Megan C. Jones, Emily C Freeth, K. Hennessy‐Priest, R. Costa
A comprehensive nutritional assessment was conducted on Celebrity Chefs recipes, with co mparison against national healthy eating guidelines. Food preparation recipes (n=904), covering a wide range of meal types, fro m 26 dominant British based Celebrity Chefs were rando mly sampled fro m literature and web sources. Recipes were blindly analysed through dietary analysis software by three trained d ietetic researchers (CV 6.9%). The nutrit ional value of each recipe was co mpared against national healthy eating benchmark guidelines using a healthy eating index (HEI). Overall average energy, protein, total carbohydrate and total fat per suggested portion was 2.3MJ, 25g, 44g and 31g, respectively; with d ifferences observed between Celebrity Chefs (P<0.001). The overall average recipe co mposition of n=22 Celebrity Chefs presented high fat, n=24 high SFA, n=17 high sugars and n=7 high salt content. Negative HEI was observed in 87% of recipes. Male and British originated Celebrity Chefs presented higher nutritional variables than Female (P<0.001) and International originated (P<0.001) Celebrity Chefs, respectively. The nutritional values of Brit ish based Celebrity Chefs recipes, in adjunct with their likely influence on food preparation habits of the public, suggest Celebrity Chefs are a likely hidden contributing factor to Britain's obesity epidemic and its associated public health issues.
{"title":"A Systematic Cross-Sectional Analysis of British Based Celebrity Chefs’ Recipes: Is There Cause for Public Health Concern?","authors":"Megan C. Jones, Emily C Freeth, K. Hennessy‐Priest, R. Costa","doi":"10.5923/FPH.20130302.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/FPH.20130302.04","url":null,"abstract":"A comprehensive nutritional assessment was conducted on Celebrity Chefs recipes, with co mparison against national healthy eating guidelines. Food preparation recipes (n=904), covering a wide range of meal types, fro m 26 dominant British based Celebrity Chefs were rando mly sampled fro m literature and web sources. Recipes were blindly analysed through dietary analysis software by three trained d ietetic researchers (CV 6.9%). The nutrit ional value of each recipe was co mpared against national healthy eating benchmark guidelines using a healthy eating index (HEI). Overall average energy, protein, total carbohydrate and total fat per suggested portion was 2.3MJ, 25g, 44g and 31g, respectively; with d ifferences observed between Celebrity Chefs (P<0.001). The overall average recipe co mposition of n=22 Celebrity Chefs presented high fat, n=24 high SFA, n=17 high sugars and n=7 high salt content. Negative HEI was observed in 87% of recipes. Male and British originated Celebrity Chefs presented higher nutritional variables than Female (P<0.001) and International originated (P<0.001) Celebrity Chefs, respectively. The nutritional values of Brit ish based Celebrity Chefs recipes, in adjunct with their likely influence on food preparation habits of the public, suggest Celebrity Chefs are a likely hidden contributing factor to Britain's obesity epidemic and its associated public health issues.","PeriodicalId":12412,"journal":{"name":"Food and Public Health","volume":"18 1","pages":"100-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88088142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.5923/J.FPH.20130306.02
P. Kim, G. Degand, C. Douny, G. Pierret, P. Delahaut, T. V. Dinh, B. Granier, M. Scippo
The presence of antibacterial in 97 pork and 83 chicken meat samples, rando mly collected fro m 3 different representative provinces (Hanoi, Hai Duong and Thai Binh) of the Red River Delta, was determined by a screening step using in parallel 2 microbiological methods (Premi ® -test and New Two Plate Test). In total, 27% of all samples displayed a positive response in at least one of both tests, from which 11 (13% of chicken samples) are ch icken samples and 38 (39% of pork samples) are pork samples. The 33 samples fro m the Thai Binh which were screened positive were then submitted to post-screening tests specific for tetracyclines and (fluoro) quinolones (Tetrasensor ® dipstick for tetracyclines and an ELISA for quinolones), two groups of antibiotics widely used in animal production in this region, and confirmed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Tetracyclines and (fluoro)quinolones residues were found, using a post screening test, in 23 and 5 samp les, respectively. Ten (all pork) and 4 samples (1 pork, 3 chicken) were confirmed containing tetracyclines (chlortetracycline, o xytetracycline, tetracycline, do xycycline) and (fluoro) quinolones (nalidixic acid, enroflo xacin and ciproflo xacin) respectively, fro m which 1 and 3 pork samples were found to contain enrofloxacin and tetracycline residues , respectively, with a concentration higher than their respective MRLs. This study shows the good performance of the proposed strategy to identify non-co mpliant meat samples (microbiological screening, tetracyclines and quinolones targeted post-screening and confirmation), which allows to obtain conclusive results in 82% of the cases.
