Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.5923/j.fph.20140402.04
G. Zabot, Moysés N. Moraes, M. Meireles
This paper presents a review of the scientific research studies conducted in the period from 2009 to 2013 at LASEFI (Laboratory of Supercritical Technology: Extraction, Fractionation and Identification of Vegetal Extracts) - Department of Food Engineering (DEA)/School of Food Engineering (FEA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP)/Brazil. The current research projects revolve around the use of supercritical fluids in several areas. One of these projects covers the production and encapsulation of micro- and nano-bioactive compounds using Supercritical Antisolvent (SAS) and Supercritical Fluid Extraction from Emulsions (SFEE) techniques. Another project is focused on obtaining anthocyanins, carotenoids, flavonoids, volatile oils and tocotrienols by applying supercritical technology. The experiments involve the determination of process parameters and the chemical characterization of the extracts. The hydrolysis of agroindustrial co-products using sub/supercritical water + CO2 for sugar production and second generation ethanol production are also performed. Recently, a home-made multipurpose system containing two extractors of 1 L each with different shapes was assembled to evaluate the influence of the bed geometry on the kinetic extraction yields and on the chemical composition of the extracts. In yet another project, online processes that produce and encapsulate vegetal extracts of high added value are coupled with supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of bioactive compounds in continuous mode. These projects are performed using SFE extraction systems equipped with 0.005 L - 5 L extractors, 1 hydrolysis systems containing a 0.05 L reactor and 1 micronization systems containing a 0.65 L reactor. In the past 4 years, 57 articles and over 100 conference papers (full length and abstracts) have been published. A large number of botanic matrices have been selected for study due to their functional properties and their potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
本文介绍了2009年至2013年期间在巴西坎皮纳斯大学食品工程系(DEA)/食品工程学院(FEA) LASEFI(超临界技术实验室:植物提取物的提取、分离和鉴定)进行的科学研究综述。目前的研究项目围绕着超临界流体在几个领域的应用展开。其中一个项目包括使用超临界抗溶剂(SAS)和超临界流体萃取(SFEE)技术生产和封装微纳米生物活性化合物。另一个项目重点是利用超临界技术获得花青素、类胡萝卜素、类黄酮、挥发油和生育三烯醇。实验包括工艺参数的确定和提取物的化学性质。利用亚/超临界水+ CO2水解农工业副产品用于制糖和第二代乙醇生产。最近，组装了一个自制的多用途系统，该系统包含两个不同形状的1 L萃取器，以评估床的几何形状对动力学萃取率和萃取物化学成分的影响。在另一个项目中，生产和封装高附加值植物提取物的在线工艺与连续模式下的超临界流体萃取(SFE)生物活性化合物相结合。这些项目使用配备0.005 L - 5l萃取器的SFE萃取系统，1个包含0.05 L反应器的水解系统和1个包含0.65 L反应器的微粉化系统进行。在过去的四年中，发表了57篇论文和100多篇会议论文(全文和摘要)。由于植物基质的功能特性及其在食品和制药工业中的潜在应用，大量的植物基质被选择用于研究。
{"title":"Supercritical Technology Applied to the Production of Bioactive Compounds: Research Studies Conducted at LASEFI from 2009 to 2013","authors":"G. Zabot, Moysés N. Moraes, M. Meireles","doi":"10.5923/j.fph.20140402.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/j.fph.20140402.04","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a review of the scientific research studies conducted in the period from 2009 to 2013 at LASEFI (Laboratory of Supercritical Technology: Extraction, Fractionation and Identification of Vegetal Extracts) - Department of Food Engineering (DEA)/School of Food Engineering (FEA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP)/Brazil. The current research projects revolve around the use of supercritical fluids in several areas. One of these projects covers the production and encapsulation of micro- and nano-bioactive compounds using Supercritical Antisolvent (SAS) and Supercritical Fluid Extraction from Emulsions (SFEE) techniques. Another project is focused on obtaining anthocyanins, carotenoids, flavonoids, volatile oils and tocotrienols by applying supercritical technology. The experiments involve the determination of process parameters and the chemical characterization of the extracts. The hydrolysis of agroindustrial co-products using sub/supercritical water + CO2 for sugar production and second generation ethanol production are also performed. Recently, a home-made multipurpose system containing two extractors of 1 L each with different shapes was assembled to evaluate the influence of the bed geometry on the kinetic extraction yields and on the chemical composition of the extracts. In yet another project, online processes that produce and encapsulate vegetal extracts of high added value are coupled with supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of bioactive compounds in continuous mode. These projects are performed using SFE extraction systems equipped with 0.005 L - 5 L extractors, 1 hydrolysis systems containing a 0.05 L reactor and 1 micronization systems containing a 0.65 L reactor. In the past 4 years, 57 articles and over 100 conference papers (full length and abstracts) have been published. A large number of botanic matrices have been selected for study due to their functional properties and their potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.","PeriodicalId":12412,"journal":{"name":"Food and Public Health","volume":"76 1","pages":"36-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78044715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.5923/J.FPH.20140406.08
