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Synovial fluid alpha-defensins in Lyme arthritis-a useful marker. 莱姆关节炎的滑膜液α-防御素--一种有用的标记物。
IF 2.4 4区 生物学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-024-01173-0
Pavel Melicherčík, Matěj Mazura, Martin Hodík, Kamila Dundrová, Ivan Landor, David Jahoda, Rudolf Horváth, Vladislav Barták, René Kizek, Eva Klapková

Lyme arthritis, one of the possible late manifestations of Lyme borreliosis, predominantly affects the supporting joints and in adults most often occurs in the form of monoarthritis of the knee. Early diagnosis is based on clinical findings and serology. PCR detection of Borrelia in synovial fluid has become an integral part of the laboratory testing algorithm. The clinical presentation and inflammatory markers in Lyme arthritis can resemble septic arthritis. Determining the levels of alpha-defensins (human neutrophil peptide (HNP 1-3)) in synovial fluid by liquid chromatography is a highly sensitive method revealing the presence of inflammatory process. Between 2020 and 2022, we examined eleven patients with Lyme arthritis of the knee. We measured levels of HNP 1-3 from synovial fluid by HPLC in patients, and we compared it with the corresponding C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in paired serum samples. In patients diagnosed with Lyme arthritis, HNP 1-3 levels in synovial fluid ranged from 2.5 to 261 mg/L, with a median of 46.5 mg/L. Average serum CRP was 43 mg/L. The results show that elevated HNP 1-3 can be consistent with not only septic arthritis or systemic disease, but also with Lyme arthritis, especially in patients with negative culture and 16S PCR from synovial fluid. Final diagnosis must be verified by examination for anti-Borrelia antibodies from serum and synovial fluid. The aim of this work is to introduce an HPLC method for the determination of alpha-defensins as one of the possible diagnostic markers.

莱姆关节炎是莱姆-博雷利病可能的晚期表现之一,主要影响支撑关节,在成人中最常以膝关节单关节炎的形式出现。早期诊断主要依据临床表现和血清学检查。滑液中 Borrelia 的 PCR 检测已成为实验室检测算法中不可或缺的一部分。莱姆关节炎的临床表现和炎症指标与化脓性关节炎相似。通过液相色谱法检测滑液中的α-防御素(人中性粒细胞肽(HNP 1-3))水平是一种高度灵敏的方法,可揭示炎症过程的存在。2020 年至 2022 年期间,我们对 11 名膝关节莱姆关节炎患者进行了检查。我们通过高效液相色谱法测量了患者滑液中 HNP 1-3 的水平,并将其与配对血清样本中相应的 C 反应蛋白 (CRP) 水平进行了比较。在确诊为莱姆关节炎的患者中,滑液中的 HNP 1-3 含量从 2.5 毫克/升到 261 毫克/升不等,中位数为 46.5 毫克/升。平均血清 CRP 为 43 毫克/升。结果表明,HNP 1-3 升高不仅与化脓性关节炎或全身性疾病一致,也与莱姆关节炎一致,尤其是在滑液培养和 16S PCR 阴性的患者中。最终诊断必须通过检查血清和滑液中的抗伯劳氏菌抗体来验证。这项工作的目的是介绍一种高效液相色谱法(HPLC),用于测定α-防御素,作为可能的诊断标志物之一。
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引用次数: 0
Rhizobacterial community and growth-promotion trait characteristics of Zea mays L. inoculated with Pseudomonas fluorescens UM270 in three different soils. 在三种不同土壤中接种荧光假单胞菌 UM270 的玉米根瘤菌群落和生长促进性状特征。
IF 2.4 4区 生物学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-024-01171-2
Gustavo Santoyo, Carlos Urtis-Flores, Ma Del Carmen Orozco-Mosqueda

