Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1177/01632787221146564
Morteza Khazaei, Mark D Holder, Fuschia M Sirois, Matthew W Gallagher
Higher emotional capital is associated with enhanced positive emotions, social relationships, social capital and human capital. The present study developed and evaluated a personal emotional capital questionnaire for adolescents (PECQ-A) that assessed 10 components of this capital. The PECQ-A was administrated to two samples of Iranian 15-year-olds from two Iranian cities (N1 = 600, N2 = 300, total N = 900) recruited using multistage random cluster sampling. A confirmatory factor analysis of the first sample confirmed the ten-factor structure of the PECQ-A. The reliability of PECQ-A was acceptable (Cronbach's α = .90, McDonald's ω = .88, AVE = .57, Composite reliability CR = .89). Analyses of the second sample revealed that the PECQ-A and its components exhibited convergent validity when compared to the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF), the students' GPAs, and the students' mathematics and natural sciences scores. The PECQ-A demonstrated divergent validity when contrasted with the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS21). Test-retest reliability was acceptable. Invariance measurement was confirmed for the PECQ-A. A MANOVA identified several gender differences. PECQ-A scores were not sensitive to the order that the questionnaires were administered. The results suggest that the PECQ-A is a valid and reliable measure of personal emotional capital suitable for use with adolescents.
{"title":"Development and Assessment of the Personal Emotional Capital Questionnaire for Adolescents.","authors":"Morteza Khazaei, Mark D Holder, Fuschia M Sirois, Matthew W Gallagher","doi":"10.1177/01632787221146564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01632787221146564","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Higher emotional capital is associated with enhanced positive emotions, social relationships, social capital and human capital. The present study developed and evaluated a personal emotional capital questionnaire for adolescents (PECQ-A) that assessed 10 components of this capital. The PECQ-A was administrated to two samples of Iranian 15-year-olds from two Iranian cities (<i>N</i>1 = 600, <i>N</i>2 = 300, total <i>N</i> = 900) recruited using multistage random cluster sampling. A confirmatory factor analysis of the first sample confirmed the ten-factor structure of the PECQ-A. The reliability of PECQ-A was acceptable (Cronbach's α = .90, McDonald's ω = .88, AVE = .57, Composite reliability CR <i>=</i> .89). Analyses of the second sample revealed that the PECQ-A and its components exhibited convergent validity when compared to the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF), the students' GPAs, and the students' mathematics and natural sciences scores. The PECQ-A demonstrated divergent validity when contrasted with the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS21). Test-retest reliability was acceptable. Invariance measurement was confirmed for the PECQ-A. A MANOVA identified several gender differences. PECQ-A scores were not sensitive to the order that the questionnaires were administered. The results suggest that the PECQ-A is a valid and reliable measure of personal emotional capital suitable for use with adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":12315,"journal":{"name":"Evaluation & the Health Professions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10732354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1177/01632787221141504
Musa Güneş, Büşra Demirer
This study aims to compare caffeine intake and physical activity levels in university students with severe and ineffective fatigue and examine the relationship between them. A total of 647 (F:527; M:120) university students were included in this cross-sectional study. Individuals' socio-demographic information, severity of fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS)), amount of caffeine intake and physical activity level (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF)) were evaluated. It was determined that 56.5% of the university students (age: 21.21 ± 2.57) participating in the study had severe fatigue. Caffeine intake and physical activity level of students with severe fatigue were statistically significantly lower than those with ineffective fatigue (p < 0.05). In addition, there was a weak negative correlation between fatigue and caffeine intake (r = -0.157; p < 0.001) and physical activity level (r = -0.096; p < 0.017). There was a significant positive correlation between caffeine intake and physical activity (r = 0.143; p < 0.001). This study showed that a significant portion of university students have severe fatigue. In addition, individuals with severe fatigue have decreased caffeine intake and lower physical activity levels. To reduce fatigue, caffeine intake in safe doses should be encouraged in accordance with the individual's metabolic and physiological parameters. In addition, physical activity counseling should be given to encourage physical activity.