从越南红河三角洲3个代表性省份(河内、海阳和泰平)随机抽取97份猪肉和83份鸡肉样品，采用两种微生物学方法(Premi®-test和New Two Plate Test)进行筛选。总共有27%的样品在两种测试中至少有一种表现出积极反应，其中11种(13%的鸡肉样品)是鸡肉样品，38种(39%的猪肉样品)是猪肉样品。筛选阳性的33份Thai Binh样品随后提交进行四环素和(氟)喹诺酮类抗生素特异性筛选后试验(四环素的tetrassensor®试纸和喹诺酮类的ELISA)，这两组抗生素在该地区广泛用于动物生产，并通过液相色谱-质谱联用法确认。通过筛选后试验，分别在23份和5份样品中发现了四环素和(氟)喹诺酮类药物残留。10份(全部猪肉)和4份(1份猪肉，3份鸡肉)分别检出四环素类药物(氯四环素、六环素、四环素、六环素)和(氟)喹诺酮类药物(萘啶酸、恩诺沙星和环丙沙星)，其中1份猪肉和3份猪肉样品分别检出恩诺沙星和四环素残留，其浓度均高于各自的最大限量。本研究表明，所提出的识别非相容性肉类样品的策略(微生物筛选，四环素和喹诺酮类靶向后筛选和确认)具有良好的性能，可以在82%的病例中获得结结性结果。
{"title":"Preliminary evaluation of antimicrobial residue levels in marketed pork and chicken meat in the Red River Delta region of Vietnam.","authors":"P. Kim, G. Degand, C. Douny, G. Pierret, P. Delahaut, T. V. Dinh, B. Granier, M. Scippo","doi":"10.5923/J.FPH.20130306.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.FPH.20130306.02","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of antibacterial in 97 pork and 83 chicken meat samples, rando mly collected fro m 3 different representative provinces (Hanoi, Hai Duong and Thai Binh) of the Red River Delta, was determined by a screening step using in parallel 2 microbiological methods (Premi ® -test and New Two Plate Test). In total, 27% of all samples displayed a positive response in at least one of both tests, from which 11 (13% of chicken samples) are ch icken samples and 38 (39% of pork samples) are pork samples. The 33 samples fro m the Thai Binh which were screened positive were then submitted to post-screening tests specific for tetracyclines and (fluoro) quinolones (Tetrasensor ® dipstick for tetracyclines and an ELISA for quinolones), two groups of antibiotics widely used in animal production in this region, and confirmed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Tetracyclines and (fluoro)quinolones residues were found, using a post screening test, in 23 and 5 samp les, respectively. Ten (all pork) and 4 samples (1 pork, 3 chicken) were confirmed containing tetracyclines (chlortetracycline, o xytetracycline, tetracycline, do xycycline) and (fluoro) quinolones (nalidixic acid, enroflo xacin and ciproflo xacin) respectively, fro m which 1 and 3 pork samples were found to contain enrofloxacin and tetracycline residues , respectively, with a concentration higher than their respective MRLs. This study shows the good performance of the proposed strategy to identify non-co mpliant meat samples (microbiological screening, tetracyclines and quinolones targeted post-screening and confirmation), which allows to obtain conclusive results in 82% of the cases.","PeriodicalId":12412,"journal":{"name":"Food and Public Health","volume":"13 1","pages":"267-276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80766608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.5923/J.FPH.20130303.06
A. Santhakumar, Nicolette Fozzard, A. Perkins, I. Singh
Several studies have shown the deleterious effects of energy drinks, containing taurine and caffeine, on cardiac health. This study aimed to examine synergistic effect of taurine and caffeine on p latelets and haemostasis because platelet hyperactivity is a known predictor of cardiovascular diseases. Blood fro m t welve healthy volunteers aged 18 - 60 years was incubated with 500 µM taurine and 700 µM caffeine indiv idually or together. Platelet activity was evaluated using platelet aggregation assays induced by ADP and collagen, and, haemostatic function by coagulation profile testing, glucose, lipid profile and inflammat ion marker C- reactive protein assessment (CRP). The optimal time and doses of taurine and caffeine required to inhib it platelet hyperactivity in vitro were established. A comb ined action of lower doses of taurine and caffeine (T+C) inhibited platelet aggregation, induced by ADP and collagen, greater than taurine or caffeine individually (p < 0.05). Taurine and T+C increased prothrombin clotting time (PT) significantly (p < 0.05), wh ile caffeine alone decreased PT (p < 0.05). Caffeine alone increased CRP (p < 0.05). No significant change was observed in lip id parameters. These data support our hypothesis that, synergistically lower concentrations of taurine and caffeine, found in much h igher concentrations in energy drinks, may be instrumental in reducing platelet activ ity and prolongation of clot format ion.