There is an increasing demand for bioinoculants based on plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for use in agricultural ecosystems. However, there are still concerns and limited data on their reproducibility in different soil types and their effects on endemic rhizosphere communities. Therefore, this study explored the effects of inoculating the PGPR, Pseudomonas fluorescens strain UM270, on maize growth (Zea mays L.) and its associated rhizosphere bacteriome by sequencing the 16S ribosomal genes under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that inoculation with PGPR P. fluorescens UM270 improved shoot and root dry weights, chlorophyll concentration, and total biomass in the three soil types evaluated (clay, sandy-loam, and loam) compared to those of the controls. Bacterial community analysis of the three soil types revealed that maize plants inoculated with the UM270 strain showed a significant increase in Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria populations, whereas Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes decreased. Shannon, Pielou, and Faith alpha-biodiversity indices did not reveal significant differences between treatments. Beta diversity revealed a bacterial community differential structure in each soil type, with some variation among treatments. Finally, some bacterial groups were found to co-occur and co-exclude with respect to UM270 inoculation. Considered together, these results show that PGPR P. fluorescens UM270 increases maize plant growth and has an important effect on the resident rhizobacterial communities of each soil type, making it a potential agricultural biofertilizer.

在农业生态系统中使用基于植物生长促进根瘤菌(PGPR)的生物絮凝剂的需求越来越大。然而,人们对其在不同土壤类型中的可重复性及其对当地根瘤菌群落的影响仍心存疑虑,相关数据也十分有限。因此,本研究通过对温室条件下的 16S 核糖体基因进行测序,探讨了接种 PGPR(荧光假单胞菌 UM270 菌株)对玉米(Zea mays L.)生长及其相关根瘤菌群的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,接种 PGPR P. fluorescens UM270 能提高所评价的三种土壤(粘土、沙壤土和壤土)中嫩枝和根的干重、叶绿素浓度和总生物量。对三种土壤类型进行的细菌群落分析表明,接种了 UM270 菌株的玉米植株中,蛋白质细菌和酸性细菌的数量显著增加,而放线菌和类杆菌则有所减少。香农(Shannon)、皮鲁(Pielou)和费斯(Faith)α-生物多样性指数未显示出不同处理之间的显著差异。Beta 多样性显示了每种土壤类型中细菌群落的差异结构,不同处理之间存在一些差异。最后,在 UM270 接种的情况下,发现一些细菌群共同出现或共同消失。综合来看,这些结果表明 PGPR P. fluorescens UM270 可以提高玉米植株的生长,并对每种土壤类型中的常驻根瘤菌群落产生重要影响,使其成为一种潜在的农业生物肥料。
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引用次数: 0
ZnO nanoparticles induced biofilm formation in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus at sub-inhibitory concentrations. 氧化锌纳米颗粒在亚抑制浓度下可诱导肺炎克雷伯氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌形成生物膜。
IF 2.4 4区 生物学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-024-01158-z
Sreekanth K, Safa Nechikkadan, Mary Theresa, Radhakrishnan Edayileveettil Krishnankutty

Biofilm formation by the pathogenic bacteria generates a serious threat to the public health as it can increase the virulence potential, resistance to drugs, and escape from the host immune response mechanisms. Among the environmental factors that influence the biofilm formation, there are only limited reports available on the role of antimicrobial agents. During the antimicrobial drug administration or application for any purpose, the microbial population can expect to get exposed to the sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (sub-MIC) of the drug which will have an unprecedented impact on microbial responses. Hence, the study has been conducted to investigate the effects of sub-MIC levels of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on the biofilm formation of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. Here, the selected bacteria were primarily screened for the biofilm formation by using the Congo red agar method, and their susceptibility to ZnO NPs was also evaluated. Quantitative difference in biofilm formation by the selected organisms in the presence of ZnO NPs at the sub-MIC level was further carried out by using the microtiter plate-crystal violet assay. Further, the samples were subjected to atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis to evaluate the properties and pattern of the biofilm modulated under the experimental conditions used. From these, the organisms treated with sub-MIC levels of ZnO NPs were found to have enhanced biofilm formation when compared with the untreated sample. Also, no microbial growth could be observed for the samples treated with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ZnO NPs. The results observed in the study provide key insights into the impact of nanomaterials on clinically important microorganisms which demands critical thinking on the antimicrobial use of nanomaterials.

