Pub Date : 2022-04-29DOI: 10.5923/j.fph.20221201.03
E. Merem, Y. Twumasi, J. Wesley, D. Olagbegi, M. Crisler, C. Romorno, M. Alsarari, P. Isokpehi, A. Hines, G. Hirse, G. S. Ochai, E. Nwagboso, S. Fageir, S. Leggett, J. Offiah, S. Emakpor
{"title":"The Analysis of Dairy Production and Milk Use in Africa Using GIS","authors":"E. Merem, Y. Twumasi, J. Wesley, D. Olagbegi, M. Crisler, C. Romorno, M. Alsarari, P. Isokpehi, A. Hines, G. Hirse, G. S. Ochai, E. Nwagboso, S. Fageir, S. Leggett, J. Offiah, S. Emakpor","doi":"10.5923/j.fph.20221201.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/j.fph.20221201.03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12412,"journal":{"name":"Food and Public Health","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84414476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.5923/J.FPH.20190902.04
E. Merem, Y. Twumasi, J. Wesley, M. Alsarari, S. Fageir, M. Crisler, C. Romorno, D. Olagbegi, A. Hines, G. S. Ochai, E. Nwagboso, S. Leggett, D. Foster, V. Purry, J. Washington
The continent of Africa has tremendous potential in agriculture with more than half of the world’s fertile unused land therein. In the case of West Africa known for its abundance of natural and human resources, farming not only represents approximately over a third of the region’s wealth and more than half of the work force, but the sector is a major catalyst to attaining food security and rapid economic growth. Yet in the past decades, the gloomy performance in food production remains compounded by the dependence on food imports combined with the threats of famine and declining productivity. Even though food security attainment ranks as a major challenge, food production has increased in the recent past but with little success due to unmet goals in the set targets and the socio-economic and physical constraints in the larger agricultural structure. At the same time, there exists limited use of mix scale tools of GIS and descriptive statistics in gauging food security and agricultural activities in West Africa. Without it, managers face the grueling task of making the right decisions in critical areas requiring intervention to ensure food security. For that, this paper will fill that void by analyzing the food security situation in West Africa. Emphasis is on the issues, trends, production activities, factors and efforts. With the results showing changes in farm variables made up of various food types, agricultural land and other essential elements in food production coupled with gradual declines in some nations, GIS mapping points to a gradual spreading of food security indicators with firm concentration across different countries. Just as changes in production associated with food security originate from socio-economic and physical elements, the paper offered various solutions ranging from the need for education and monitoring to the design of regional food information system, efficient policy, storage facilities, precision farming and more use of GIS.
{"title":"Regional Assessment of the Food Security Situation in West Africa with GIS","authors":"E. Merem, Y. Twumasi, J. Wesley, M. Alsarari, S. Fageir, M. Crisler, C. Romorno, D. Olagbegi, A. Hines, G. S. Ochai, E. Nwagboso, S. Leggett, D. Foster, V. Purry, J. Washington","doi":"10.5923/J.FPH.20190902.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.FPH.20190902.04","url":null,"abstract":"The continent of Africa has tremendous potential in agriculture with more than half of the world’s fertile unused land therein. In the case of West Africa known for its abundance of natural and human resources, farming not only represents approximately over a third of the region’s wealth and more than half of the work force, but the sector is a major catalyst to attaining food security and rapid economic growth. Yet in the past decades, the gloomy performance in food production remains compounded by the dependence on food imports combined with the threats of famine and declining productivity. Even though food security attainment ranks as a major challenge, food production has increased in the recent past but with little success due to unmet goals in the set targets and the socio-economic and physical constraints in the larger agricultural structure. At the same time, there exists limited use of mix scale tools of GIS and descriptive statistics in gauging food security and agricultural activities in West Africa. Without it, managers face the grueling task of making the right decisions in critical areas requiring intervention to ensure food security. For that, this paper will fill that void by analyzing the food security situation in West Africa. Emphasis is on the issues, trends, production activities, factors and efforts. With the results showing changes in farm variables made up of various food types, agricultural land and other essential elements in food production coupled with gradual declines in some nations, GIS mapping points to a gradual spreading of food security indicators with firm concentration across different countries. Just as changes in production associated with food security originate from socio-economic and physical elements, the paper offered various solutions ranging from the need for education and monitoring to the design of regional food information system, efficient policy, storage facilities, precision farming and more use of GIS.","PeriodicalId":12412,"journal":{"name":"Food and Public Health","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73422616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.5923/J.FPH.20190902.01
Maria Isabel Landim Neves, E. K. Silva, M. Meireles
Consumer demands and their preferences for naturally derived colorants have increased exponentially and are widely associated with the image of healthy, safe and high-quality products, which constitutes a great challenge to food industries and related food science research institutions. Moreover, such demands have resulted in searches to increase the availability of these compounds. Despite the intense search for plant and microbial sources and efforts to increase extraction yield, few natural colorants have reached available the market. Physicochemical instability during the extraction and storage of natural colorants is a major limitation; some non-conventional extraction and encapsulation technologies are being advocated to minimize this problem. Thus, improving the techniques used for the encapsulation of sensitive or labile ingredients is important to make colorants and, consequently, their bioactive proprieties, accessible to consumers.