{"title":"The Synergistic Effect of Taurine and Caffeine on Platelet Activity and Hemostatic Function","authors":"A. Santhakumar, Nicolette Fozzard, A. Perkins, I. Singh","doi":"10.5923/J.FPH.20130303.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.FPH.20130303.06","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies have shown the deleterious effects of energy drinks, containing taurine and caffeine, on cardiac health. This study aimed to examine synergistic effect of taurine and caffeine on p latelets and haemostasis because platelet hyperactivity is a known predictor of cardiovascular diseases. Blood fro m t welve healthy volunteers aged 18 - 60 years was incubated with 500 µM taurine and 700 µM caffeine indiv idually or together. Platelet activity was evaluated using platelet aggregation assays induced by ADP and collagen, and, haemostatic function by coagulation profile testing, glucose, lipid profile and inflammat ion marker C- reactive protein assessment (CRP). The optimal time and doses of taurine and caffeine required to inhib it platelet hyperactivity in vitro were established. A comb ined action of lower doses of taurine and caffeine (T+C) inhibited platelet aggregation, induced by ADP and collagen, greater than taurine or caffeine individually (p < 0.05). Taurine and T+C increased prothrombin clotting time (PT) significantly (p < 0.05), wh ile caffeine alone decreased PT (p < 0.05). Caffeine alone increased CRP (p < 0.05). No significant change was observed in lip id parameters. These data support our hypothesis that, synergistically lower concentrations of taurine and caffeine, found in much h igher concentrations in energy drinks, may be instrumental in reducing platelet activ ity and prolongation of clot format ion.","PeriodicalId":12412,"journal":{"name":"Food and Public Health","volume":"11 1","pages":"147-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87793113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.5923/J.FPH.20130305.03
Dang Pham Kim, C. Saegerman, C. Douny, T. V. Dinh, Bo Xuan, B. Vu, N. Hong, M. Scippo
In Vietnam where epidemics occur regularly in an imal production, the farmers consider antibiotics as one of the solutions to fight against livestock diseases, thus the risk of abuse, even illegal use of antibiotics in livestock is very high. However, this is a recent issue and has not yet been thoroughly investigated. A cross -sectional study on the use of antibiotics in pig and poultry production as well as the farmer's knowledge on the danger of the antibiotic use in three different animal production systems (farm household, semi -industrial and industrial) was conducted from July 2009 to March 2010 on 270 entities, in 3 representative localities of the Red River Delta (RRD). The results showed that a large volu me of antibiotics was used arbitrary in all animal production systems. Animals were not only treated for acute diseases, but also for disease prevention, and for growth promotion. At least 45 antibiotics of more than 10 classes were used. Fifteen antibiotics were used in pig and poultry feed. For d iseases treatment and prevention, antibiotics were used abusively and even illegally (e.g. chloramphenicol) by both farmers and veterinarians. The findings of this survey will permit developing new strategies for prudent use of antibiotics in livestock in Vietnam. These results will help not only to strengthen issues such as veterinary networks; antibiotics use guidance, residues monitoring systems and food safety, but also to improve awareness and ethics of producers and veterinary drug sellers .