病原菌形成的生物膜对公共卫生构成严重威胁,因为它能增强致病力、抗药性和逃避宿主免疫反应机制。在影响生物膜形成的环境因素中,关于抗菌剂作用的报道十分有限。在为任何目的施用或应用抗菌药物期间,微生物群体可能会接触到药物的次最低抑制浓度(sub-MIC),这将对微生物的反应产生前所未有的影响。因此,本研究调查了亚最低抑菌浓度氧化锌纳米粒子(ZnO NPs)对肺炎克雷伯氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜形成的影响。在此,主要采用刚果红琼脂法对所选细菌进行生物膜形成筛选,并评估它们对氧化锌纳米粒子的敏感性。使用微滴定板-结晶紫测定法,进一步确定了所选细菌在亚微孔级 ZnO NPs 存在下形成生物膜的定量差异。此外,还对样品进行了原子力显微镜(AFM)分析,以评估在所用实验条件下生物膜的特性和形态。结果发现,与未处理的样品相比,用亚微量氧化锌氮氧化物处理的生物体增强了生物膜的形成。此外,使用最低抑制浓度(MIC)氧化锌氮氧化物处理的样品也没有观察到微生物生长。该研究观察到的结果为了解纳米材料对临床重要微生物的影响提供了重要启示,需要对纳米材料的抗菌用途进行批判性思考。
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引用次数: 0
Diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of clinical and environmental Salmonella enterica serovars in Western Saudi Arabia. 沙特阿拉伯西部临床和环境肠炎沙门氏菌血清型的多样性和抗菌药敏感性模式。
IF 2.4 4区 生物学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-024-01172-1
Hajrah A Khan, Leena A Neyaz, Hesham A Malak, Wafa A Alshehri, Khaled Elbanna, Sameer R Organji, Fatimah H Asiri, Mohammad S Aldosari, Hussein H Abulreesh

The diverse environmental distribution of Salmonella makes it a global source of human gastrointestinal infections. This study aimed to detect Salmonella spp. and explore their diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in clinical and environmental samples. Pre-enrichment, selective enrichment, and selective plating techniques were adopted for the Salmonella detection whereas the API 20E test and Vitek Compact 2 system were used to confirm the identity of isolates. Salmonella serovars were subjected to molecular confirmation by 16S rDNA gene sequencing. Disc diffusion method and Vitek 2 Compact system determined the antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella serovars. Multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) was calculated to explore whether Salmonella serovars originate from areas with heavy antibiotic usage. Results depicted low Salmonella prevalence in clinical and environmental samples (3.5%). The main detected serovars included Salmonella Typhimurium, S. enteritidis, S. Infantis, S. Newlands, S. Heidelberg, S. Indian, S. Reading, and S. paratyphi C. All the detected Salmonella serovars (27) exhibited multidrug resistance to three or more antimicrobial classes. The study concludes that the overall Salmonella serovars prevalence was found to be low in environmental and clinical samples of Western Saudi Arabia (Makkah and Jeddah). However, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of human and environmental Salmonella serovars revealed that all isolates exhibited multidrug-resistance (MDR) patterns to frequently used antibiotics, which might reflect antibiotic overuse in clinical and veterinary medicine. It would be suitable to apply and enforce rules and regulations from the One Health approach, which aim to prevent antibiotic resistance infections, enhance food safety, and improve human and animal health, given that all Salmonella spp. detected in this investigation were exhibiting MDR patterns.