I. Monney, D. Agyei, Badzi Saviour Ewoenam, Campaore Priscilla, Stephen Nyaw
This cross sectional study assesses compliance with eight food hygiene and safety principles among 200 randomly selected food vendors in two study locations in Ghana; Bibiani and Dormaa Ahenkro. Compliance levels were ranked according to a 5-point Likert scale based on calculated compliance scores. It also examines existing institutional and legislative framework for regulating the activities of food vendors in Ghana. Data collection was based primarily on extensive field observation and complemented by face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires and in-depth interview with an experienced health official. The study observed a marginally good (overall compliance (OC) score = 0.67, on a 0 to 1scale) compliance with the food hygiene and safety principles with clear disparities between the two study areas: compliance at Dormaa-Ahenkro was relatively higher (OC-score = 0.71) than Bibiani (OC-score = 0.62). The pattern of compliance levels depicts very good compliance with medical screening (C-score = 0.91) but poor compliance with use of protective clothing (C-score=0.38). Statistically significant associations (p<0.05) were observed between majority (80%) of the food hygiene and safety principles and the study areas. The study identified weak institutional capacities; logistical constraints; overlapping and duplicated institutional responsibilities; inconsistent local bye-laws as key features of existing institutions and legislations, and proposes capacity building and harmonisation of institutional roles and legislations.
{"title":"Food hygiene and Safety Practices among Street Food Vendors: An Assessment of Compliance, Institutional and Legislative Framework in Ghana","authors":"I. Monney, D. Agyei, Badzi Saviour Ewoenam, Campaore Priscilla, Stephen Nyaw","doi":"10.5923/J.FPH.20140406.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.FPH.20140406.08","url":null,"abstract":"This cross sectional study assesses compliance with eight food hygiene and safety principles among 200 randomly selected food vendors in two study locations in Ghana; Bibiani and Dormaa Ahenkro. Compliance levels were ranked according to a 5-point Likert scale based on calculated compliance scores. It also examines existing institutional and legislative framework for regulating the activities of food vendors in Ghana. Data collection was based primarily on extensive field observation and complemented by face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires and in-depth interview with an experienced health official. The study observed a marginally good (overall compliance (OC) score = 0.67, on a 0 to 1scale) compliance with the food hygiene and safety principles with clear disparities between the two study areas: compliance at Dormaa-Ahenkro was relatively higher (OC-score = 0.71) than Bibiani (OC-score = 0.62). The pattern of compliance levels depicts very good compliance with medical screening (C-score = 0.91) but poor compliance with use of protective clothing (C-score=0.38). Statistically significant associations (p<0.05) were observed between majority (80%) of the food hygiene and safety principles and the study areas. The study identified weak institutional capacities; logistical constraints; overlapping and duplicated institutional responsibilities; inconsistent local bye-laws as key features of existing institutions and legislations, and proposes capacity building and harmonisation of institutional roles and legislations.","PeriodicalId":12412,"journal":{"name":"Food and Public Health","volume":"34 1","pages":"306-315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86377534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.5923/j.fph.20140405.04
Á. L. Santana, M. Meireles
Starch is widely consumed by humans as an inexpensive and stable available carbohydrate source, and much work has been performed on the structure, functionality and applicability of starches. Although conventional sources of starch, such as corn and potato, other sources with improved properties are becoming significant to allow simpler and more robust processes. The feasibility of the use of new starches, i.e., legume, seed and palm, as renewable materials for commercial application may provide cost reduction of raw material in industries. Little information is available on the structure, properties and practical applicability of non-conventional sources of starch. Thus, it is necessary that these starches be studied to obtain and report their structural parameters, information that is required to gain competitiveness in an international-scale industry. A review of properties, applications, future trends and perspectives of some new starches is presented in this review.