{"title":"First Survey on the Use of Antibiotics in Pig and Poultry Production in the Red River Delta Region of Vietnam","authors":"Dang Pham Kim, C. Saegerman, C. Douny, T. V. Dinh, Bo Xuan, B. Vu, N. Hong, M. Scippo","doi":"10.5923/J.FPH.20130305.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.FPH.20130305.03","url":null,"abstract":"In Vietnam where epidemics occur regularly in an imal production, the farmers consider antibiotics as one of the solutions to fight against livestock diseases, thus the risk of abuse, even illegal use of antibiotics in livestock is very high. However, this is a recent issue and has not yet been thoroughly investigated. A cross -sectional study on the use of antibiotics in pig and poultry production as well as the farmer's knowledge on the danger of the antibiotic use in three different animal production systems (farm household, semi -industrial and industrial) was conducted from July 2009 to March 2010 on 270 entities, in 3 representative localities of the Red River Delta (RRD). The results showed that a large volu me of antibiotics was used arbitrary in all animal production systems. Animals were not only treated for acute diseases, but also for disease prevention, and for growth promotion. At least 45 antibiotics of more than 10 classes were used. Fifteen antibiotics were used in pig and poultry feed. For d iseases treatment and prevention, antibiotics were used abusively and even illegally (e.g. chloramphenicol) by both farmers and veterinarians. The findings of this survey will permit developing new strategies for prudent use of antibiotics in livestock in Vietnam. These results will help not only to strengthen issues such as veterinary networks; antibiotics use guidance, residues monitoring systems and food safety, but also to improve awareness and ethics of producers and veterinary drug sellers .","PeriodicalId":12412,"journal":{"name":"Food and Public Health","volume":"64 1","pages":"247-256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81370190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.5923/J.FPH.20120205.04
C. Douny, J. Widart, G. Maghuin-Rogister, E. Pauw, M. Scippo
Acry lamide (CH2=CHCONH2), a neurotoxic and potentially carcinogenic substance for human health, is in the glare of the spotlights for a few years. This is mostly due to the fact that acrylamide was found worldwide in various heated foodstuffs. Levels reported in the literature vary fro m 25 to 2000 µg/kg and potato products are considered as containing the highest level in acrylamide. A possible pathway of synthesis of acry lamide is the Maillard reaction between reducing sugars and the amino acid asparagine. The aim of this study was to develop a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method to analyse as quickly as possible acrylamide in a variety of Belgian food samples such as potatoes, French fries, crisp bread, coffee, corn-flakes, etc. The sample preparation consisted in a liquid/liquid ext raction, a centrifugation, fo llo wed by purification with Solid Phase Ext raction (SPE). The instruments used were a Waters 2690 Alliance HPLC system coupled to a Micromass Quattro Ultima Platinu m triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer. The analysis was performed in MS/MS mode using isotopic dilution technique for quantification. An internal 13C3 labelled standard was added prior to ext raction. Quantification in M S/MS mode was calculated by reconstructing the ion current with the most abundant daughter ions for native and 13C labelled standard (ions of m/z 55 and 58).