沙门氏菌在环境中的多样化分布使其成为人类胃肠道感染的全球来源。本研究旨在检测临床和环境样本中的沙门氏菌属,并探索其多样性和抗菌药敏感性模式。沙门氏菌的检测采用了预富集、选择性富集和选择性平板技术,而 API 20E 试验和 Vitek Compact 2 系统则用于确认分离菌株的身份。通过 16S rDNA 基因测序对沙门氏菌血清进行分子确认。圆盘扩散法和 Vitek 2 Compact 系统确定了沙门氏菌血清种的抗生素敏感性。通过计算多重抗生素耐药性指数(MARI)来探究沙门氏菌血清型是否来自抗生素使用量大的地区。结果显示,沙门氏菌在临床和环境样本中的流行率较低(3.5%)。检测到的主要血清型包括鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、肠炎沙门氏菌、因凡蒂斯沙门氏菌、纽兰兹沙门氏菌、海德堡沙门氏菌、印度沙门氏菌、雷丁沙门氏菌和副伤寒 C 沙门氏菌。所有检测到的沙门氏菌血清型(27 个)都表现出对三种或三种以上抗菌药物的多重耐药性。研究得出结论:在沙特阿拉伯西部(麦加和吉达)的环境和临床样本中,沙门氏菌血清型的总体流行率较低。不过,人类和环境沙门氏菌血清型的抗菌药敏感性模式显示,所有分离菌株都表现出对常用抗生素的多重耐药性(MDR)模式,这可能反映了临床和兽医中抗生素的过度使用。鉴于本次调查中检测到的所有沙门氏菌属都表现出 MDR 模式,因此适合应用和执行旨在预防抗生素耐药性感染、加强食品安全和改善人类及动物健康的 "同一健康 "方法中的规则和条例。
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引用次数: 0
Unveiling the microbial diversity of biofilms on titanium surfaces in full-scale water-cooling plants using metagenomics approach. 利用元基因组学方法揭示大型水冷设备钛表面生物膜的微生物多样性。
IF 2.4 4区 生物学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-024-01170-3
Gayathri Rethinavelu, Rajathirajan Siva Dharshini, Ranjani Manickam, Anandkumar Balakrishnan, Mohandass Ramya, Naga Raju Maddela, Ram Prasad

Microbial colonization on the titanium condenser material (TCM) used in the cooling system leads to biofouling and corrosion and influences the water supply. The primary investigation of the titanium condenser was infrequently studied on characterizing biofilm-forming bacterial communities. Different treatment methods like electropotential charge, ultrasonication, and copper coating of titanium condenser material may influence the microbial population over the surface of the titanium condensers. The present study aimed to catalog the primary colonizers and the effect of different treatment methods on the microbial community. CFU (1.7 × 109 CFU/mL) and ATP count (< 5000 × 10-7 relative luminescence units) showed a minimal microbial population in copper-coated surface biofilm as compared with the other treatments. Live and dead cell result also showed consistency with colony count. The biofilm sample on the copper-coated surface showed an increased dead cell count and decreased live cells. In the metagenomic approach, the microbiome coverage was 10.06 Mb in samples derived from copper-coated TCM than in other treated samples (electropotential charge-17.94 Mb; ultrasonication-20.01 Mb), including control (10.18 Mb). Firmicutes preponderate the communities in the biofilm samples, and Proteobacteria stand next in the population in all the treated condenser materials. At the genus level, Lactobacillaceae and Azospirillaceae dominated the biofilm community. The metagenome data suggested that the attached community is different from those biofilm samples based on the environment that influences the bacterial community. The outcome of the present study depicts that copper coating was effective against biofouling and corrosion resistance of titanium condenser material for designing long-term durability.

冷却系统中使用的钛冷凝器材料(TCM)上的微生物定植会导致生物污垢和腐蚀,并影响供水。对钛冷凝器的初步研究很少涉及生物膜形成细菌群落的特征。钛冷凝器材料的不同处理方法,如电位充电、超声波处理和铜涂层,可能会影响钛冷凝器表面的微生物数量。本研究旨在对主要定殖菌进行编目,并研究不同处理方法对微生物群落的影响。与其他处理方法相比,CFU(1.7 × 109 CFU/mL)和 ATP 计数(-7 相对发光单位)显示铜涂层表面生物膜中的微生物数量极少。活细胞和死细胞结果也与菌落计数一致。铜涂层表面的生物膜样本显示死细胞数增加,活细胞数减少。在元基因组学方法中,与其他处理样本(电位充电-17.94 Mb;超声处理-20.01 Mb)(包括对照组(10.18 Mb))相比,铜涂层中药样本的微生物组覆盖率为 10.06 Mb。在所有处理过的冷凝器样本中,生物膜样本中的菌群以固着菌为主,变形菌次之。在属的层面上,乳杆菌科和氮青杆菌科在生物膜群落中占主导地位。元基因组数据表明,根据影响细菌群落的环境,附着群落与生物膜样本有所不同。本研究的结果表明,铜涂层能有效防止钛冷凝器材料的生物污染和耐腐蚀性,从而设计出长期耐用的冷凝器。
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引用次数: 0
Immunobiological effects of lipopolysaccharide derived from Helicobacter pylori and influence of a proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. 幽门螺杆菌脂多糖的免疫生物学效应和质子泵抑制剂兰索拉唑对人类多形核白细胞的影响
IF 2.4 4区 生物学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-17 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-024-01188-7
Yoji Koshibu, Tsuneyuki Ubagai, Yusuke Yoshino, Yasuo Ono

