Background and objective
Recent advances have led to the introduction of multiple combination treatments for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC), but their comparative efficacy and toxicity remain uncertain owing to the absence of head-to-head comparisons. We evaluated the efficacy and safety profile of darolutamide plus androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in comparison to other treatments.
Methods
A systematic search was conducted in the Cochrane Library up to September 30, 2024 in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were extracted. Odds ratios (ORs) for treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were calculated from the events reported.
Key findings and limitations
Eleven trials involving 11 389 patients were included. Darolutamide triplet therapy was associated with the highest overall PFS (HR 0.24, 95% CI 0.20–0.29) and OS (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.44–0.66). The highest PFS in low-volume disease was observed with enzalutamide (HR 0.29, 95% CI 0.21–0.38) and darolutamide (HR 0.30, 95% CI 0.15–0.60). All androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs) had higher toxicity than ADT, except for darolutamide (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.71–1.39). In comparison to darolutamide, enzalutamide (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.08–3.80) and abiraterone (OR 3.18, 95% CI 1.74–5.80) were associated with higher risk of hypertension. Enzalutamide was associated with a higher risk of fatigue (OR 3.22, 95% CI 1.28–8.07). Limited direct comparisons between treatments may affect our conclusions regarding relative efficacy.
Conclusions and clinical implications
Our findings support the role of darolutamide as an effective and well-tolerated ARPI for mHSPC, particularly in low-volume metachronous disease and comorbidity-limited cases. These results may assist clinicians in planning personalized treatment strategies that balance efficacy and safety.
Patient summary
We compared different medical treatment options for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, with a special focus on a drug called darolutamide. Darolutamide is well tolerated and is effective, particularly in patients with a low volume of metastasis and patients with other health conditions that may limit their treatment options.
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