Pub Date : 2013-11-22DOI: 10.1586/17469872.2013.844465
A. Velazquez, J. Brewer
The incidence of melanoma is rising steadily around the world, with varying mortality trends among different populations. Particularly, incidence rates among young adults, below age 40 years, have increased dramatically in the past decades. In young adults, the gender predominance is switched, with the highest incidence occurring in young women. Multiple risk factors are associated with higher risk of developing melanoma. Intermittent sunlight exposure and use of tanning beds early in life increase significantly the risk of melanoma. The prevalence of tanning bed use among young women and adolescents is increasing continuously. This trend may be associated with the increase in melanoma incidence among young women. Efforts to implement new active interventions that will increase public awareness of melanoma and the risks of tanning bed use are crucial; regulations on tanning bed use especially among those underage should be implemented.
{"title":"The epidemiology of melanoma in young adults","authors":"A. Velazquez, J. Brewer","doi":"10.1586/17469872.2013.844465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/17469872.2013.844465","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence of melanoma is rising steadily around the world, with varying mortality trends among different populations. Particularly, incidence rates among young adults, below age 40 years, have increased dramatically in the past decades. In young adults, the gender predominance is switched, with the highest incidence occurring in young women. Multiple risk factors are associated with higher risk of developing melanoma. Intermittent sunlight exposure and use of tanning beds early in life increase significantly the risk of melanoma. The prevalence of tanning bed use among young women and adolescents is increasing continuously. This trend may be associated with the increase in melanoma incidence among young women. Efforts to implement new active interventions that will increase public awareness of melanoma and the risks of tanning bed use are crucial; regulations on tanning bed use especially among those underage should be implemented.","PeriodicalId":12255,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Dermatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80935322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-22DOI: 10.1586/17469872.2013.856684
H. Ryu, J. E. Kim, Il-Hwan Kim
Melasma is a common pigmentary disorder with therapeutic challenges. Laser toning, a repetitive treatment of skin with low fluence 1064-nm Q-switched neodymium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet laser, has been recently used for treatment of melasma in Asia. Its mechanism is based on the subcellular selective photothermolysis theory that low fluence Q-switched neodymium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet laser treatment influences only melanosomes without destroying the melanocytes. No response to treatment, rebound hyperpigmentation or mottled hypopigmentation has been reported during laser toning. Patients with increased vasculature and erythema are poor indicators for laser toning, and history of skin-coloring tattooing should always be determined prior to treatment due to risk of paradoxical darkening. Sensitive skin with erythema should be treated prior to laser toning in order to recover the skin barrier. It is important to use low fluence for laser toning, as high fluence with strong photoacoustic energy will disrupt ...
{"title":"Precautions for the use of Q-switched neodymium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet laser for treatment of melasma","authors":"H. Ryu, J. E. Kim, Il-Hwan Kim","doi":"10.1586/17469872.2013.856684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/17469872.2013.856684","url":null,"abstract":"Melasma is a common pigmentary disorder with therapeutic challenges. Laser toning, a repetitive treatment of skin with low fluence 1064-nm Q-switched neodymium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet laser, has been recently used for treatment of melasma in Asia. Its mechanism is based on the subcellular selective photothermolysis theory that low fluence Q-switched neodymium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet laser treatment influences only melanosomes without destroying the melanocytes. No response to treatment, rebound hyperpigmentation or mottled hypopigmentation has been reported during laser toning. Patients with increased vasculature and erythema are poor indicators for laser toning, and history of skin-coloring tattooing should always be determined prior to treatment due to risk of paradoxical darkening. Sensitive skin with erythema should be treated prior to laser toning in order to recover the skin barrier. It is important to use low fluence for laser toning, as high fluence with strong photoacoustic energy will disrupt ...","PeriodicalId":12255,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Dermatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90501125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-01DOI: 10.1586/17469872.2013.837670
A. Kutner, A. Friedman
Chronic, nonhealing wounds inflict significant patient morbidity and mortality and impose considerable economic burdens to health care systems. This has prompted investigations of the potential wound healing therapies, and exogenous delivery of nitric oxide (NO) is one avenue that has been explored. NO is crucial for normal wound repair: it mediates many vital processes that take place after cutaneous injury and helps to ward off invading pathogens due to its inherent antimicrobial and cytostatic properties. Because of its dual wound repair and antimicrobial features, exogenous NO delivery for the acceleration of wound healing is an attractive therapeutic strategy. Several exogenous NO delivery methods have been studied, but limitations preclude their widespread clinical use. Nanotechnology can be exploited for therapeutic delivery of a variety of active ingredients including NO. A hybrid hydrogel/glass composite NO-releasing nanoparticles platform has demonstrated wound healing efficacy both in vitro and...