Helicobacter pylori colonizes the human gastric mucosa of more than half of the human population and has a unique lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structure. LPS is the most dominant and suitable pathogen-associated molecular pattern that is detected via pattern recognition receptors. Although the priming effect of H. pylori LPS on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of PMNs is lower than that of Escherichia coli O111:B4 LPS, LPS released from H. pylori associated with antibiotics eradication therapy may activate PMNs and increase ROS production. In addition, we describe the effects of H. pylori and E. coli O111:B4 LPSs on gene expression and the anti-inflammatory effect of lansoprazole (LPZ) in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. LPS isolated from H. pylori and E. coli O111:B4 alters toll-like receptor 2 (TLR) and TLR4 expressions similarly. However, LPS from E. coli O111:B4 and H. pylori caused a 1.8-fold and 1.5-fold increase, respectively, in CD14 expression. All LPS subtypes upregulated TNFα and IL6 expression in a concentration-dependent manner. Although E. coli O111:B4 LPS upregulated IL8R mRNA levels, H. pylori LPS did not (≦ 100 ng/mL). Gene expression levels of ITGAM demonstrated no significant change on using both LPSs. These different effects on the gene expression in PMNs may depend on variations in LPS structural modifications related to the acquired immunomodulatory properties of H. pylori LPS. Proton pump inhibitors, i.e., LPZ, are used in combination with antibiotics for the eradication therapy of H. pylori. LPZ and its acid-activated sulphenamide form AG-2000 suppress ROS production of PMNs in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that LPZ combination with antibiotics for H. pylori eradication reduces gastric inflammation by suppressing ROS release from PMNs.

幽门螺杆菌定植于人类一半以上的胃黏膜,具有独特的脂多糖(LPS)结构。LPS 是最主要、最适合通过模式识别受体检测的病原体相关分子模式。虽然幽门螺杆菌 LPS 对 PMN 活性氧(ROS)产生的引物效应低于大肠杆菌 O111:B4 LPS,但幽门螺杆菌释放的 LPS 与抗生素根除疗法相关,可能会激活 PMN 并增加 ROS 的产生。此外,我们还描述了幽门螺杆菌和大肠杆菌 O111:B4 LPS 对人类多形核白细胞基因表达和兰索拉唑(LPZ)抗炎作用的影响。从幽门螺杆菌和大肠杆菌O111:B4中分离出的LPS会改变toll样受体2(TLR)和TLR4的表达。然而,来自大肠杆菌 O111:B4 和幽门螺杆菌的 LPS 会使 CD14 的表达分别增加 1.8 倍和 1.5 倍。所有 LPS 亚型都以浓度依赖的方式上调 TNFα 和 IL6 的表达。虽然大肠杆菌 O111:B4 LPS 会上调 IL8R mRNA 水平,但幽门螺杆菌 LPS 不会(≦ 100 ng/mL)。ITGAM 的基因表达水平在使用两种 LPS 时均无明显变化。这些对 PMN 基因表达的不同影响可能取决于 LPS 结构修饰的变化,这与幽门螺杆菌 LPS 的后天免疫调节特性有关。质子泵抑制剂(即 LPZ)与抗生素联合用于根除幽门螺杆菌的治疗。LPZ及其酸激活的磺胺形式AG-2000以剂量依赖的方式抑制PMN产生ROS。这些结果表明,LPZ与抗生素联合用于根除幽门螺杆菌可通过抑制PMN释放ROS来减轻胃部炎症。
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引用次数: 0
Macronutrients-availing microbiomes: biodiversity, mechanisms, and biotechnological applications for agricultural sustainability. 提供宏量营养素的微生物群:生物多样性、机制和生物技术在农业可持续发展中的应用。
IF 2.4 4区 生物学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-024-01220-w
Tanvir Kaur, Rubee Devi, Rajeshwari Negi, Harpreet Kour, Sangram Singh, Sofia Sharief Khan, Chandresh Kumari, Divjot Kour, Sohini Chowdhury, Monit Kapoor, Ashutosh Kumar Rai, Sarvesh Rustagi, Sheikh Shreaz, Ajar Nath Yadav

Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are the three most essential micronutrients which play major roles in plant survivability by being a structural or non-structural component of the cell. Plants acquire these nutrients from soil in the fixed (NO3¯, NH4+) and solubilized forms (K+, H2PO4- and HPO42-). In soil, the fixed and solubilized forms of nutrients are unavailable or available in bare minimum amounts; therefore, agrochemicals were introduced. Agrochemicals, mined from the deposits or chemically prepared, have been widely used in the agricultural farms over the decades for the sake of higher production of the crops. The excessive use of agrochemicals has been found to be deleterious for humans, as well as the environment. In the environment, agrochemical usage resulted in soil acidification, disturbance of microbial ecology, and eutrophication of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. A solution to such devastating agro-input was found to be substituted by macronutrients-availing microbiomes. Macronutrients-availing microbiomes solubilize and fix the insoluble form of nutrients and convert them into soluble forms without causing any significant harm to the environment. Microbes convert the insoluble form to the soluble form of macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) through different mechanisms such as fixation, solubilization, and chelation. The microbiomes having capability of fixing and solubilizing nutrients contain some specific genes which have been reported in diverse microbial species surviving in different niches. In the present review, the biodiversity, mechanism of action, and genomics of different macronutrients-availing microbiomes are presented.

氮、磷和钾是三种最基本的微量营养元素,它们作为细胞的结构或非结构成分,对植物的存活起着重要作用。植物从土壤中以固定形式(NO3¯、NH4+)和溶解形式(K+、H2PO4- 和 HPO42-)获得这些营养元素。在土壤中,固定和溶解形式的养分无法获得或仅能获得最低数量的养分;因此,人们引入了农用化学品。几十年来,为了提高农作物的产量,农用化学品(从矿藏中开采或通过化学方法制备)被广泛应用于农业农场。人们发现,过量使用农用化学品会对人类和环境造成危害。在环境方面,农用化学品的使用导致土壤酸化、微生物生态紊乱以及水生和陆地生态系统富营养化。对于这种破坏性的农业投入,人们发现了一种解决方案,那就是用可利用宏量营养素的微生物群来替代。利用宏量营养素的微生物群能溶解和固定营养素的不溶形态,并将其转化为可溶形态,而不会对环境造成任何重大危害。微生物通过固定、溶解和螯合等不同机制,将不溶于水的大量营养素(氮、磷和钾)转化为可溶的形式。具有固定和溶解养分能力的微生物群包含一些特定基因,据报道,这些基因存在于不同生态位的多种微生物物种中。本综述介绍了不同常量营养素利用微生物组的生物多样性、作用机制和基因组学。
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引用次数: 0
Diversity of cultivable endophytic fungi in a decumbent subshrub endemic of the Brazilian tropical savanna. 巴西热带稀树草原特有的外倾亚灌木中可栽培内生真菌的多样性。
IF 2.4 4区 生物学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-024-01226-4
Jefferson Brendon Almeida Dos Reis, Jadson Diogo Pereira Bezerra, Helson Mario Martins do Vale

The diversity of cultivable endophytic fungi in native subshrubs of the Brazilian Cerrado is largely unknown. This study investigated the cultivable endophytic mycobiome of stems, leaves, and flowers of Peltaea polymorpha (Malvaceae). In total, 208 endophytic fungi were isolated, 95 from stems, 65 from leaves, and 48 from flowers. The isolates were classified as ascomycetes belonging to three classes, eight orders, ten families, 12 genera, and 31 species. Diaporthe, Nigrospora, and Colletotrichum were the dominant genera in the three analyzed organs. The richness estimators suggested that the number of species might be slightly higher than observed. The highest values for the Shannon and Simpson diversity indices were observed in stems. Beta diversity showed overlapping of fungal communities in different organs, with a high rate of sharing of taxa. Furthermore, the dominant primary fungal lifestyles were plant pathogens and saprobes. Our findings show that the cultivable endophytic fungal community of P. polymorpha is species-rich and that communities in different organs share genera and species.