{"title":"New starches are the trend for industry applications: a review.","authors":"Á. L. Santana, M. Meireles","doi":"10.5923/j.fph.20140405.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/j.fph.20140405.04","url":null,"abstract":"Starch is widely consumed by humans as an inexpensive and stable available carbohydrate source, and much work has been performed on the structure, functionality and applicability of starches. Although conventional sources of starch, such as corn and potato, other sources with improved properties are becoming significant to allow simpler and more robust processes. The feasibility of the use of new starches, i.e., legume, seed and palm, as renewable materials for commercial application may provide cost reduction of raw material in industries. Little information is available on the structure, properties and practical applicability of non-conventional sources of starch. Thus, it is necessary that these starches be studied to obtain and report their structural parameters, information that is required to gain competitiveness in an international-scale industry. A review of properties, applications, future trends and perspectives of some new starches is presented in this review.","PeriodicalId":12412,"journal":{"name":"Food and Public Health","volume":"20 1","pages":"229-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84645127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.5923/j.fph.20140402.08
I. C. Debien, M. Meireles
Ecdysteroids have been found in a variety of plants and have several valuable biological properties. Beta-ecdysone is the major biologically active ecdysteroid that can be isolated from Pfaffia glomerata roots. Pfaffia glomerata is a medicinal plant known in Brazil as "Brazilian ginseng," and this plant has been used as a substitute for "Asian" ginseng due their similar morphologies and bioactive properties. In this work, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) using carbon dioxide (CO2) was used to obtain beta-ecdysone-rich extracts from Brazilian ginseng roots. The effects of pressure (20 and 30 MPa) and cosolvent amount (10, 15, 75 and 90% of Ethanol, EtOH) on the behavior of the overall extraction curve (OEC) and beta-ecdysone content were studied. Larger amounts of beta-ecdysone were obtained in shorter processing times using CO2: EtOH (85:15, v/v) as the extracting solvent at 20 MPa. Higher amounts of EtOH in the solvent mixture leads to increased extraction yield as well as increased beta-ecdysone content.
{"title":"Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Beta-ecdysone from Brazilian Ginseng (Pfaffia glomerata) Roots","authors":"I. C. Debien, M. Meireles","doi":"10.5923/j.fph.20140402.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/j.fph.20140402.08","url":null,"abstract":"Ecdysteroids have been found in a variety of plants and have several valuable biological properties. Beta-ecdysone is the major biologically active ecdysteroid that can be isolated from Pfaffia glomerata roots. Pfaffia glomerata is a medicinal plant known in Brazil as \"Brazilian ginseng,\" and this plant has been used as a substitute for \"Asian\" ginseng due their similar morphologies and bioactive properties. In this work, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) using carbon dioxide (CO2) was used to obtain beta-ecdysone-rich extracts from Brazilian ginseng roots. The effects of pressure (20 and 30 MPa) and cosolvent amount (10, 15, 75 and 90% of Ethanol, EtOH) on the behavior of the overall extraction curve (OEC) and beta-ecdysone content were studied. Larger amounts of beta-ecdysone were obtained in shorter processing times using CO2: EtOH (85:15, v/v) as the extracting solvent at 20 MPa. Higher amounts of EtOH in the solvent mixture leads to increased extraction yield as well as increased beta-ecdysone content.","PeriodicalId":12412,"journal":{"name":"Food and Public Health","volume":"2016 1","pages":"67-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88658498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.5923/j.fph.20140403.11
Moysés N. Moraes, G. Zabot, A. Angela
Latin America possesses expansive natural resources, which has attracted scientists from several areas to study means of improving the use of these resources. Supercritical fluids have been used for such purposes in many technological applications. Therefore, this paper provides an overview of Latin America scientific findings on supercritical technologies. Web of Science and Scopus were used as reference databases to search for information dated from 2004-2013. The Latin-American studies were classified into 6 main areas: extraction & mathematical modeling (57%), emerging applications (15%), thermodynamics & fundamentals (9%), reviews & perspectives (8%), reactions in supercritical media (7%) and analytical applications (4%). A compilation of scientific documents from 1994-2003 indicates that supercritical technology has progress greatly over the last 10 years in the major scientific countries in Latin America, such as Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Mexico and Colombia. These advances are associated with the development of new research subjects. Emerging applications, such as micronization and the encapsulation of nanoparticles, adsorption processes, gas sensors development, power generation and bioresidue hydrolyzation, are reported.