{"title":"A Comparison of Caffeine Intake and Physical Activity According to Fatigue Severity in University Students.","authors":"Musa Güneş, Büşra Demirer","doi":"10.1177/01632787221141504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01632787221141504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to compare caffeine intake and physical activity levels in university students with severe and ineffective fatigue and examine the relationship between them. A total of 647 (F:527; M:120) university students were included in this cross-sectional study. Individuals' socio-demographic information, severity of fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS)), amount of caffeine intake and physical activity level (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF)) were evaluated. It was determined that 56.5% of the university students (age: 21.21 ± 2.57) participating in the study had severe fatigue. Caffeine intake and physical activity level of students with severe fatigue were statistically significantly lower than those with ineffective fatigue (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In addition, there was a weak negative correlation between fatigue and caffeine intake (r = -0.157; <i>p</i> < 0.001) and physical activity level (r = -0.096; <i>p</i> < 0.017). There was a significant positive correlation between caffeine intake and physical activity (r = 0.143; <i>p</i> < 0.001). This study showed that a significant portion of university students have severe fatigue. In addition, individuals with severe fatigue have decreased caffeine intake and lower physical activity levels. To reduce fatigue, caffeine intake in safe doses should be encouraged in accordance with the individual's metabolic and physiological parameters. In addition, physical activity counseling should be given to encourage physical activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12315,"journal":{"name":"Evaluation & the Health Professions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10740944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1177/01632787221130543
Steve Sussman, Artur Galimov, Nayeli Ayala, Deborah Louise Sinclair
Behavioral addictions are highly comorbid with substance use disorders, presenting in as many as 54% of service users receiving substance use treatment. Few studies have examined whether treatment centers are attentive to such other addictions, which may undermine treatment. This study examined the mention and treatment of behavioral addictions on United States treatment center websites. The 2021 Newsweek America's Best Addiction Treatment Centers website was utilized to examine the mention and treatment of behavioral addictions in 300 leading treatment centers across 25 states in the United States. Of 289 active websites, only 61 (21.1%) treatment centers mentioned anything about behavioral addictions. The highest prevalence was for gambling (n = 38), sex (n = 22), food/eating (n = 21), and internet gaming (n = 12). A total of 49 treatment centers reported treating those addictions. The most prevalent treatments involved 12-step programming (n = 18), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT; n = 16), individual counseling (n = 16), and group therapy (n = 15). Little formalized importance via websites was provided regarding the mention or treatment of behavioral addictions at treatment centers. A greater emphasis on concurrent and substitute behavioral addictions is needed to improve the quality of life and lower the possibility of relapse among those persons in addictions treatment.
{"title":"Web-based Evidence on the Treatment of Behavioral Addictions in United States Model Treatment Centers.","authors":"Steve Sussman, Artur Galimov, Nayeli Ayala, Deborah Louise Sinclair","doi":"10.1177/01632787221130543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01632787221130543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Behavioral addictions are highly comorbid with substance use disorders, presenting in as many as 54% of service users receiving substance use treatment. Few studies have examined whether treatment centers are attentive to such other addictions, which may undermine treatment. This study examined the mention and treatment of behavioral addictions on United States treatment center websites. The 2021 Newsweek America's Best Addiction Treatment Centers website was utilized to examine the mention and treatment of behavioral addictions in 300 leading treatment centers across 25 states in the United States. Of 289 active websites, only 61 (21.1%) treatment centers mentioned anything about behavioral addictions. The highest prevalence was for gambling (<i>n</i> = 38), sex (<i>n</i> = 22), food/eating (<i>n</i> = 21), and internet gaming (<i>n</i> = 12). A total of 49 treatment centers reported treating those addictions. The most prevalent treatments involved 12-step programming (<i>n</i> = 18), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT; <i>n</i> = 16), individual counseling (<i>n</i> = 16), and group therapy (<i>n</i> = 15). Little formalized importance via websites was provided regarding the mention or treatment of behavioral addictions at treatment centers. A greater emphasis on concurrent and substitute behavioral addictions is needed to improve the quality of life and lower the possibility of relapse among those persons in addictions treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12315,"journal":{"name":"Evaluation & the Health Professions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10731275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1177/01632787221127382
Elise van Beeck, Laura Van den Branden, Wichor M Bramer, Yvonne Kuipers
This review aims to identify self-report instruments examining aspects of transition to parenthood for use in practice and research. After performing a literature search in Embase, Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane, PsycINFO and Google Scholar, the Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) measuring (aspects of) transition to parenthood during pregnancy or up to 1-year postpartum were identified. Following COSMIN guidelines for systematic reviews on PROMs, the quality of the PROM development and PROM content validity was evaluated. From the 129 included studies, 39 PROMs assessed aspects of transition to parenthood. A total of 32 PROMs were included in the evaluation. The development quality of 30/32 PROMS was mostly rated as inadequate and the quality of 15 content validity studies was mostly rated as doubtful. All PROMs received inadequate or doubtful ratings on content validity. Most of the PROMs measuring aspects of the transition to parenthood didn't include parents' points of view when developing them. Many PROMs are being used for a long time without reassessing relevance, comprehensiveness, and comprehensibility among parents and/or practitioners. It is recommended that researchers and healthcare professionals assess content validity of the PROM before use with the target population.