{"title":"Nitric oxide nanoparticles for wound healing: Future directions to overcome challenges","authors":"A. Kutner, A. Friedman","doi":"10.1586/17469872.2013.837670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/17469872.2013.837670","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic, nonhealing wounds inflict significant patient morbidity and mortality and impose considerable economic burdens to health care systems. This has prompted investigations of the potential wound healing therapies, and exogenous delivery of nitric oxide (NO) is one avenue that has been explored. NO is crucial for normal wound repair: it mediates many vital processes that take place after cutaneous injury and helps to ward off invading pathogens due to its inherent antimicrobial and cytostatic properties. Because of its dual wound repair and antimicrobial features, exogenous NO delivery for the acceleration of wound healing is an attractive therapeutic strategy. Several exogenous NO delivery methods have been studied, but limitations preclude their widespread clinical use. Nanotechnology can be exploited for therapeutic delivery of a variety of active ingredients including NO. A hybrid hydrogel/glass composite NO-releasing nanoparticles platform has demonstrated wound healing efficacy both in vitro and...","PeriodicalId":12255,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Dermatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76531410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-01DOI: 10.1586/17469872.2013.836014
K. Gordon, S. Patel, A. Tosti
Alopecia areata (AA) is the second most common cause of hair loss. It is crucial for the clinician to differentiate AA from other types of hair loss as it differs in prognosis and treatment. The diagnosis of AA can be made clinically; however, there are many nuances making an exact diagnosis challenging. This paper describes the differential diagnoses of both scarring and non-scarring hair loss that may mimic AA. It also highlights the diagnostic tests and pertinent findings that help distinguish AA from other types of hair loss.
{"title":"Diagnostic challenges in determining alopecia areata","authors":"K. Gordon, S. Patel, A. Tosti","doi":"10.1586/17469872.2013.836014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/17469872.2013.836014","url":null,"abstract":"Alopecia areata (AA) is the second most common cause of hair loss. It is crucial for the clinician to differentiate AA from other types of hair loss as it differs in prognosis and treatment. The diagnosis of AA can be made clinically; however, there are many nuances making an exact diagnosis challenging. This paper describes the differential diagnoses of both scarring and non-scarring hair loss that may mimic AA. It also highlights the diagnostic tests and pertinent findings that help distinguish AA from other types of hair loss.","PeriodicalId":12255,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Dermatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91495898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-29DOI: 10.1586/17469872.2013.856683
J. Simon, B. Thiers, M. Augustin
Actinic keratosis is a complex clinical disease for which no clear method exists to predict whether a given lesion will regress, remain stable or progress to non-melanoma skin cancer. Treating all (including subclinical) lesions with field-directed therapy to lower the risk of malignant transformation has been an important evolution in actinic keratosis management. In selected patients, lesion-directed approaches continue to occupy an important role. Despite the associated issues, cryotherapy remains standard of care. Early evidence with a new topical lesion-directed treatment containing low-dose-5-fluorouracil 0.5%/salicylic acid 10% suggests relevant advantages over cryotherapy in terms of sustained lesion clearance. For a condition with such a high global prevalence, remarkably little is known about the economic burden of actinic keratosis and relative cost–effectiveness of the various treatment modalities. Several questions need to be addressed if the challenges of increasing numbers of cases in years...