拉丁美洲拥有广阔的自然资源，这吸引了来自几个领域的科学家来研究改善这些资源利用的方法。超临界流体已在许多技术应用中用于这一目的。因此，本文概述了拉丁美洲在超临界技术方面的科学发现。使用Web of Science和Scopus作为参考数据库检索2004-2013年的信息。拉丁美洲的研究被分为6个主要领域:萃取和数学建模(57%)、新兴应用(15%)、热力学和基础(9%)、评论和观点(8%)、超临界介质中的反应(7%)和分析应用(4%)。1994-2003年的科学文献汇编表明，在过去10年中，超临界技术在拉丁美洲的主要科学国家，如巴西、阿根廷、智利、墨西哥和哥伦比亚取得了很大的进步。这些进步与新研究课题的发展有关。新兴的应用，如微粉化和纳米颗粒的封装，吸附过程，气体传感器的开发，发电和生物残留物水解，报告。
{"title":"Applications of Supercritical Fluids in Latin America: Past, Present and Future Trends","authors":"Moysés N. Moraes, G. Zabot, A. Angela","doi":"10.5923/j.fph.20140403.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/j.fph.20140403.11","url":null,"abstract":"Latin America possesses expansive natural resources, which has attracted scientists from several areas to study means of improving the use of these resources. Supercritical fluids have been used for such purposes in many technological applications. Therefore, this paper provides an overview of Latin America scientific findings on supercritical technologies. Web of Science and Scopus were used as reference databases to search for information dated from 2004-2013. The Latin-American studies were classified into 6 main areas: extraction & mathematical modeling (57%), emerging applications (15%), thermodynamics & fundamentals (9%), reviews & perspectives (8%), reactions in supercritical media (7%) and analytical applications (4%). A compilation of scientific documents from 1994-2003 indicates that supercritical technology has progress greatly over the last 10 years in the major scientific countries in Latin America, such as Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Mexico and Colombia. These advances are associated with the development of new research subjects. Emerging applications, such as micronization and the encapsulation of nanoparticles, adsorption processes, gas sensors development, power generation and bioresidue hydrolyzation, are reported.","PeriodicalId":12412,"journal":{"name":"Food and Public Health","volume":"15 1","pages":"162-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84390165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.5923/j.fph.20140405.06
E. K. Silva, M. Meireles
The application of supercritical technologies as an alternative to conventional methods for encapsulating food compounds is an area of research that can lead to significant innovations in various segments of industrial food processing. The existing supercritical techniques are classified as follows according to the function of the supercritical fluid used in the process: solvent; antisolvent; cosolvent or solute; nebulization compound; extractor and antisolvent techniques. Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) is the substance most widely used for obtaining micro/nanoparticles due to its unique characteristics, and among the existing encapsulation supercritical techniques, those using scCO2 as the antisolvent are more likely to be successful because food compounds are generally less soluble or even insoluble in scCO2. In this context, this review presents and discusses the applications of supercritical processes using scCO2 as the antisolvent for the encapsulation of substances of interest to the food industry.