本综述的目的是确定自我报告工具检查方面的过渡到父母在实践和研究中使用。在Embase, Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane, PsycINFO和Google Scholar中进行文献检索后,确定了患者报告的结果测量(PROMs),测量怀孕期间或产后1年向父母过渡的(方面)。遵循COSMIN对PROM进行系统评价的指导方针,对PROM开发的质量和PROM内容的效度进行了评估。在纳入的129项研究中,39项PROMs评估了向父母过渡的各个方面。共有32个prom被纳入评估。30/32个PROMS的开发质量大多被评为不足,15个内容效度研究的质量大多被评为可疑。所有prom在内容效度上都得到了不充分或可疑的评级。大多数衡量向为人父母过渡方面的prom在开发时没有包括父母的观点。许多prom被使用了很长时间,却没有在家长和/或从业者中重新评估相关性、全面性和可理解性。建议研究人员和医疗保健专业人员在使用目标人群之前评估PROM的内容有效性。
{"title":"Systematic Review of the Content Validity of Patient Reported Outcome Measures of Transition to Parenthood.","authors":"Elise van Beeck, Laura Van den Branden, Wichor M Bramer, Yvonne Kuipers","doi":"10.1177/01632787221127382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01632787221127382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review aims to identify self-report instruments examining aspects of transition to parenthood for use in practice and research. After performing a literature search in Embase, Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane, PsycINFO and Google Scholar, the Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) measuring (aspects of) transition to parenthood during pregnancy or up to 1-year postpartum were identified. Following COSMIN guidelines for systematic reviews on PROMs, the quality of the PROM development and PROM content validity was evaluated. From the 129 included studies, 39 PROMs assessed aspects of transition to parenthood. A total of 32 PROMs were included in the evaluation. The development quality of 30/32 PROMS was mostly rated as inadequate and the quality of 15 content validity studies was mostly rated as doubtful. All PROMs received inadequate or doubtful ratings on content validity. Most of the PROMs measuring aspects of the transition to parenthood didn't include parents' points of view when developing them. Many PROMs are being used for a long time without reassessing relevance, comprehensiveness, and comprehensibility among parents and/or practitioners. It is recommended that researchers and healthcare professionals assess content validity of the PROM before use with the target population.</p>","PeriodicalId":12315,"journal":{"name":"Evaluation & the Health Professions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10346255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1177/01632787221150827
{"title":"Acknowledgement of Reviewers for 2022.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/01632787221150827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01632787221150827","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12315,"journal":{"name":"Evaluation & the Health Professions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10684551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1177/01632787221099941
Enrique L P Mergelsberg, Dennis de Ruijter, Mathilde R Crone, Eline S Smit, Ciska Hoving
The objective was to assess active ingredients, change mechanisms, and fidelity in interventions aiming to increase the quality of smoking cessation care in the Dutch primary healthcare setting. We conducted a systematic review searching five scientific databases on August 2nd, 2019, updated on October 28th, 2021. We included effect data of behavioural interventions aiming at improving the provision of smoking cessation support by Dutch primary care providers to their patients. We excluded studies published before 2000 and those without a behavioural support intervention for primary care providers targeting smoking cessation in their patients. We found 1939 articles and included 15 distinct interventions in the review. We provided an overview of study characteristics, intervention effects, fidelity, active ingredients and change mechanisms using the Behaviour Change Techniques (BCT) Taxonomy and Mechanisms of Action (MoAs) protocols. Interventions seemed more effective when including a face-to-face component, using active learning strategies and providing a tool to help follow the guidelines in practice (e.g., physical cards with information). BCTs, MoAs, and fidelity were overall poorly reported on. To support the application of smoking cessation practices in Dutch primary care, we recommend implementation of face-to-face training programs incorporating active skill training elements combined with practical tools.