{"title":"Making proper judgement when choosing a treatment for actinic keratosis","authors":"J. Simon, B. Thiers, M. Augustin","doi":"10.1586/17469872.2013.856683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/17469872.2013.856683","url":null,"abstract":"Actinic keratosis is a complex clinical disease for which no clear method exists to predict whether a given lesion will regress, remain stable or progress to non-melanoma skin cancer. Treating all (including subclinical) lesions with field-directed therapy to lower the risk of malignant transformation has been an important evolution in actinic keratosis management. In selected patients, lesion-directed approaches continue to occupy an important role. Despite the associated issues, cryotherapy remains standard of care. Early evidence with a new topical lesion-directed treatment containing low-dose-5-fluorouracil 0.5%/salicylic acid 10% suggests relevant advantages over cryotherapy in terms of sustained lesion clearance. For a condition with such a high global prevalence, remarkably little is known about the economic burden of actinic keratosis and relative cost–effectiveness of the various treatment modalities. Several questions need to be addressed if the challenges of increasing numbers of cases in years...","PeriodicalId":12255,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Dermatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88060256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.1586/17469872.2013.836845
M. El-Domyati, Walid Medhat
Aging of the skin is a multifactorial phenomenon in which ongoing intrinsic changes combine the cumulative effects of chronic exposure to the elements, primarily UV radiation, in a synergistic fashion, causing the skin to lose its thickness and elasticity and develop wrinkles. There is now an increased interest in a wide range of non-ablative treatments for skin aging, which are used to rejuvenate skin with minimal downtime and complications. As the demand for minimally invasive rejuvenation is increasing, different modalities have been designed to produce favorable alterations in the dermis with no epidermal damage via photomodulation, selective photothermolysis, fractional photothermolysis, radio waves, electro-optical synergy, injectable fillers, neurotoxins, skin needling and biorejuvenation to stimulate collagen synthesis and rejuvenate the aged skin while preserving the integrity of the epidermis.
{"title":"Minimally invasive facial rejuvenation: current concepts and future expectations","authors":"M. El-Domyati, Walid Medhat","doi":"10.1586/17469872.2013.836845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/17469872.2013.836845","url":null,"abstract":"Aging of the skin is a multifactorial phenomenon in which ongoing intrinsic changes combine the cumulative effects of chronic exposure to the elements, primarily UV radiation, in a synergistic fashion, causing the skin to lose its thickness and elasticity and develop wrinkles. There is now an increased interest in a wide range of non-ablative treatments for skin aging, which are used to rejuvenate skin with minimal downtime and complications. As the demand for minimally invasive rejuvenation is increasing, different modalities have been designed to produce favorable alterations in the dermis with no epidermal damage via photomodulation, selective photothermolysis, fractional photothermolysis, radio waves, electro-optical synergy, injectable fillers, neurotoxins, skin needling and biorejuvenation to stimulate collagen synthesis and rejuvenate the aged skin while preserving the integrity of the epidermis.","PeriodicalId":12255,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Dermatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77586327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.1586/17469872.2013.836923
Alexandra M G Brunasso, W. Aberer, C. Massone
Dermatomyositis (DM) is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, which is potentially life threatening. To achieve disease remission, different therapeutic schedules may be required, with corticosteroid regimen being the first-line treatment. Recently the role of anti-TNF-α therapies as potential steroid sparing agents has been postulated. Herein, we performed a systematic review of the literature with special focus on anti-TNF-α therapies and DM. Different case reports, case series and one randomized controlled trial support the use of anti-TNF-α blocking agents, in particular etanercept and infliximab, as adjuvant therapy for DM and polymyositis (PM). The only available randomized controlled trial reported successful treatment with etanercept in 5/11 patients that weaned off prednisone in contrast to all five patients on the placebo group that failed the prednisone withdrawal schedule. There are approximately 42 other cases reported regarding the use of anti-TNF-α agents in patients affected by DM or PM. In...
