Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.1586/17469872.2013.857484
M. Gold
Bipolar fractional radiofrequency has gained popularity in the treatment of wrinkles and rhytids, as well as in the treatment of acne and traumatic scars. In this review, the technology will be described, the clinical trials associated with the technology reviewed and how it works in everyday clinical practice. This important modality has transformed lives with its unique characteristics of minimal epidermal disruption and deep dermal heating. Through its mechanism of action, improvements in skin are seen and downtime is kept to a minimal. Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation is also seen with low frequency with this modality, and it is useful in all skin types, as radiofrequency is colorblind.
{"title":"Sublative rejuvenation: a literature review of fractional radiofrequency with the eMatrix device","authors":"M. Gold","doi":"10.1586/17469872.2013.857484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/17469872.2013.857484","url":null,"abstract":"Bipolar fractional radiofrequency has gained popularity in the treatment of wrinkles and rhytids, as well as in the treatment of acne and traumatic scars. In this review, the technology will be described, the clinical trials associated with the technology reviewed and how it works in everyday clinical practice. This important modality has transformed lives with its unique characteristics of minimal epidermal disruption and deep dermal heating. Through its mechanism of action, improvements in skin are seen and downtime is kept to a minimal. Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation is also seen with low frequency with this modality, and it is useful in all skin types, as radiofrequency is colorblind.","PeriodicalId":12255,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Dermatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74756896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.1586/17469872.2013.856686
Sunghwan Kim, Tae-Yoon Kim
The occurrence of chronic skin inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, has been increasing. However, currently available medicines are not sufficient to treat skin inflammatory diseases, so the development of effective medicines without the side effects has been demanded. Oxidative stress by accumulated reactive oxygen species induces and/or promotes inflammatory reactions. Therefore, many anti-oxidant molecules have been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. Extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) is an endogenous anti-oxidant enzyme that dismutates superoxide radicals into oxygen or hydrogen peroxide molecules in the extracellular space. A series of reports has suggested that exogenous recombinant SOD3 represses inflammatory responses not only by directly reducing reactive oxygen species but also by inhibiting cellular signaling pathways. Here, we demonstrate the potential of SOD3 as a novel biomedicine for treating inflammatory skin diseases and review preparations of ac...
{"title":"Extracellular superoxide dismutase for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases","authors":"Sunghwan Kim, Tae-Yoon Kim","doi":"10.1586/17469872.2013.856686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/17469872.2013.856686","url":null,"abstract":"The occurrence of chronic skin inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, has been increasing. However, currently available medicines are not sufficient to treat skin inflammatory diseases, so the development of effective medicines without the side effects has been demanded. Oxidative stress by accumulated reactive oxygen species induces and/or promotes inflammatory reactions. Therefore, many anti-oxidant molecules have been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. Extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) is an endogenous anti-oxidant enzyme that dismutates superoxide radicals into oxygen or hydrogen peroxide molecules in the extracellular space. A series of reports has suggested that exogenous recombinant SOD3 represses inflammatory responses not only by directly reducing reactive oxygen species but also by inhibiting cellular signaling pathways. Here, we demonstrate the potential of SOD3 as a novel biomedicine for treating inflammatory skin diseases and review preparations of ac...","PeriodicalId":12255,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Dermatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86313437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.1586/17469872.2013.856687
M. Mahalingam
{"title":"Dermatopathology, then and now – have we travelled?","authors":"M. Mahalingam","doi":"10.1586/17469872.2013.856687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/17469872.2013.856687","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12255,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Dermatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77605363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.1586/17469872.2013.844468
C. Wright, L. Davids, B. Summers, M. Norval
Due to its latitude, topography and cloudless skies, South Africa receives high solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR). This country has a multi-ethnic population classified into black, colored, Asian and white groups, who have varying degrees of response to sun exposure. In this review, information relating to the effects of solar UVR on skin cancer development, oculocutaneous albinism, melasma, the immune system and vitamin D production are discussed in the context of the peoples of South Africa. Methods of personal photoprotection are included. Effective sun safety messages for the public need to be developed, particularly aimed at the most susceptible groups, while recognizing the issues associated with variations in skin color in the South African population.
{"title":"Solar ultraviolet radiation in South Africa: clinical consequences for the skin","authors":"C. Wright, L. Davids, B. Summers, M. Norval","doi":"10.1586/17469872.2013.844468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/17469872.2013.844468","url":null,"abstract":"Due to its latitude, topography and cloudless skies, South Africa receives high solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR). This country has a multi-ethnic population classified into black, colored, Asian and white groups, who have varying degrees of response to sun exposure. In this review, information relating to the effects of solar UVR on skin cancer development, oculocutaneous albinism, melasma, the immune system and vitamin D production are discussed in the context of the peoples of South Africa. Methods of personal photoprotection are included. Effective sun safety messages for the public need to be developed, particularly aimed at the most susceptible groups, while recognizing the issues associated with variations in skin color in the South African population.","PeriodicalId":12255,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Dermatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77198793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.1586/17469872.2013.846514
B. Melnik
Acne vulgaris is a common skin disease in industrialized countries with Western diet characterized by high glycemic load and milk consumption. Accumulating evidence underlines the role of Western diet as a major cause of enhanced nutrient-mediated mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling that may over-stimulate sebocyte growth and sebaceous lipogenesis resulting in sebaceous gland hyperplasia, hyperseborrhoea, Propionibacterium acnes overgrowth with biofilm formation and inflammatory follicular reactions. Substantial evidence from translational research suggests that all anti-acne agents operate by a common mechanism: the attenuation of exaggerated mTORC1 signal transduction in the pilosebaceous follicle. Future acne therapy should combine dietary and pharmacological interventions attenuating mTORC1 signaling by a paleolithic-type diet supported with natural or synthetic mTOR inhibitors.