{"title":"Trends and Challenges in the Industrialization of Natural Colorants","authors":"Maria Isabel Landim Neves, E. K. Silva, M. Meireles","doi":"10.5923/J.FPH.20190902.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.FPH.20190902.01","url":null,"abstract":"Consumer demands and their preferences for naturally derived colorants have increased exponentially and are widely associated with the image of healthy, safe and high-quality products, which constitutes a great challenge to food industries and related food science research institutions. Moreover, such demands have resulted in searches to increase the availability of these compounds. Despite the intense search for plant and microbial sources and efforts to increase extraction yield, few natural colorants have reached available the market. Physicochemical instability during the extraction and storage of natural colorants is a major limitation; some non-conventional extraction and encapsulation technologies are being advocated to minimize this problem. Thus, improving the techniques used for the encapsulation of sensitive or labile ingredients is important to make colorants and, consequently, their bioactive proprieties, accessible to consumers.","PeriodicalId":12412,"journal":{"name":"Food and Public Health","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73890994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.5923/J.FPH.20190902.02
M. M. Strieder, E. K. Silva, M. Meireles
The demand for natural colorants has boosted the search for innovative technologies to obtain them. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) is one of the new green techniques that has been studied due to its process advantages that include high yields, short extraction times and nonutilization of elevated temperatures. However, a nonstandardization of the UAE variables complicates comparisons and hinders progress in the studies of this topic. In this review, the focus is the verification and discussion of which UAE process conditions authors have used to obtain natural colorants. Thus, it is possible to confirm that some authors used ultrasonic systems that are not appropriate for performing a good extraction, that some used a great amount of solvent and a long extraction time, and that researchers did not express the main variables (nominal power, extraction time and sample mass) as a function of the specific energy applied to processing. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that some studies using UAE were not conducted to obtain the best results, and the expression of the variables as a function of specific energy can generate a standardization, which facilitates comparison among the results obtained by the scientific community.
