Fiziologicheskiĭ zhurnal最新文献

Separately cultured parenchymatous and nonparenchymatous liver cells of mice produce factors to influence migration properties and oxygen-dependent metabolism of neutrophils. Cell-free supernatant of intact parenchymatous cells activates neutrophil chemotaxis only, while supernatant of intact nonparenchymatous cells stimulates oxygen-dependent reactions as well. Injure of the liver cells with 5 mM tetrachlormethane significantly increases neutrophil functional activation. Treatment of the liver cells with anti-liver antibodies (0.5 mg/ml) results in suppression of neutrophil activation. At the same time, supernatant of the liver cells treated with normal rabbit antibodies (0.5 mg/ml) possessed neutrophil stimulating properties, nonparenchymatous cell factors stimulating mainly the neutrophil oxygen-dependent metabolism.

Experiments were performed on male Wistar rats with the aim to study effects exerted by microinjections of somatostatin and neurotensin into lateral ventricle, amygdala, hippocampus and substantia nigra pars reticulata in case of epileptic activity. It was established that the mentioned neuropeptides exerted antiepileptic effect during seizures induced by corazol and picrotoxin, which was expressed by substantial elongation of the seizure latency and a decreasing of seizure intensity. It was shown that antiseizure activity of somatostatin and neurotensin was higher under conditions of picrotoxin-induced epileptic activity, than under conditions of that induced by corazol. A conclusion is made that somatostatin and neurotensin take part in epileptic activity regulation.

The content of basal immunoreactive atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) in the venous blood plasma was studied in patients with various types of endocrine hypertension (Conn's syndrome, pheochromocytoma, neuroendocrine form of hypothalamic syndrome, diabetes mellitus) and diffuse toxic goiter. Increase of the ANH level was revealed in patients with primary aldosteronism, diabetes mellitus and hypertension, as well as with decompensated thyrotoxicosis and pronounced cardiac changes. In patients with neuroendocrine pattern of the hypothalamic syndrome the ANH level remained unchanged, in those with pheochromocytoma it decreased.

Acute emotional stress in people is followed by changes in oral fluid composition (sialic acid, components of proteolytic system, lipid of peroxidation products). The possibility to use these indices for estimation of the psychoemotional stress in people is based.

The organ culture from the testes of newborn pigs able to produce the basic androgens such as testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione and androstenediol has been obtained. CdCl2 administration to the rats in a dose of 0.055 mg/100 g of body weight and gonadectomy resulted in the development of two experimental models of hypogonadism. Autotransplantation of organ culture from the rat testes and xenotransplantation of the testes from newborn pigs to the rats with experimental hypogonadism provoked an increase in blood plasma testosterone for 1.5 and 3 months, respectively. Organ cultures from the testes of newborn pigs can be recommended for clinical purposes.

The mechanism of interaction between regulatory peptides (RP) and plasma membranes of target cells were discussed from the positions of the informative theory. Quantity of information in molecules of RP in the solution and the coefficient of excess in the binding of the RP with the cell plasma membrane were calculated. Participation of different membrane components in the informative signal transduction was characterized. Proceeding from the results of own experiments and data from literature the role of the membrane lipid matrix in interaction between RP and a cell was analyzed. A scheme of regulation of the RP information effect on the cell is suggested.

The influence of Na alpha-ketoglutarate intraperioneally injected in dose of 20 mg per 100 g of body weight on substrate oxidation in the rat liver and heart mitochondria, cholinesterase activity in the blood, liver and pancreas and acetylcholine level in the rat liver and pancreas has been studied. Alpha-ketoglutarate is found to have a pronounced reciprocal effect on intramitochondrial alpha-ketoglutarate and succinate oxidation (acceleration and inhibition, respectively). The effect of Na alpha-ketoglutarate is specific for the two substrates as it is absent when another substrate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle is oxidized. This selective influence on substrate oxidation is realized by means of activation of aminotransferase reaction, which lead to alpha-ketoglutarate production by transamination. This effect is almost the same as in case of acetylcholine injection and exceeds it for the value of some energy parameters. It is supposed that influence of Na alpha-ketoglutarate on energy metabolism is realized by means of cholinesterase inhibition and of acetylcholine level increase. The stimulation effect on oxidative phosphorylation is mostly expressed in case of joint injection of Na alpha-ketoglutarate and acetylcholine. It is supposed that Na alpha-ketoglutarate is a synergist to acetylcholine.

Contractile function and metabolism of byoptates of human myocardium were investigated in the control group and at early stages of heart failure development. Support of the myocardial contractile function at the early stage of the heart failure is provided by intensive use of macroergic phosphates and their insufficient resynthesis. At the late stages of myocardial failure deterioration of the heart muscle relaxation was observed as a result of disturbances in transport of high-ergic phosphates to the sites of their utilization.

It is shown that the stay of deep-sea divers under high-altitude conditions causes a significant improvement in functional state of their breathing system. The speed and degree of lung ventilatory function restitution under conditions of mountain climate are higher than in other climatic zones. The positive effects of staying in the mountains are stable and are preserved for several months. At the same time the restitution efficiency in the mountains is notably lower when it starts earlier than two weeks after the end of decompression. The early start of mountain rehabilitation before reaching the phase of relative functional stabilization of the organism in the process of readaptation is counterindicated for divers with marked deterioration of middle- and small-calibre bronchi conductivity.

Industrial conditions, gynaecological disorders, ovarian deficiency being unfavourable factors for pigs reproduction, as well as the necessity in rapid sex maturation require thorough knowledge on physiology of reproduction processes. The importance belongs to the hormonal treatment in development of special biotechnological methods. Efficiency of the latter is determined by the kind of hormone used, its dose, injection time in sex cycle and the knowledge of species specificity of physiological regulation of reproductive processes in pigs of great value. The achievements in this country and abroad, devoted to the technology of oestrogens, gestagens, androgens and their combinations as well as gonadotropins (PMS, CG), gonadotropin-releasing hormone applications have been reviewed. The most often used schemes of hormonal treatment and drugs, as well as the results obtained have been described. The data presented can be used for needs of practical cattle-breeding.