{"title":"The role of mTORC1 in acne pathogenesis and treatment","authors":"B. Melnik","doi":"10.1586/17469872.2013.846514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/17469872.2013.846514","url":null,"abstract":"Acne vulgaris is a common skin disease in industrialized countries with Western diet characterized by high glycemic load and milk consumption. Accumulating evidence underlines the role of Western diet as a major cause of enhanced nutrient-mediated mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling that may over-stimulate sebocyte growth and sebaceous lipogenesis resulting in sebaceous gland hyperplasia, hyperseborrhoea, Propionibacterium acnes overgrowth with biofilm formation and inflammatory follicular reactions. Substantial evidence from translational research suggests that all anti-acne agents operate by a common mechanism: the attenuation of exaggerated mTORC1 signal transduction in the pilosebaceous follicle. Future acne therapy should combine dietary and pharmacological interventions attenuating mTORC1 signaling by a paleolithic-type diet supported with natural or synthetic mTOR inhibitors.","PeriodicalId":12255,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Dermatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79856605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.1586/17469872.2013.856685
A. Kawada
Psoriasis is a major inflammatory disorder in the dermatological field. Phototherapy is effective and safe for psoriasis vulgaris. Narrow-band ultraviolet (UV) B and psoralen plus UVA are known to be the common modality as conventional non-targeted phototherapy. Non-targeted phototherapy making unnecessary irradiation to the unaffected skin may cause long-term adverse effects of UV. Targeted phototherapies with advantages, for example, higher dosages for lesional skin, a rapid clearing and longer remission rates, have been developed. Targeted phototherapies are preferably used for childhood, palmoplantar psoriasis, scalp and nail psoriasis as well as refractory lesions remained after whole-body UV therapy. Light sources of targeted phototherapy include broad-band UVB, narrow-band UVB, 308-nm excimer laser and light, 307-nm excimer light and 312-nm flat-type fluorescent lamp. This comprehensive review focuses recent evolution of target phototherapy for the treatment of psosriasis.
{"title":"Evolution of targeted phototherapy for psoriasis","authors":"A. Kawada","doi":"10.1586/17469872.2013.856685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/17469872.2013.856685","url":null,"abstract":"Psoriasis is a major inflammatory disorder in the dermatological field. Phototherapy is effective and safe for psoriasis vulgaris. Narrow-band ultraviolet (UV) B and psoralen plus UVA are known to be the common modality as conventional non-targeted phototherapy. Non-targeted phototherapy making unnecessary irradiation to the unaffected skin may cause long-term adverse effects of UV. Targeted phototherapies with advantages, for example, higher dosages for lesional skin, a rapid clearing and longer remission rates, have been developed. Targeted phototherapies are preferably used for childhood, palmoplantar psoriasis, scalp and nail psoriasis as well as refractory lesions remained after whole-body UV therapy. Light sources of targeted phototherapy include broad-band UVB, narrow-band UVB, 308-nm excimer laser and light, 307-nm excimer light and 312-nm flat-type fluorescent lamp. This comprehensive review focuses recent evolution of target phototherapy for the treatment of psosriasis.","PeriodicalId":12255,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Dermatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80078469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.1586/17469872.2013.846536
A. Widgerow
Author for correspondence: Department of Surgery (Plastic), Director Research & Laboratory for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine Aesthetic & Plastic Surgery Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA Tel.: +1 714 456 3482 Fax: +1 714 456 7118 awidgero@uci.edu “...the interaction of cellular components of the healing wound and the structural components of the extracellular matrix determine the scar outcome.”
