Nis based on the defended master’s and PhD theses (1971-2017) 基于硕士、博士学位论文答辩的尼斯大学科学与数学学院化学系科研工作综述(1971-2017)
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/FUPCT1802191N
R. S. Nikolic, D. Kostić
. This paper presents an overview of the scientific research work carried out at the Department of Chemistry of the Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics of the University of Niš. The scientific research work was realized in the form of masters and PhD theses, as well as within the projects funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. In the field of chemistry, a total of 110 masters’ theses and 105 doctoral dissertations were defended during the period 1971-2017. Thirty-nine PhD theses are the result of the PhD program introduced 2006. The Chemistry Department gave a significant contribution in the field of education and science by educating a large number of high-quality masters and PhD students some of which have found positions at the Chemistry Department of the Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics in Niš and other Serbian and foreign scientific institutions.
. 本文概述了尼什大学科学与数学学院化学系开展的科研工作。科研工作以硕士和博士论文的形式进行,并在塞尔维亚共和国教育、科学和技术发展部资助的项目中进行。在化学领域,1971-2017年共有110篇硕士论文和105篇博士论文获得答辩。39篇博士论文是2006年引进的博士项目的成果。化学系在教育和科学领域作出了重大贡献,培养了大批高质量的硕士生和博士生,其中一些人在尼什科学和数学学院化学系以及其他塞尔维亚和外国科学机构找到了职位。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation of reaction conditions on synthesis of steroidal bromohydrin and structural analysis of novel 6α-brom-5β-hydroxy derivative 甾体溴丙烷合成反应条件的研究及新型6α-溴-5β-羟基衍生物的结构分析
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/FUPCT1802219K
Z. I. Kuzminac, R. O. Klisuric, R. Nikolić, N. Sakač
Serbia Abstract . Reaction conditions variation and its influence on the reaction of 3β-acetoxy-17- oxa-17a-homoandrost-5-en-16-one with in situ generated hypobromous acid was investigated. Hypobromous acid was generated from N-bromoacetamide or N bromosuccinimide and perchloric acid, and as solvent dioxane, dimethoxyethane or tetrahydrofuran were used. After a series of experiments, it was determined that the number of the reaction products depends on the reagent used, solvents, perchloric acid concentration and the presence/absence of daylight. It has also been found that the yields of certain compounds depend also on the reaction time and temperature. 6α-Bromo-5β-hydroxy derivate is obtained by usage of NBA and 0.28 M perchloric acid in dioxane on daylight. Its structure was confirmed by NMR and X-ray crystal structure
摘要:研究了反应条件的变化及其对3β-乙酰氧基-17- oxa-17a-同雄酮-5-en-16- 1与原位生成的次溴酸反应的影响。以N-溴乙酰胺或N-溴丁二酰亚胺和高氯酸为原料制备次溴酸,以二氧六烷、二甲氧基乙烷或四氢呋喃为溶剂。经过一系列的实验,确定了反应产物的数量取决于所用的试剂,溶剂,高氯酸浓度和日光的存在/缺失。还发现某些化合物的产率还取决于反应时间和温度。用NBA和0.28 M的高氯酸在日光条件下在二恶烷中合成了6α-溴-5β-羟基衍生物。其结构经核磁共振和x射线晶体结构证实
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引用次数: 4
ELECTROPHORETIC DEPOSITION AS AN EFFECTIVE AND SIMPLE PROCESSING TECHNIQUE FOR FABRICATION OF MAGNESIUM SILICATE HYDRATE (M-S-H) COATINGS ONTO STAINLESS STEEL SUBSTRATES 电泳沉积是一种在不锈钢基体上制备水合硅酸镁(m-s-h)涂层的有效而简单的工艺技术
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/FUPCT1803297R
Jelena Čović, M. Ranđelović, A. Zarubica, A. Bojić
Magnesium silicate hydrate (M-S-H) was prepared via one-pot hydrothermal synthesis and electrophoretically deposited (EPD) onto stainless steel substrate (Type 304), varying different process parameters. The optimal conditions for the EPD process were found to be as follows. A stable suspension of material was achieved using isopropanol containing 1% water as dispersing medium and Mg-nitrate as charging additive. The best coating was obtained after three successively repeated EPD processes at a voltage of 30 V, accompanied by drying at room temperature between each EPD cycle. The coating showed a thickness of 31 µm and very smooth surface. After calcination at 900 °C coating retains its adherence to the substrate but undergoes a structural transformation from poorly crystallized M-S-H to well-crystallized clinoenstatite phase which is known for its biocompatibility. As a result, it densifies and shrinks giving grainy and slightly rough surface. Structural properties and parameters of the magnesium silicate hydrate (M-S-H) and clinoenstatite were acquired by XRD technique, while morphology was examined by the analysis of SEM micrographs. This study demonstrates that: i) M-S-H can be synthesized through simple hydrothermal route starting from simple, low-cost precursors, ii) EPD process is an effective technique for deposition of M-S-H materials onto stainless steel and iii) inosilicate mineral (clinoenstatite) can be successfully obtained from M-S-H by calcination at 900 °C. HIGHLIGHTS Magnesium silicate hydrate (M-S-H) was prepared via a one-pot hydrothermal synthesis. The optimal conditions for the electrolytic deposition process were determined. Kinetics of the process were investigated using the Hamaker`s equation. Clinoenstatite can be successfully obtained from M-S-H by calcination.