{"title":"Active Ingredients of Interventions Improving Smoking Cessation Support by Dutch Primary Care Providers: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Enrique L P Mergelsberg, Dennis de Ruijter, Mathilde R Crone, Eline S Smit, Ciska Hoving","doi":"10.1177/01632787221099941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01632787221099941","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective was to assess active ingredients, change mechanisms, and fidelity in interventions aiming to increase the quality of smoking cessation care in the Dutch primary healthcare setting. We conducted a systematic review searching five scientific databases on August 2nd, 2019, updated on October 28th, 2021. We included effect data of behavioural interventions aiming at improving the provision of smoking cessation support by Dutch primary care providers to their patients. We excluded studies published before 2000 and those without a behavioural support intervention for primary care providers targeting smoking cessation in their patients. We found 1939 articles and included 15 distinct interventions in the review. We provided an overview of study characteristics, intervention effects, fidelity, active ingredients and change mechanisms using the Behaviour Change Techniques (BCT) Taxonomy and Mechanisms of Action (MoAs) protocols. Interventions seemed more effective when including a face-to-face component, using active learning strategies and providing a tool to help follow the guidelines in practice (e.g., physical cards with information). BCTs, MoAs, and fidelity were overall poorly reported on. To support the application of smoking cessation practices in Dutch primary care, we recommend implementation of face-to-face training programs incorporating active skill training elements combined with practical tools.</p>","PeriodicalId":12315,"journal":{"name":"Evaluation & the Health Professions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10722208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1177/01632787221142623
Ismat Mohd Sulaiman, Awang Bulgiba, Sameem Abdul Kareem
Medical abbreviations can be misinterpreted and endanger patients' lives. This research is the first to investigate the prevalence of abbreviations in Malaysian electronic discharge summaries, where English is widely used, and elicit the risk factors associated with dangerous abbreviations. We randomly sampled and manually annotated 1102 electronic discharge summaries for abbreviations and their senses. Three medical doctors assigned a danger level to ambiguous abbreviations based on their potential to cause patient harm if misinterpreted. The predictors for dangerous abbreviations were determined using binary logistic regression. Abbreviations accounted for 19% (33,824) of total words; 22.6% (7640) of those abbreviations were ambiguous; and 52.3% (115) of the ambiguous abbreviations were labelled dangerous. Increased risk of danger occurs when abbreviations have more than two senses (OR = 2.991; 95% CI 1.586, 5.641), they are medication-related (OR = 6.240; 95% CI 2.674, 14.558), they are disorders (OR = 7.771; 95% CI 2.054, 29.409) and procedures (OR = 3.492; 95% CI 1.376, 8.860). Reduced risk of danger occurs when abbreviations are confined to a single discipline (OR = 0.519; 95% CI 0.278, 0.967). Managing abbreviations through awareness and implementing automated abbreviation detection and expansion would improve the quality of clinical documentation, patient safety, and the information extracted for secondary purposes.