{"title":"New advances in widespread/burn scar management","authors":"A. Widgerow","doi":"10.1586/17469872.2013.846536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/17469872.2013.846536","url":null,"abstract":"Author for correspondence: Department of Surgery (Plastic), Director Research & Laboratory for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine Aesthetic & Plastic Surgery Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA Tel.: +1 714 456 3482 Fax: +1 714 456 7118 awidgero@uci.edu “...the interaction of cellular components of the healing wound and the structural components of the extracellular matrix determine the scar outcome.”","PeriodicalId":12255,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Dermatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76833671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.1586/17469872.2013.857161
J. K. Ho, B. Hantash
Wound healing is an ever-changing field, as new insights are made into its mechanisms through basic science research, thus driving development of new therapies. In this paper, we present the current molecular models of wound healing and scar formation in the three phases: inflammation, proliferation and remodeling. New cellular signaling pathways such as mechanotransduction through the transforming growth factor-beta and integrin pathways have opened up various targets for wound therapy. Other therapies such as negative pressure devices and anti-microbial peptides are being improved as more data becomes available. Cutting edge treatments in gene therapy like Regranex are under heavy investigation, as are various treatments whose molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated such as electrostimulation and Substance P. A promising area in wound treatment research is the use of bone marrow derived stem cell therapy, where research in animal models has shown these stem cells are able to differentiate into kera...
{"title":"The principles of wound healing","authors":"J. K. Ho, B. Hantash","doi":"10.1586/17469872.2013.857161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/17469872.2013.857161","url":null,"abstract":"Wound healing is an ever-changing field, as new insights are made into its mechanisms through basic science research, thus driving development of new therapies. In this paper, we present the current molecular models of wound healing and scar formation in the three phases: inflammation, proliferation and remodeling. New cellular signaling pathways such as mechanotransduction through the transforming growth factor-beta and integrin pathways have opened up various targets for wound therapy. Other therapies such as negative pressure devices and anti-microbial peptides are being improved as more data becomes available. Cutting edge treatments in gene therapy like Regranex are under heavy investigation, as are various treatments whose molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated such as electrostimulation and Substance P. A promising area in wound treatment research is the use of bone marrow derived stem cell therapy, where research in animal models has shown these stem cells are able to differentiate into kera...","PeriodicalId":12255,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Dermatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89659361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.1586/17469872.2013.846515
Amir A Mufaddel, O. Osman, Fadwa Al-Mugaddam
Psychotropic medications can be associated with dermatologic side effects. The aim of this review is to explore the skin reactions of such psychotropic medications. In our method we conducted a PubMed literature search using the key words; psychotropics, antipsychotics, antidepressants, mood stabilizers, anticonvulsants, cutaneous reactions and skin reactions. The results of this review indicate that psychotropic medications can contribute to several adverse cutaneous manifestations with varied severity ranging from benign skin reactions to rare life-threatening ones such as toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Psychotropic medications can also aggravate pre-existing skin conditions or trigger the manifestation of dormant one such as lithium-induced psoriasis. Cross sensitivity reactions may exist between medications of the same class or between the medications of different class. Careful history taking and continued monitoring and observation of psychotropic medications is important f...
{"title":"Adverse cutaneous effects of psychotropic medications","authors":"Amir A Mufaddel, O. Osman, Fadwa Al-Mugaddam","doi":"10.1586/17469872.2013.846515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/17469872.2013.846515","url":null,"abstract":"Psychotropic medications can be associated with dermatologic side effects. The aim of this review is to explore the skin reactions of such psychotropic medications. In our method we conducted a PubMed literature search using the key words; psychotropics, antipsychotics, antidepressants, mood stabilizers, anticonvulsants, cutaneous reactions and skin reactions. The results of this review indicate that psychotropic medications can contribute to several adverse cutaneous manifestations with varied severity ranging from benign skin reactions to rare life-threatening ones such as toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Psychotropic medications can also aggravate pre-existing skin conditions or trigger the manifestation of dormant one such as lithium-induced psoriasis. Cross sensitivity reactions may exist between medications of the same class or between the medications of different class. Careful history taking and continued monitoring and observation of psychotropic medications is important f...","PeriodicalId":12255,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Dermatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77951573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.1586/17469872.2013.857090
A. Baroni, R. Wolf, T. Russo, M. Chessa, V. Piccolo
The term phacomatosis is used to indicate two or more different types of genetically determined cutaneous lesions are contemporarily present, such as phacomatosis pigmentovascularis or phacomatosis pigmentokeratotica. The first observation of a newborn presenting with segmental cafe au lait macules combined with an aberrant Mongolian spot, led some authors to hypothesize that this singular association was not a coincidence, but the result of twin-spotting phenomenon. In the analogy to other similarly named entities, they coined the term ‘phacomatosis pigmento-pigmentalis’.
{"title":"Phacomatosis pigmento-pigmentaria: the state of art","authors":"A. Baroni, R. Wolf, T. Russo, M. Chessa, V. Piccolo","doi":"10.1586/17469872.2013.857090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1586/17469872.2013.857090","url":null,"abstract":"The term phacomatosis is used to indicate two or more different types of genetically determined cutaneous lesions are contemporarily present, such as phacomatosis pigmentovascularis or phacomatosis pigmentokeratotica. The first observation of a newborn presenting with segmental cafe au lait macules combined with an aberrant Mongolian spot, led some authors to hypothesize that this singular association was not a coincidence, but the result of twin-spotting phenomenon. In the analogy to other similarly named entities, they coined the term ‘phacomatosis pigmento-pigmentalis’.","PeriodicalId":12255,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Dermatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77226448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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