{"title":"Encapsulation of Food Compounds Using Supercritical Technologies: Applications of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as an Antisolvent","authors":"E. K. Silva, M. Meireles","doi":"10.5923/j.fph.20140405.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/j.fph.20140405.06","url":null,"abstract":"The application of supercritical technologies as an alternative to conventional methods for encapsulating food compounds is an area of research that can lead to significant innovations in various segments of industrial food processing. The existing supercritical techniques are classified as follows according to the function of the supercritical fluid used in the process: solvent; antisolvent; cosolvent or solute; nebulization compound; extractor and antisolvent techniques. Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) is the substance most widely used for obtaining micro/nanoparticles due to its unique characteristics, and among the existing encapsulation supercritical techniques, those using scCO2 as the antisolvent are more likely to be successful because food compounds are generally less soluble or even insoluble in scCO2. In this context, this review presents and discusses the applications of supercritical processes using scCO2 as the antisolvent for the encapsulation of substances of interest to the food industry.","PeriodicalId":12412,"journal":{"name":"Food and Public Health","volume":"2 1","pages":"247-258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84258526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.5923/j.fph.20130304.05
S. P. Jesus, M. N. Calheiros, H. Hense, M. Meireles
The mathematical modeling of the overall extraction curve (OEC) was performed using experimental data of supercritical flu id extraction (SFE) fro m a byproduct of the rice bran oil (RBO) industry. The soapstock derived fro m the RBO deacidification process was used as raw material because it contains a significant amount of γ-ory zanol, wh ich is a valuable natural antio xidant. The main goal of this work was to describe the OEC by a simplified model using the kinetic data obtained for the SFE fro m rice bran oil soapstock (RBOS). The global y ield isotherms (GYI) were used to select the best operational conditions (temperature and pressure) based on the extract ion yield and the γ-oryzanol content of the obtained extract. The OEC was fitted to four simplified models and the kinetic parameters which characterize the constant extraction rate (CER) were estimated. The highest values for the extraction yield (12.5 %, w/w), the γ-oryzanol content (16 %, w/w), and the γ-ory zanol recovery rate (55 %, w/ w) were found at 30 M Pa/333K. The proposed spline model presented the best fit to experimental data and quantitatively described the OEC. The estimated time span of the CER period (tCER) was 70 min and the corresponding solvent to feed (S/F) ratio and extraction yield were 23 and 9.4 %, respectively.
利用米糠油(RBO)工业副产物超临界流体萃取(SFE)的实验数据，建立了总萃取曲线(OEC)的数学模型。皂脚派生从RBO脱氧过程作为原料,因为它包含大量的γory zanol, wh我是一个有价值的自然antio xidant。本文的主要目的是利用从米糠油皂料(RBOS)中获得的SFE动力学数据，用简化模型描述OEC。根据提取液的离子产率和γ-稻谷醇含量，采用全局y场等温线(GYI)选择最佳操作条件(温度和压力)。对四种简化模型进行了拟合，并对表征恒萃取率的动力学参数进行了估计。提取率最高的值(12.5%,w / w)的γ-谷维素含量(16%,w / w)和γory zanol回收率(55%,w / w)被发现在30 M Pa / 333 k。所提出的样条模型与实验数据拟合最佳，并能定量描述OEC。结果表明，萃取时间(tCER)为70 min，溶剂料比(S/F)为23%，萃取率为9.4%。
{"title":"A simplified model to describe the kinetic behavior of supercritical fluid extraction from a rice bran oil byproduct.","authors":"S. P. Jesus, M. N. Calheiros, H. Hense, M. Meireles","doi":"10.5923/j.fph.20130304.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/j.fph.20130304.05","url":null,"abstract":"The mathematical modeling of the overall extraction curve (OEC) was performed using experimental data of supercritical flu id extraction (SFE) fro m a byproduct of the rice bran oil (RBO) industry. The soapstock derived fro m the RBO deacidification process was used as raw material because it contains a significant amount of γ-ory zanol, wh ich is a valuable natural antio xidant. The main goal of this work was to describe the OEC by a simplified model using the kinetic data obtained for the SFE fro m rice bran oil soapstock (RBOS). The global y ield isotherms (GYI) were used to select the best operational conditions (temperature and pressure) based on the extract ion yield and the γ-oryzanol content of the obtained extract. The OEC was fitted to four simplified models and the kinetic parameters which characterize the constant extraction rate (CER) were estimated. The highest values for the extraction yield (12.5 %, w/w), the γ-oryzanol content (16 %, w/w), and the γ-ory zanol recovery rate (55 %, w/ w) were found at 30 M Pa/333K. The proposed spline model presented the best fit to experimental data and quantitatively described the OEC. The estimated time span of the CER period (tCER) was 70 min and the corresponding solvent to feed (S/F) ratio and extraction yield were 23 and 9.4 %, respectively.","PeriodicalId":12412,"journal":{"name":"Food and Public Health","volume":"65 1","pages":"215-222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80360157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.5923/J.FPH.20130306.03
Euloge Y. Kpoclou, V. Anihouvi, P. Azokpota, M. Soumanou, G. Daube, C. Douny, F. Brose, M. Scippo, D. Hounhouigan
Entire Smoked Shrimp (ESS) and Smo ked Shrimp Powder (SSP) are two food condiments widely used in Beninese local cooking practices. Twelve samples of each product collected fro m local markets were evaluated for safety assessment using standard methods. Regarding the microb iological status of the samples, the Enterobacteriaceae were detected in 83% and 75% of ESS and SSP respectively, whereas 25% of samples of each product were found to contain E. coli. Pathogenic bacteria such as S. aureus and Salmonella were absent. Except 8% and 17% of SSP sample exceeding the maximal limit o f 10 6 UFC/g for Aerobic Mesophilic Bacteria and 10 4 UFC/g Enterobacteriaceae respectively, all the other samples were within the acceptable limits. Water activ ity values were low, ranging between 0.54±0.01 for SSP and 0.61±0.01 for ESS, showing a potential microbial stability. Considering the chemical hazards, 15 EU priority polycyclic aro mat ic hydrocarbon (PAHs) were detected in the samp les examined with median Benzo(a) pyrene and PAH4 contents (91 μg kg -1 and 490 μg kg -1 respectively) exceeding the European maximal limit (5.0 μg kg -1 and 30 μg kg -1 ). This study showed that smoked shrimps may be generally safe fro m a microbiolog ical point of view, but they constitute a large source of exposure to possible carcinogenic PAHs.