{"title":"Specific Energy: A New Approach to Ultrasound-assisted Extraction of Natural Colorants","authors":"M. M. Strieder, E. K. Silva, M. Meireles","doi":"10.5923/J.FPH.20190902.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.FPH.20190902.02","url":null,"abstract":"The demand for natural colorants has boosted the search for innovative technologies to obtain them. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) is one of the new green techniques that has been studied due to its process advantages that include high yields, short extraction times and nonutilization of elevated temperatures. However, a nonstandardization of the UAE variables complicates comparisons and hinders progress in the studies of this topic. In this review, the focus is the verification and discussion of which UAE process conditions authors have used to obtain natural colorants. Thus, it is possible to confirm that some authors used ultrasonic systems that are not appropriate for performing a good extraction, that some used a great amount of solvent and a long extraction time, and that researchers did not express the main variables (nominal power, extraction time and sample mass) as a function of the specific energy applied to processing. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that some studies using UAE were not conducted to obtain the best results, and the expression of the variables as a function of specific energy can generate a standardization, which facilitates comparison among the results obtained by the scientific community.","PeriodicalId":12412,"journal":{"name":"Food and Public Health","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77085528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.5923/J.FOOD.20190901.01
E. Merem, Y. Twumasi, J. Wesley, M. Alsarari, S. Fageir, M. Crisler, C. Romorno, D. Olagbegi, A. Hines, G. S. Ochai, E. Nwagboso, S. Leggett, D. Foster, V. Purry, J. Washington
The West African coastal region has long been regarded as one of the most fertile fishing regions in the globe. For that, in many of the region’s coastal communities, fishery stands out as a vital component of the surrounding ecosystem central to economic activities among citizens. However, recurrent overfishing by illegal foreign vessels is not only impeding sources of revenue and food security in the area. During the last several years, the widespread plunder of local fisheries by foreign trawlers engaged in illegal fishing continues unabated with indelible marks on communities. Considering the implications, the ongoing fishery crisis which has now reached monumental proportions is fast becoming a regional tragedy which must be dealt with it, if not, prosperity in West Africa could be elusive. While this comes at the expense of locals whose coastal waters are repeatedly encroached upon by illegal foreign trawlers. Such activities trigger depletion and biodiversity disappearance, loss of income and exposure to poverty due to many elements such as weak institutions, ineffective laws, absence of regional action plan and size of the West African fishing zone. Notwithstanding the lingering dilemmas, the fascination of mainstream literature all those years focused solely on fishery crisis elsewhere with little on West Africa. Thus, this paper will fill that void by examining the tragedy of over fishing using a mix scale approach of descriptive statistics and GIS with emphasis on the issues, trends, factors and impacts. From the temporal-spatial analysis, the result shows vast potentials based on the output as well as growing depletion, losses from illegal activities and impacts prompted by a host of socio-economic and physical factors. The paper offered solutions ranging from the promulgation of stricter regulations, legal actions by West Africa, the repatriation of funds, regional cooperation and effective monitoring.
{"title":"Analyzing the Tragedy of Illegal Fishing on the West African Coastal Region","authors":"E. Merem, Y. Twumasi, J. Wesley, M. Alsarari, S. Fageir, M. Crisler, C. Romorno, D. Olagbegi, A. Hines, G. S. Ochai, E. Nwagboso, S. Leggett, D. Foster, V. Purry, J. Washington","doi":"10.5923/J.FOOD.20190901.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.FOOD.20190901.01","url":null,"abstract":"The West African coastal region has long been regarded as one of the most fertile fishing regions in the globe. For that, in many of the region’s coastal communities, fishery stands out as a vital component of the surrounding ecosystem central to economic activities among citizens. However, recurrent overfishing by illegal foreign vessels is not only impeding sources of revenue and food security in the area. During the last several years, the widespread plunder of local fisheries by foreign trawlers engaged in illegal fishing continues unabated with indelible marks on communities. Considering the implications, the ongoing fishery crisis which has now reached monumental proportions is fast becoming a regional tragedy which must be dealt with it, if not, prosperity in West Africa could be elusive. While this comes at the expense of locals whose coastal waters are repeatedly encroached upon by illegal foreign trawlers. Such activities trigger depletion and biodiversity disappearance, loss of income and exposure to poverty due to many elements such as weak institutions, ineffective laws, absence of regional action plan and size of the West African fishing zone. Notwithstanding the lingering dilemmas, the fascination of mainstream literature all those years focused solely on fishery crisis elsewhere with little on West Africa. Thus, this paper will fill that void by examining the tragedy of over fishing using a mix scale approach of descriptive statistics and GIS with emphasis on the issues, trends, factors and impacts. From the temporal-spatial analysis, the result shows vast potentials based on the output as well as growing depletion, losses from illegal activities and impacts prompted by a host of socio-economic and physical factors. The paper offered solutions ranging from the promulgation of stricter regulations, legal actions by West Africa, the repatriation of funds, regional cooperation and effective monitoring.","PeriodicalId":12412,"journal":{"name":"Food and Public Health","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83415821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.5923/J.FPH.20190903.01
Kenneth Essex, A. Mehdi, S. Shibeeb
It is well established that green tea consumption is associated with many health benefits. These benefits include anti-thrombotic, anti-oxidant, anti-atherogenic and anti-obesity effects. However, there are limited studies have investigated the direct effect of green tea consumption on renal function and haematological parameters. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of green tea consumption on kidney function, red cell count, haemoglobin, white cell and platelet counts in healthy human subject. Ten healthy human volunteers (5 females and 5 males) consumed three cups/day (200 mls per cup) of green tea for a period of four weeks. Kidney function and haematological parameters were analysed at the end of weeks 1, 2 and 4. Our data indicated that green tea consumption does not adversely alter renal function as assessed by serum creatinine concentration, serum urea concentration and glomerular filtration rate. Furthermore, full blood count parameters remained within the normal reference interval and numbers remained unaffected. This study demonstrated that green tea consumption is not associated with adverse effects on kidney function and haematological parameters.