巴西塞拉多原生亚灌木中可栽培的内生真菌的多样性在很大程度上还不为人知。本研究调查了Peltaea polymorpha(锦葵科)茎、叶和花的可栽培内生真菌生物群。共分离出 208 株内生真菌,其中 95 株来自茎,65 株来自叶,48 株来自花。分离的真菌被归类为子囊菌,隶属于 3 类、8 目、10 科、12 属、31 种。Diaporthe 属、Nigrospora 属和 Colletotrichum 属是三个分析器官中的主要菌属。丰富度估计值表明,物种数量可能略高于观察到的数量。茎中的香农和辛普森多样性指数值最高。Beta 多样性表明不同器官的真菌群落相互重叠,类群共享率很高。此外,主要的真菌生活方式是植物病原体和溶菌。我们的研究结果表明,P. polymorpha 的可栽培内生真菌群落物种丰富,不同器官的群落共享属和种。
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引用次数: 0
Biocontrol potential of Botrytis fabiopsis against the weeds of agricultural fields in the Qing-Tibetan Plateau. 拟褐飞虱对青藏高原农田杂草的生物防治潜力。
IF 2.4 4区 生物学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-024-01225-5
Haixia Zhu, Liang Cheng

In screening biocontrol strains with broad-spectrum and high-efficiency herbicidal activities, a strain with strong pathogenicity, HY-021, was isolated from the leaves of Rumex acetosa, which was identified as Botrytis fabiopsis based on morphology and molecular biology. The herbicidal activities of the fermentation filtrate of strain HY-021 against nine weeds, including Chenopodium album L., Elsholtzia densa Benth., Malva verticillata L. var. Crispa, Polygonum lapathifolium L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Avena fatua L., Thlaspi arvense L., Polygonum aviculare L., and Galium spurium L., were determined in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that the pathogenicity of strain HY-021 to the different weeds in vitro was as follows: E. densa > A. retroflexus > P. aviculare > P. lapathifolium > M. verticillata > T. arvense > G. spurium > A. fatua > C. album. Seven days after inoculation with the HY-021 strain, the incidences in nine weeds were in the range of 32.9-87.23%, and the disease index values of the nine weeds were 41.73-94.57%. The pathogenic effects from high to low were A. retroflexus > E. densa > A. fatua > G. spurium > C. album > M. verticillata > T. arvense > P. aviculare > P. lapathifolium. The crop safety test showed that the biocontrol strain HY-021 was safe to V. faba, P. sativum, H. vulgare, and T. aestivum, but had a slight effect on B. napus. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the mycelium of strain HY-021 invaded the tissue through the stomata of C. album leaves, parasitized and reproduced in the tissue, and gradually destroyed the tissue. The results of this study provide a basis for the development and utilization of new and efficient microbial source herbicides.