采用一锅水热合成方法制备水合硅酸镁,并在不同工艺参数下在304型不锈钢基体上电泳沉积。EPD工艺的最佳工艺条件如下:以含1%水的异丙醇为分散介质,硝酸镁为加料添加剂,获得了稳定的悬浮液。在30 V电压下连续三次重复EPD工艺,并在每次EPD循环之间进行室温干燥,获得最佳涂层。涂层厚度为31µm,表面非常光滑。在900°C煅烧后,涂层保留了对基体的粘附性,但经历了从不良结晶的M-S-H到良好结晶的斜辉石相的结构转变,这是众所周知的生物相容性。因此,它会变致密和收缩,形成颗粒状和稍微粗糙的表面。采用XRD技术获得了水合硅酸镁(M-S-H)和斜辉石的结构性能和参数,并通过SEM显微图分析了其形貌。本研究表明:1)M-S-H可以通过简单的水热路线合成,从简单、低成本的前驱体开始;2)EPD工艺是一种有效的将M-S-H材料沉积到不锈钢上的技术;3)M-S-H在900℃下煅烧可以成功地获得无机硅酸盐矿物(斜辉辉石)。采用一锅水热法制备了水合硅酸镁。确定了电解沉积的最佳工艺条件。利用Hamaker方程研究了该过程的动力学。M-S-H经煅烧可成功制得斜辉辉石。
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引用次数: 0
Antimicrobial activity of the secondary metabolites of the genus Bryoria - a review 布氏菌属次生代谢产物抗菌活性研究进展
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/FUPCT1802183M
Zdravko N. Milovanovic, D. Kostić, V. Milovanović, A. Đorđević, G. Stojanović
Main secondary metabolites identified in species of genus Bryoria are fumarprotocetraric and confumarprotocetraric acids, followed by stictic and lobaric acids, atranorin, gyrophoric, vulpinic, barbatolic and usnic acids. This review deals with the antimicrobial activity of substances identified from the genus Bryoria. These data may be useful in predicting the activity of extracts if their composition is known. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant No. 172047].
Bryoria属植物次生代谢产物主要为富马原铈酸和异马原铈酸,其次为粘酸和阔叶酸、atanorin、gyrophoric、vulpinic、barbatolic和usic酸。本文综述了从布氏菌属中鉴定出的抗微生物活性物质。如果提取物的成分已知,这些数据可能有助于预测其活性。[塞尔维亚教育科学技术发展部项目,批准号:172047]。
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引用次数: 2
RETURN TIME STATISTICS OF EXTREME EVENTS IN DISCRETE NONLINEAR LATTICES 离散非线性格中极端事件的返回时间统计
Pub Date : 2017-12-06 DOI: 10.2298/FUPCT1701035M
A. Mančić, A. Maluckov
Time statistics of extreme events (EEs) in one-dimensional discrete Salerno lattices is investigated numerically. We show that the dependence of the mean return time of EEs on the amplitude threshold can be used as a criterion to differentiate between various dynamical regimes of the extreme events. Also, we found that dispersion of points on the time probability distribution curve can be an indicator of the appearance of EEs in the system, but it has to be complemented with other statistical measures. The results obtained here can be used to distinguish between different dynamical regimes and as identifiers of the EEs existence in the lattice system.
对一维离散Salerno格中极端事件的时间统计量进行了数值研究。结果表明,电场的平均返回时间对振幅阈值的依赖性可以作为区分极端事件的各种动力机制的判据。此外,我们发现时间概率分布曲线上点的离散度可以作为系统中EEs出现的一个指标,但它必须与其他统计度量相辅相成。所得结果可用于区分不同的动力学状态,并作为晶格系统中EEs存在的标识符。
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引用次数: 0
THE EFFECT OF OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS ON DECOLOURISATION OF TEXTILE DYES AND COMPARISON EFFICIENCIES OF THE UV/H2O2, FENTON AND PHOTO-FENTON PROCESSES: A REVIEW 操作参数对纺织染料脱色的影响及uv / h2o2、fenton和光fenton工艺的比较效果综述
Pub Date : 2017-12-06 DOI: 10.2298/FUPCT1701023N
S. Najdanović, J. Mitrović, A. Zarubica, A. Bojić
The applicability of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as UV/H 2 O 2 , Fenton and photo-Fenton for removal of textile dyes from wastewater and effect of operational parameters (initial dye concentration, initial H 2 O 2 concentration, initial Fe 2+ concentration and initial pH) on these processes have been reviewed. A numerous works have been reported where AOPs were used for degradation of textile dyes and results showed that they are very effective. By comparing the rate of these processes it was found that photo-Fenton process is more efficient than Fenton and UV/H 2 O 2 process.
综述了UV/ h2o2、Fenton、光Fenton等高级氧化工艺对纺织废水中染料的去除率,以及操作参数(染料初始浓度、h2o2初始浓度、fe2 +初始浓度和初始pH)对这些工艺的影响。利用AOPs降解纺织染料已有大量的研究报道,结果表明AOPs具有很好的降解效果。结果表明,光-Fenton法比Fenton法和UV/ h2o2法效率更高。
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引用次数: 1
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Facta Universitatis - Series: Physics, Chemistry and Technology
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