{"title":"Green tea consumption does not adversely affect kidney function and haematological parameters","authors":"Kenneth Essex, A. Mehdi, S. Shibeeb","doi":"10.5923/J.FPH.20190903.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.FPH.20190903.01","url":null,"abstract":"It is well established that green tea consumption is associated with many health benefits. These benefits include anti-thrombotic, anti-oxidant, anti-atherogenic and anti-obesity effects. However, there are limited studies have investigated the direct effect of green tea consumption on renal function and haematological parameters. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of green tea consumption on kidney function, red cell count, haemoglobin, white cell and platelet counts in healthy human subject. Ten healthy human volunteers (5 females and 5 males) consumed three cups/day (200 mls per cup) of green tea for a period of four weeks. Kidney function and haematological parameters were analysed at the end of weeks 1, 2 and 4. Our data indicated that green tea consumption does not adversely alter renal function as assessed by serum creatinine concentration, serum urea concentration and glomerular filtration rate. Furthermore, full blood count parameters remained within the normal reference interval and numbers remained unaffected. This study demonstrated that green tea consumption is not associated with adverse effects on kidney function and haematological parameters.","PeriodicalId":12412,"journal":{"name":"Food and Public Health","volume":"87 1","pages":"79-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81250658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.5923/J.FPH.20170703.01
D. Christ, G. Savi, V. Scussel
Despite the ozone (known as GRAS - generally recognized as safe) gas treatments published for each food living organism or chemical decontamination, they are not necessarily present or contaminate food individually. Most of the time, they are present all together. Therefore, the most important point, regarding an O3 application method to be chosen is its effectiveness to all contaminants that may be in the target food. Therefore, ozone gas decontamination methods that gather combined multi-contaminants and their effectiveness in food were surveyed. Both, for inactivation of living organisms (insects, mites, fungi, yeasts and bacteria) and degradation of toxic compounds (pesticides and mycotoxins). They are the main need for an effective and comprehensive commercial decontamination application. This review brings details on O3 formation energy sources, its application conditions (concentration / time of exposure), container characteristics (volume / material type / sealed or hermetic) and effectiveness for different food (type / contamination level / batch size/moisture content). From the studies and data reported, ozone has shown to be an efficient green agent for combined multi-decontamination, thus prolonging the food storage and shelf life. It does not cause/produce adverse effects on food quality.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Ozone Gas Application Methods against Combined Multi-Contaminants in Food","authors":"D. Christ, G. Savi, V. Scussel","doi":"10.5923/J.FPH.20170703.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.FPH.20170703.01","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the ozone (known as GRAS - generally recognized as safe) gas treatments published for each food living organism or chemical decontamination, they are not necessarily present or contaminate food individually. Most of the time, they are present all together. Therefore, the most important point, regarding an O3 application method to be chosen is its effectiveness to all contaminants that may be in the target food. Therefore, ozone gas decontamination methods that gather combined multi-contaminants and their effectiveness in food were surveyed. Both, for inactivation of living organisms (insects, mites, fungi, yeasts and bacteria) and degradation of toxic compounds (pesticides and mycotoxins). They are the main need for an effective and comprehensive commercial decontamination application. This review brings details on O3 formation energy sources, its application conditions (concentration / time of exposure), container characteristics (volume / material type / sealed or hermetic) and effectiveness for different food (type / contamination level / batch size/moisture content). From the studies and data reported, ozone has shown to be an efficient green agent for combined multi-decontamination, thus prolonging the food storage and shelf life. It does not cause/produce adverse effects on food quality.","PeriodicalId":12412,"journal":{"name":"Food and Public Health","volume":"11 1","pages":"51-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88652912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-01DOI: 10.5923/j.fph.20170701.03