在筛选具有广谱高效除草活性的生物防治菌株时,从乙酰鲁梅克斯(Rumex acetosa)的叶片中分离出了一株具有强致病性的菌株HY-021,并根据形态学和分子生物学鉴定其为拟禾本科菌(Botrytis fabiopsis)。研究了菌株 HY-021 的发酵滤液对 9 种杂草(包括 Chenopodium album L.、Elsholtzia densa Benth.、Malva verticillata L. var. Crispa、Polygonum lapathifolium L.、Amaranthus retroflexus L.、Avena fatua L.、Thlaspi arvense L.、Polygonum aviculare L.和 Galium spurium L.)的体外和体内除草活性。结果表明,菌株 HY-021 对不同杂草的体外致病性如下:E. densa > A. retroflexus > P. aviculare > P. lapathifolium > M. verticillata > T. arvense > G. spurium > A. fatua > C. album。接种 HY-021 菌株 7 天后,9 种杂草的发病率为 32.9-87.23%,9 种杂草的病害指数为 41.73-94.57%。其致病效果从高到低依次为:反枝苋 A. retroflexus > E. densa > A. fatua > G. spurium > C. album > M. verticillata > T. arvense > P. aviculare > P. lapathifolium。作物安全性测试表明,生物防治菌株 HY-021 对蚕豆、豌豆、莴苣和西红柿是安全的,但对油菜有轻微影响。扫描电子显微镜显示,菌株 HY-021 的菌丝通过 C. album 叶片的气孔侵入组织,在组织中寄生和繁殖,并逐渐破坏组织。该研究结果为开发和利用新型高效微生物源除草剂提供了依据。
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引用次数: 0
Molecular docking and antibacterial and antibiotic-modifying activities of synthetic chalcone (2E)-1-(3'-aminophenyl)-3-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-prop-2-en-1-one in a MepA efflux pump-expressing Staphylococcus aureus strain. 合成查尔酮(2E)-1-(3'-氨基苯基)-3-(4-二甲基氨基苯基)-丙-2-烯-1-酮在表达 MepA 外排泵的金黄色葡萄球菌菌株中的分子对接及抗菌和抗生素修饰活性。
IF 2.4 4区 生物学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-024-01221-9
Larissa da Silva, Cicera Alane Coelho Gonçalves, Antonio Henrique Bezerra, Cristina Rodrigues Dos Santos Barbosa, Janaina Esmeraldo Rocha, Yedda Maria Lobo Soares de Matos, Lígia Cláudia Castro de Oliveira, Hélcio Silva Dos Santos, Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho, Francisco Assis Bezerra da Cunha

Bacterial resistance has become a global concern for public health agencies. Various resistance mechanisms found in Staphylococcus aureus strains grant this bacterium resistance to a wide range of antibiotics, contributing to the rise in human mortality worldwide. Resistance mediated by efflux pumps is one of the most prevalent mechanisms in multi-resistant bacteria, which has aroused the interest of several researchers in the search for possible efflux pump inhibitors. In view of the aforementioned considerations, it is important that new strategies, such as the synthesis of chalcones, be made available as a viable strategy in antimicrobial therapy. In this study, the synthesized chalcone (2E)-1-(3'-aminophenyl)-3-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-prop-2-en-1-one was tested for its antibacterial activity, focusing on antibiotic modification and the inhibition of the MepA efflux pump present in S. aureus strain K2068. The broth microdilution method, using microdilution plates, was employed in microbiological tests to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of the chalcone, antibiotics, and ethidium bromide. The results show that while the chalcone did not exhibit direct antibacterial activity, it synergistically enhanced the effects of ciprofloxacin and ethidium bromide, as evidenced by the reduction in MICs. In addition, computer simulations of molecular docking demonstrate that the tested chalcone acts on the same binding site as the efflux pump inhibitor chlorpromazine, interacting with essentially the same residues. These data suggest that the chalcone may act as a MepA inhibitor.

细菌耐药性已成为全球公共卫生机构关注的问题。在金黄色葡萄球菌菌株中发现的各种抗药性机制使这种细菌对多种抗生素产生了抗药性,导致全球人类死亡率上升。由外排泵介导的耐药性是多重耐药细菌中最普遍的机制之一,这引起了一些研究人员对寻找可能的外排泵抑制剂的兴趣。鉴于上述考虑,重要的是将新策略(如合成查耳酮)作为抗菌治疗的可行策略。本研究测试了合成的查耳酮 (2E)-1-(3'-aminophenyl)-3-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-prop-2-en-1-one 的抗菌活性,重点是抗生素修饰和抑制金黄色葡萄球菌菌株 K2068 中存在的 MepA 外排泵。在微生物测试中,采用肉汤微量稀释法(使用微量稀释板)来确定查尔酮、抗生素和溴化乙锭的最小抑菌浓度。结果表明,虽然查尔酮没有表现出直接的抗菌活性,但它能协同增强环丙沙星和溴化乙锭的作用,MICs 的降低就证明了这一点。此外,计算机模拟的分子对接表明,测试的查尔酮与外排泵抑制剂氯丙嗪作用于相同的结合位点,与基本相同的残基相互作用。这些数据表明,查尔酮可能是一种 MepA 抑制剂。
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引用次数: 0
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Folia microbiologica
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