烟熏虾(ESS)和烟熏虾粉(SSP)是贝宁当地烹饪中广泛使用的两种食品调味品。从本地市场收集的每种产品的12个样本采用标准方法进行安全评估。在样品的微生物学状况方面，在ESS和SSP中分别检测到83%和75%的肠杆菌科，而在每种产品的样品中检测到25%的大肠杆菌。未见金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌等致病菌。除好氧中温菌和肠杆菌科样品中有8%和17%的样品分别超过106 UFC/g和104 UFC/g的最大限值外，其余样品均在可接受范围内。水活度值较低，SSP为0.54±0.01,ESS为0.61±0.01，显示出潜在的微生物稳定性。在化学危害方面，检出15种欧盟重点多环芳烃(PAHs)，其中苯并(a)芘和PAH4的中位含量(分别为91 μg kg -1和490 μg kg -1)超过欧盟最高限量(5.0 μg kg -1和30 μg kg -1)。这项研究表明，从微生物的角度来看，烟熏虾通常是安全的，但它们构成了可能致癌的多环芳烃的主要暴露来源。
{"title":"Microbiological and Physico-Chemical Quality of Smoked Shrimp, An Expanding Food Condiment in Beninese Local Markets","authors":"Euloge Y. Kpoclou, V. Anihouvi, P. Azokpota, M. Soumanou, G. Daube, C. Douny, F. Brose, M. Scippo, D. Hounhouigan","doi":"10.5923/J.FPH.20130306.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.FPH.20130306.03","url":null,"abstract":"Entire Smoked Shrimp (ESS) and Smo ked Shrimp Powder (SSP) are two food condiments widely used in Beninese local cooking practices. Twelve samples of each product collected fro m local markets were evaluated for safety assessment using standard methods. Regarding the microb iological status of the samples, the Enterobacteriaceae were detected in 83% and 75% of ESS and SSP respectively, whereas 25% of samples of each product were found to contain E. coli. Pathogenic bacteria such as S. aureus and Salmonella were absent. Except 8% and 17% of SSP sample exceeding the maximal limit o f 10 6 UFC/g for Aerobic Mesophilic Bacteria and 10 4 UFC/g Enterobacteriaceae respectively, all the other samples were within the acceptable limits. Water activ ity values were low, ranging between 0.54±0.01 for SSP and 0.61±0.01 for ESS, showing a potential microbial stability. Considering the chemical hazards, 15 EU priority polycyclic aro mat ic hydrocarbon (PAHs) were detected in the samp les examined with median Benzo(a) pyrene and PAH4 contents (91 μg kg -1 and 490 μg kg -1 respectively) exceeding the European maximal limit (5.0 μg kg -1 and 30 μg kg -1 ). This study showed that smoked shrimps may be generally safe fro m a microbiolog ical point of view, but they constitute a large source of exposure to possible carcinogenic PAHs.","PeriodicalId":12412,"journal":{"name":"Food and Public Health","volume":"9 1","pages":"277-283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88443363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.5923/j.fph.20130301.02
D. Santos, R. N. Cavalcanti, M. Rostagno, C. Queiroga, M. Eberlin, M. Angela, A. Meireles
In this work, the feasibility of using ultrasound alone and in combination with other techniques for the extraction of polyphenols and anthocyanins from jambul (Syzygiu mcu mini) peels was evaluated. The results were compared with conventional techniques (agitated bed and So xh let ext raction techniques) based on total extract y ields, total phenolic and monomeric anthocyanin concentrations in the extracts and the relative yields of these compounds. Ultrasound-assisted extract ion was more efficient and selective for the ext raction of anthocyanins than both conventional methods. When a combination of ultrasound and agitated bed extraction was used, a significant increase in total yields, and both polyphenol and anthocyanin concentrations was achieved. Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry analysis indicated that diglycosideanthocyanins (cyanidin-3,5-dig lycoside, peonidin-3,5-dig lycoside, delphinidin-3,5-d iglycoside, petunidin-3,5-diglycoside and malvidin-3,5-diglycoside) were the main polyphenols present in the samples.