C. Soares, F. Dahlke, D. P. Netto, V. Scussel
Chicken (Gallusgallusdomesticus L.) cuts yield of wing (drummette / middle joint / tip), breast (fillet / tenderloin) and leg (drumstick / thigh / feet) of two specific hybrids (Cobb 500 Slow - CB-Slow and Hubbard Flex - HB-Flex) were evaluated. A total of 150 birds of each hybrid (grown in separate sheds under same management) were utilized for the study. The trials were carried out under randomly design with 24 replicated for each lineage. From the data obtained it was observed that the cuts yield of CB-Slow birds was higher for breast when compared to HB-Flex. On the other hand, the HB-Flex birds had higher cut yields for leg (drumstick - meat & bone) and wing(drummette / middle joint / tip). Yields for tenderloin, breastbone and upperdrumstick (meat) both hybrids did not show significant differences. The knowledge of specific chicken hybrid cuts differences, enables more accurate choices that best fits the consumer’s market needs.
{"title":"Chicken ( Gallus gallus domesticus L.) Cuts Yield Specifics of Cobb 500 Slow and Hubbard Flex Hybrids","authors":"C. Soares, F. Dahlke, D. P. Netto, V. Scussel","doi":"10.5923/j.fph.20170701.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/j.fph.20170701.03","url":null,"abstract":"Chicken (Gallusgallusdomesticus L.) cuts yield of wing (drummette / middle joint / tip), breast (fillet / tenderloin) and leg (drumstick / thigh / feet) of two specific hybrids (Cobb 500 Slow - CB-Slow and Hubbard Flex - HB-Flex) were evaluated. A total of 150 birds of each hybrid (grown in separate sheds under same management) were utilized for the study. The trials were carried out under randomly design with 24 replicated for each lineage. From the data obtained it was observed that the cuts yield of CB-Slow birds was higher for breast when compared to HB-Flex. On the other hand, the HB-Flex birds had higher cut yields for leg (drumstick - meat & bone) and wing(drummette / middle joint / tip). Yields for tenderloin, breastbone and upperdrumstick (meat) both hybrids did not show significant differences. The knowledge of specific chicken hybrid cuts differences, enables more accurate choices that best fits the consumer’s market needs.","PeriodicalId":12412,"journal":{"name":"Food and Public Health","volume":"24 1","pages":"23-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75480090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-01DOI: 10.5923/J.FPH.20170701.02
E. Merem, Y. Twumasi, J. Wesley, P. Isokpehi, M. Shenge, S. Fageir, M. Crisler, C. Romorno, A. Hines, G. Hirse, S. Ochai, S. Leggett, E. Nwagboso
Nigeria’s vast areas of land under rice cultivation did not augment self-sufficiency and that prompted a policy shift towards increased local production with some effects. From that, Niger state emerged and remains a major contributor to agricultural productivity in the country. Despite being a major hub with vast acreages and the third largest rice producing state of the nation, it is faced with several sectoral challenges impeding rice farming. Yet very little has been done over the years to assess the trends in local rice production to gauge yield potentials and develop new models for improved decision making capability. Accordingly, this paper adopted a mix-scale technique of descriptive statistics and GIS to analyse changing trends in rice production in Niger state. There is a focus on the issues, temporal profile of agricultural trends especially rice production and other crops, the factors and mapping of selected indices. The result shows that despite notable drops in the 1990s, production and land under rice for Niger state surpassed most of its neighbors in every category from 2006 through 2010. During these periods, Niger state’s land under rice cultivation increased notably as well. The GIS mapping of the trends points to dispersions and changes in land under rice cultivation and production as well as indicators located within the larger agricultural structure coupled with widespread diffusion of fertilizer use in the state. With the changes attributed to post-harvest losses and the lack of storage devices and socio-economic and miscellaneous elements from climate change to others. The paper recommended several remedies including the need for storage and bulk handling devices to open up rice markets, the design of geospatial and land information management systems and constant monitoring of ecosystems adjacent to rice farms.