{"title":"Dermatomyositis/polymyositis and anti-TNF-α therapies: a literature review","authors":"Alexandra M G Brunasso, W. Aberer, C. Massone","doi":"10.1586/17469872.2013.836923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/17469872.2013.836923","url":null,"abstract":"Dermatomyositis (DM) is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, which is potentially life threatening. To achieve disease remission, different therapeutic schedules may be required, with corticosteroid regimen being the first-line treatment. Recently the role of anti-TNF-α therapies as potential steroid sparing agents has been postulated. Herein, we performed a systematic review of the literature with special focus on anti-TNF-α therapies and DM. Different case reports, case series and one randomized controlled trial support the use of anti-TNF-α blocking agents, in particular etanercept and infliximab, as adjuvant therapy for DM and polymyositis (PM). The only available randomized controlled trial reported successful treatment with etanercept in 5/11 patients that weaned off prednisone in contrast to all five patients on the placebo group that failed the prednisone withdrawal schedule. There are approximately 42 other cases reported regarding the use of anti-TNF-α agents in patients affected by DM or PM. In...","PeriodicalId":12255,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Dermatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81751192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.1586/17469872.2013.835924
T. Matsushita, M. Fujimoto
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease marked by excessive extracellular matrix deposition in the skin and internal organs. Although the etiology of SSc remains unknown, three major abnormalities are considered to play important roles in the pathophysiology of SSc: autoimmunity, vasculopathy and fibrosis. Mouse models are critical tools for further understanding of the pathophysiology underlying this disease. The bleomycin-induced scleroderma model and TSK/+ mice are the primary SSc models; however, emerging models of SSc, such as Fra-2 Tg mice and the hypochlorous acid (HOCl)-induced scleroderma model, have provided novel insights into the pathophysiology of SSc. Importantly, a growing number of studies suggests a role for B cells, including regulatory B cells, in the pathogenesis of SSc. Thus, for the development of therapies, targeting of profibrogenic cytokines, such as transforming growth factor-β is still a very active area of investigation and B cell-targeted therapies also represent pot...
{"title":"Scleroderma: recent lessons from murine models and implications for future therapeutics","authors":"T. Matsushita, M. Fujimoto","doi":"10.1586/17469872.2013.835924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/17469872.2013.835924","url":null,"abstract":"Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease marked by excessive extracellular matrix deposition in the skin and internal organs. Although the etiology of SSc remains unknown, three major abnormalities are considered to play important roles in the pathophysiology of SSc: autoimmunity, vasculopathy and fibrosis. Mouse models are critical tools for further understanding of the pathophysiology underlying this disease. The bleomycin-induced scleroderma model and TSK/+ mice are the primary SSc models; however, emerging models of SSc, such as Fra-2 Tg mice and the hypochlorous acid (HOCl)-induced scleroderma model, have provided novel insights into the pathophysiology of SSc. Importantly, a growing number of studies suggests a role for B cells, including regulatory B cells, in the pathogenesis of SSc. Thus, for the development of therapies, targeting of profibrogenic cytokines, such as transforming growth factor-β is still a very active area of investigation and B cell-targeted therapies also represent pot...","PeriodicalId":12255,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Dermatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80142894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.1586/17469872.2013.835926
Toshiyuki Yamamoto
Leser–Trelat sign is a cutaneous manifestation that presents with rapid onset of multiple seborrheic keratoses on the trunk and extremities. In the majority of cases, seborrheic keratoses increase in number within short periods (usually within 6 months). Seborrheic keratoses are commonly seen in elderly people; however, Leser–Trelat sign is important because it may be a clue to the discovery of occult internal malignancies. Adenocarcinomas involving the stomach, intestine and breast are commonly associated with Leser–Trelat sign, however, hematological malignancies have also been detected. Several reports have shown that Leser–Trelat sign is associated with benign neoplasms. Although the etiology of Leser–Trelat sign is largely unknown, several speculations have been proposed. EGF and TGF-α are derived from the original tumor cells, while EGF-receptor (EGF-R) is expressed on the epidermis. This suggests that the development of seborrheic keratoses may be accelerated via EGF-R-mediated signaling pathways. ...