医学缩略语可能会被误解,危及患者的生命。本研究首次调查了英语广泛使用的马来西亚电子放电摘要中缩略语的流行情况,并引出了与危险缩略语相关的风险因素。我们随机抽取并人工标注了1102份电子放电摘要的缩略语及其含义。三名医生根据歧义缩写如果被误解可能对患者造成伤害的程度,给它们指定了危险等级。使用二元逻辑回归确定危险缩略语的预测因子。缩略语占总字数的19%(33824个);歧义缩略语占22.6% (7640);52.3%(115个)的歧义缩略语被标记为危险。当缩略语有两个以上的意思时,危险的风险就会增加(OR = 2.991;95% CI 1.586, 5.641),与用药相关(OR = 6.240;95% CI 2.674, 14.558),它们是疾病(OR = 7.771;95% CI 2.054, 29.409)和程序(OR = 3.492;95% ci 1.376, 8.860)。当缩略语局限于单一学科时,危险风险降低(OR = 0.519;95% ci 0.278, 0.967)。通过意识管理缩写并实现自动缩写检测和扩展将提高临床文档的质量、患者安全以及为次要目的提取的信息。
{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors for Dangerous Abbreviations in Malaysian Electronic Clinical Notes.","authors":"Ismat Mohd Sulaiman, Awang Bulgiba, Sameem Abdul Kareem","doi":"10.1177/01632787221142623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01632787221142623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Medical abbreviations can be misinterpreted and endanger patients' lives. This research is the first to investigate the prevalence of abbreviations in Malaysian electronic discharge summaries, where English is widely used, and elicit the risk factors associated with dangerous abbreviations. We randomly sampled and manually annotated 1102 electronic discharge summaries for abbreviations and their senses. Three medical doctors assigned a danger level to ambiguous abbreviations based on their potential to cause patient harm if misinterpreted. The predictors for dangerous abbreviations were determined using binary logistic regression. Abbreviations accounted for 19% (33,824) of total words; 22.6% (7640) of those abbreviations were ambiguous; and 52.3% (115) of the ambiguous abbreviations were labelled dangerous. Increased risk of danger occurs when abbreviations have more than two senses (OR = 2.991; 95% CI 1.586, 5.641), they are medication-related (OR = 6.240; 95% CI 2.674, 14.558), they are disorders (OR = 7.771; 95% CI 2.054, 29.409) and procedures (OR = 3.492; 95% CI 1.376, 8.860). Reduced risk of danger occurs when abbreviations are confined to a single discipline (OR = 0.519; 95% CI 0.278, 0.967). Managing abbreviations through awareness and implementing automated abbreviation detection and expansion would improve the quality of clinical documentation, patient safety, and the information extracted for secondary purposes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12315,"journal":{"name":"Evaluation & the Health Professions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10723856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1177/01632787221143151
Brendan J Barnhart, Siddharta G Reddy, Jonathan L Vandergrift
Physicians are a notoriously difficult group to survey due to a low propensity to respond. We investigate the relative effectiveness of reminder phone calls, pre-notification postcards, mailed paper surveys, and $1 upfront incentives for boosting survey response rate by embedding a randomized experiment into a mixed-mode operational survey at the American Board of Internal Medicine in 2019. Expected response rates and average marginal effects for each follow-up method were computed from a logistic regression model. The control group which only received email reminders achieved a response rate of 18.2%, 95% CI: (15.0%, 21.9%). The intervention group which included reminder emails, pre-notification postcards, and mailed paper surveys with $1 incentives achieved a response rate of 43.1%, 95% CI: (38.8%, 47.5%). Mailed paper surveys yielded the largest percentage point increase in response rate of 11.2%, 95% CI: (7.3%, 15.2%), while $1 upfront monetary incentives and phone call reminders increased survey response rate by 5.9%, 95% CI: (1.6%, 10.2%) and 5.5%, 95% CI: (2.6%, 8.3%) respectively. Pre-notification postcards are associated with a 2.0%, 95% CI: (-1.7%, 5.6%) increase in survey response rate. Cost-effectiveness for each method is discussed. This research supports optimal decision making for researchers when planning a physician survey study.
{"title":"Which Outreach Modes Improve Response Rates to Physician Surveys? Lessons from an Experiment at the American Board of Internal Medicine.","authors":"Brendan J Barnhart, Siddharta G Reddy, Jonathan L Vandergrift","doi":"10.1177/01632787221143151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01632787221143151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Physicians are a notoriously difficult group to survey due to a low propensity to respond. We investigate the relative effectiveness of reminder phone calls, pre-notification postcards, mailed paper surveys, and $1 upfront incentives for boosting survey response rate by embedding a randomized experiment into a mixed-mode operational survey at the American Board of Internal Medicine in 2019. Expected response rates and average marginal effects for each follow-up method were computed from a logistic regression model. The control group which only received email reminders achieved a response rate of 18.2%, 95% CI: (15.0%, 21.9%). The intervention group which included reminder emails, pre-notification postcards, and mailed paper surveys with $1 incentives achieved a response rate of 43.1%, 95% CI: (38.8%, 47.5%). Mailed paper surveys yielded the largest percentage point increase in response rate of 11.2%, 95% CI: (7.3%, 15.2%), while $1 upfront monetary incentives and phone call reminders increased survey response rate by 5.9%, 95% CI: (1.6%, 10.2%) and 5.5%, 95% CI: (2.6%, 8.3%) respectively. Pre-notification postcards are associated with a 2.0%, 95% CI: (-1.7%, 5.6%) increase in survey response rate. Cost-effectiveness for each method is discussed. This research supports optimal decision making for researchers when planning a physician survey study.</p>","PeriodicalId":12315,"journal":{"name":"Evaluation & the Health Professions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10735962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1177/01632787221126500
Georges Hatem, Lina Ismaiil, Sanaa Awada, Diana Ghanem, Roula Bou Assi, Mathijs Goossens
The implementation of continuing education programs for pharmacists in Lebanon is emerging and needs to be further developed and strengthened to fill the gaps between knowledge acquisition and its application in the workplace. This study examined the perceptions of pharmacist preferences for and barriers to access programs. A crosssectional descriptive study was undertaken with a convenience sample of 142 pharmacists who were surveyed in their workplace. Almost 83.1% of pharmacists reported their day-to-day workplace experiences were the best way to learn. The high cost (50%) and time away from work (37.8%) were the main barriers to continuing education. Pharmacists reported a mean satisfaction of 5.8 (sd = 2.2)/10 with programs suggesting a need for routine needs assessments and adaptation of programs to better meet their learning needs.