{"title":"Analyzing Rice Production Issues in the Niger State Area of Nigeria’s Middle Belt","authors":"E. Merem, Y. Twumasi, J. Wesley, P. Isokpehi, M. Shenge, S. Fageir, M. Crisler, C. Romorno, A. Hines, G. Hirse, S. Ochai, S. Leggett, E. Nwagboso","doi":"10.5923/J.FPH.20170701.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.FPH.20170701.02","url":null,"abstract":"Nigeria’s vast areas of land under rice cultivation did not augment self-sufficiency and that prompted a policy shift towards increased local production with some effects. From that, Niger state emerged and remains a major contributor to agricultural productivity in the country. Despite being a major hub with vast acreages and the third largest rice producing state of the nation, it is faced with several sectoral challenges impeding rice farming. Yet very little has been done over the years to assess the trends in local rice production to gauge yield potentials and develop new models for improved decision making capability. Accordingly, this paper adopted a mix-scale technique of descriptive statistics and GIS to analyse changing trends in rice production in Niger state. There is a focus on the issues, temporal profile of agricultural trends especially rice production and other crops, the factors and mapping of selected indices. The result shows that despite notable drops in the 1990s, production and land under rice for Niger state surpassed most of its neighbors in every category from 2006 through 2010. During these periods, Niger state’s land under rice cultivation increased notably as well. The GIS mapping of the trends points to dispersions and changes in land under rice cultivation and production as well as indicators located within the larger agricultural structure coupled with widespread diffusion of fertilizer use in the state. With the changes attributed to post-harvest losses and the lack of storage devices and socio-economic and miscellaneous elements from climate change to others. The paper recommended several remedies including the need for storage and bulk handling devices to open up rice markets, the design of geospatial and land information management systems and constant monitoring of ecosystems adjacent to rice farms.","PeriodicalId":12412,"journal":{"name":"Food and Public Health","volume":"39 1","pages":"7-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89149927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.5923/J.FPH.20160606.02
D. N. Santos, E. Takahashi, A. B. Verde, A. L. Oliveira
Cobia is a fish cultivated worldwide and there are few studies on the potential of their waste, such as the liver, it's rich in oil and active compounds. The objective of this study was to extract cobia liver oil (CLO) using supercritical CO2 under moderate temperature conditions (50, 60 and 70 °C, 250 bar) and characterize the oil (physico-chemical analysis, fatty acids profile and squalene content). The results showed that CLO is rich in MUFA and presented squalene, suggesting that this matrix can be applied in the production of high nutritional value oil.
{"title":"Supercritical Extraction of Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) Liver Oil as a New Source of Squalene","authors":"D. N. Santos, E. Takahashi, A. B. Verde, A. L. Oliveira","doi":"10.5923/J.FPH.20160606.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.FPH.20160606.02","url":null,"abstract":"Cobia is a fish cultivated worldwide and there are few studies on the potential of their waste, such as the liver, it's rich in oil and active compounds. The objective of this study was to extract cobia liver oil (CLO) using supercritical CO2 under moderate temperature conditions (50, 60 and 70 °C, 250 bar) and characterize the oil (physico-chemical analysis, fatty acids profile and squalene content). The results showed that CLO is rich in MUFA and presented squalene, suggesting that this matrix can be applied in the production of high nutritional value oil.","PeriodicalId":12412,"journal":{"name":"Food and Public Health","volume":"86 1","pages":"157-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80875241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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