{"title":"Leser–Trélat sign: current observations","authors":"Toshiyuki Yamamoto","doi":"10.1586/17469872.2013.835926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/17469872.2013.835926","url":null,"abstract":"Leser–Trelat sign is a cutaneous manifestation that presents with rapid onset of multiple seborrheic keratoses on the trunk and extremities. In the majority of cases, seborrheic keratoses increase in number within short periods (usually within 6 months). Seborrheic keratoses are commonly seen in elderly people; however, Leser–Trelat sign is important because it may be a clue to the discovery of occult internal malignancies. Adenocarcinomas involving the stomach, intestine and breast are commonly associated with Leser–Trelat sign, however, hematological malignancies have also been detected. Several reports have shown that Leser–Trelat sign is associated with benign neoplasms. Although the etiology of Leser–Trelat sign is largely unknown, several speculations have been proposed. EGF and TGF-α are derived from the original tumor cells, while EGF-receptor (EGF-R) is expressed on the epidermis. This suggests that the development of seborrheic keratoses may be accelerated via EGF-R-mediated signaling pathways. ...","PeriodicalId":12255,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Dermatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74014885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.1586/17469872.2013.838041
Murtaza Khan, J. Scarisbrick
Mycosis fungoides and lymphomatoid papulosis are the most prevalent pediatric cutaneous lymphoma. Children present with early stage mycosis fungoides and progression to late stage is rare. Skin directed therapy is appropriate. Lymphomatoid papulosis is benign but the histological infiltrate is similar to aggressive systemic T-lymphoma. A history of spontaneously remitting tumors is essential for correct diagnosis and to prevent treatment as systemic lymphoma. Expectant therapy is appropriate in children. There is an association with development of systemic lymphoma in up to 10% with lymphomatoid papulosis and follow-up is required into adulthood. Cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (CBCL) are rare in children. Marginal zone lymphoma is most frequent. It presents with erythematous dermal nodules. Systemic spread is exceptional. All other types of primary cutaneous lymphoma are exceedingly rare in children. It is vital that children are discussed at supraregional multi-disciplinary team with an expertise in cutaneou...
{"title":"Pediatric cutaneous lymphomas: rare diseases requiring expert diagnosis and management","authors":"Murtaza Khan, J. Scarisbrick","doi":"10.1586/17469872.2013.838041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/17469872.2013.838041","url":null,"abstract":"Mycosis fungoides and lymphomatoid papulosis are the most prevalent pediatric cutaneous lymphoma. Children present with early stage mycosis fungoides and progression to late stage is rare. Skin directed therapy is appropriate. Lymphomatoid papulosis is benign but the histological infiltrate is similar to aggressive systemic T-lymphoma. A history of spontaneously remitting tumors is essential for correct diagnosis and to prevent treatment as systemic lymphoma. Expectant therapy is appropriate in children. There is an association with development of systemic lymphoma in up to 10% with lymphomatoid papulosis and follow-up is required into adulthood. Cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (CBCL) are rare in children. Marginal zone lymphoma is most frequent. It presents with erythematous dermal nodules. Systemic spread is exceptional. All other types of primary cutaneous lymphoma are exceedingly rare in children. It is vital that children are discussed at supraregional multi-disciplinary team with an expertise in cutaneou...","PeriodicalId":12255,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Dermatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87694486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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