{"title":"Evaluation of Pharmacists' Preferences and Barriers to Access Continuing Education: A Cross-Sectional Study in Lebanon.","authors":"Georges Hatem, Lina Ismaiil, Sanaa Awada, Diana Ghanem, Roula Bou Assi, Mathijs Goossens","doi":"10.1177/01632787221126500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01632787221126500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The implementation of continuing education programs for pharmacists in Lebanon is emerging and needs to be further developed and strengthened to fill the gaps between knowledge acquisition and its application in the workplace. This study examined the perceptions of pharmacist preferences for and barriers to access programs. A crosssectional descriptive study was undertaken with a convenience sample of 142 pharmacists who were surveyed in their workplace. Almost 83.1% of pharmacists reported their day-to-day workplace experiences were the best way to learn. The high cost (50%) and time away from work (37.8%) were the main barriers to continuing education. Pharmacists reported a mean satisfaction of 5.8 (sd = 2.2)/10 with programs suggesting a need for routine needs assessments and adaptation of programs to better meet their learning needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12315,"journal":{"name":"Evaluation & the Health Professions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9630953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10788911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1177/01632787221119534
Shaofeng Zhang, Joseph W McKean, Bradley E Huitema
Time-series intervention designs that include two or more phases have been widely discussed in the healthcare literature for many years. A convenient model for the analysis of these designs has a linear model part (to measure changes in level and trend) plus a second part that measures the random error structure; the error structure is assumed to follow an autoregressive time-series process. Traditional generalized linear model approaches widely used to estimate this model are less than satisfactory because they tend to provide substantially biased intervention tests and confidence intervals. We describe an updated version of the original double bootstrap approach that was developed by McKnight et al. (2000) to correct for this problem. This updated analysis and a new robust version were recently implemented in an R package (McKean & Zhang, 2018). The robust method is insensitive to outliers and problems associated with common departures from normality in the error distribution. Monte Carlo studies as well as published data are used to demonstrate the properties of both versions. The R code required to perform the analyses is provided and illustrated.
{"title":"Least Squares and Robust Rank-Based Double Bootstrap Analyses for Time-Series Intervention Designs.","authors":"Shaofeng Zhang, Joseph W McKean, Bradley E Huitema","doi":"10.1177/01632787221119534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01632787221119534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Time-series intervention designs that include two or more phases have been widely discussed in the healthcare literature for many years. A convenient model for the analysis of these designs has a linear model part (to measure changes in level and trend) plus a second part that measures the random error structure; the error structure is assumed to follow an autoregressive time-series process. Traditional generalized linear model approaches widely used to estimate this model are less than satisfactory because they tend to provide substantially biased intervention tests and confidence intervals. We describe an updated version of the original double bootstrap approach that was developed by McKnight et al. (2000) to correct for this problem. This updated analysis and a new robust version were recently implemented in an <i>R</i> package (McKean & Zhang, 2018). The robust method is insensitive to outliers and problems associated with common departures from normality in the error distribution. Monte Carlo studies as well as published data are used to demonstrate the properties of both versions. The <i>R</i> code required to perform the analyses is provided and illustrated.</p>","PeriodicalId":12315,"journal":{"name":"Evaluation & the Health Professions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10440493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}