{"title":"Extraction of Polyphenols and Anthocyanins from the Jambul (Syzygium cumini) Fruit Peels","authors":"D. Santos, R. N. Cavalcanti, M. Rostagno, C. Queiroga, M. Eberlin, M. Angela, A. Meireles","doi":"10.5923/j.fph.20130301.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/j.fph.20130301.02","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the feasibility of using ultrasound alone and in combination with other techniques for the extraction of polyphenols and anthocyanins from jambul (Syzygiu mcu mini) peels was evaluated. The results were compared with conventional techniques (agitated bed and So xh let ext raction techniques) based on total extract y ields, total phenolic and monomeric anthocyanin concentrations in the extracts and the relative yields of these compounds. Ultrasound-assisted extract ion was more efficient and selective for the ext raction of anthocyanins than both conventional methods. When a combination of ultrasound and agitated bed extraction was used, a significant increase in total yields, and both polyphenol and anthocyanin concentrations was achieved. Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry analysis indicated that diglycosideanthocyanins (cyanidin-3,5-dig lycoside, peonidin-3,5-dig lycoside, delphinidin-3,5-d iglycoside, petunidin-3,5-diglycoside and malvidin-3,5-diglycoside) were the main polyphenols present in the samples.","PeriodicalId":12412,"journal":{"name":"Food and Public Health","volume":"27 1","pages":"12-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88227025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.5923/j.fph.20130304.04
Moysés N. Moraes, G. Zabot, J. M. Prado, M. Meireles
Botanic matrices are abundant sources of antioxidants which have the capacity to avoid the lipid o xidation of food and present remarkab le health benefits. The natural antioxidants might be obtained applying many extraction techniques. Satisfactory results of obtaining extracts with antio xidant properties and high yields using modern extraction techniques are shown by recent studies. The selection of the suitable technique depends on the desired class of substances to be extracted. In this overview, the advances reached in scientific researches involving natural antio xidants are presented. The advantages and potential applicat ions of four novel ext raction techniques: Supercritical Flu id Ext raction, Pressurized Liquid Extraction, M icro wave Assisted Extraction and Ultrasound Assisted Extraction are discussed, considering the characteristics of the target compounds. These techniques reduce the solvent consumption and abridge the extraction time. Consequently, the process productivity is increased.
{"title":"Obtaining antioxidants from botanic matrices applying novel extraction techniques.","authors":"Moysés N. Moraes, G. Zabot, J. M. Prado, M. Meireles","doi":"10.5923/j.fph.20130304.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/j.fph.20130304.04","url":null,"abstract":"Botanic matrices are abundant sources of antioxidants which have the capacity to avoid the lipid o xidation of food and present remarkab le health benefits. The natural antioxidants might be obtained applying many extraction techniques. Satisfactory results of obtaining extracts with antio xidant properties and high yields using modern extraction techniques are shown by recent studies. The selection of the suitable technique depends on the desired class of substances to be extracted. In this overview, the advances reached in scientific researches involving natural antio xidants are presented. The advantages and potential applicat ions of four novel ext raction techniques: Supercritical Flu id Ext raction, Pressurized Liquid Extraction, M icro wave Assisted Extraction and Ultrasound Assisted Extraction are discussed, considering the characteristics of the target compounds. These techniques reduce the solvent consumption and abridge the extraction time. Consequently, the process productivity is increased.","PeriodicalId":12412,"journal":{"name":"Food and Public Health","volume":"12 3 1","pages":"195-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82612603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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