丙烯酰胺(CH2=CHCONH2)是一种对人类健康具有神经毒性和潜在致癌性的物质，近年来一直是人们关注的焦点。这主要是由于在世界各地的各种加热食品中都发现了丙烯酰胺。文献中报告的丙烯酰胺含量从25微克/公斤到2000微克/公斤不等，马铃薯产品被认为含有最高水平的丙烯酰胺。还原糖与氨基酸天冬酰胺发生美拉德反应是合成丙烯酰胺的可能途径。本研究的目的是开发一种液相色谱/质谱分析方法，以尽可能快地分析各种比利时食品样品中的丙烯酰胺，如土豆、炸薯条、脆面包、咖啡、玉米片等。样品的制备包括液/液萃取、离心、固相萃取(SPE)纯化。所用仪器为Waters 2690 Alliance高效液相色谱系统和Micromass Quattro Ultima Platinu m三重四极杆质谱仪。分析采用质谱/质谱模式，采用同位素稀释技术进行定量。在下一反应前加入内部13C3标记标准品。通过用最丰富的子离子重建原生和13C标记标准(M /z 55和58离子)的离子流来计算MS /MS模式下的定量。
{"title":"Quantification of acrylamide in various Belgian potato products using solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry detection.","authors":"C. Douny, J. Widart, G. Maghuin-Rogister, E. Pauw, M. Scippo","doi":"10.5923/J.FPH.20120205.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.FPH.20120205.04","url":null,"abstract":"Acry lamide (CH2=CHCONH2), a neurotoxic and potentially carcinogenic substance for human health, is in the glare of the spotlights for a few years. This is mostly due to the fact that acrylamide was found worldwide in various heated foodstuffs. Levels reported in the literature vary fro m 25 to 2000 µg/kg and potato products are considered as containing the highest level in acrylamide. A possible pathway of synthesis of acry lamide is the Maillard reaction between reducing sugars and the amino acid asparagine. The aim of this study was to develop a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method to analyse as quickly as possible acrylamide in a variety of Belgian food samples such as potatoes, French fries, crisp bread, coffee, corn-flakes, etc. The sample preparation consisted in a liquid/liquid ext raction, a centrifugation, fo llo wed by purification with Solid Phase Ext raction (SPE). The instruments used were a Waters 2690 Alliance HPLC system coupled to a Micromass Quattro Ultima Platinu m triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer. The analysis was performed in MS/MS mode using isotopic dilution technique for quantification. An internal 13C3 labelled standard was added prior to ext raction. Quantification in M S/MS mode was calculated by reconstructing the ion current with the most abundant daughter ions for native and 13C labelled standard (ions of m/z 55 and 58).","PeriodicalId":12412,"journal":{"name":"Food and Public Health","volume":"116 1","pages":"137-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79283011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.5923/J.FPH.20120205.05
M. Thereza, M. Gomes, D. Santos, M. Angela, A. Meireles
This review discusses the recent developments in the application of supercritical fluid technologies for the production of composites or encapsulates of bioactive compounds. Various supercritical particle formation technologies are briefly described, including processes in which the supercritical fluid acts as a solute, solvent, and antisolvent. The main features and mechanisms of antisolvent techniques that contribute to the understanding of the fundamentals of the Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Emulsions (SFEE) process are described. The published literature on SFEE, including the results and perspectives of its application in various industrial fields, are discussed. This article is the first comprehensive review specifically focused on the formation of particles using the SFEE technique.
{"title":"Trends in Particle Formation of Bioactive Compounds Using Supercritical Fluids and Nanoemulsions","authors":"M. Thereza, M. Gomes, D. Santos, M. Angela, A. Meireles","doi":"10.5923/J.FPH.20120205.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.FPH.20120205.05","url":null,"abstract":"This review discusses the recent developments in the application of supercritical fluid technologies for the production of composites or encapsulates of bioactive compounds. Various supercritical particle formation technologies are briefly described, including processes in which the supercritical fluid acts as a solute, solvent, and antisolvent. The main features and mechanisms of antisolvent techniques that contribute to the understanding of the fundamentals of the Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Emulsions (SFEE) process are described. The published literature on SFEE, including the results and perspectives of its application in various industrial fields, are discussed. This article is the first comprehensive review specifically focused on the formation of particles using the SFEE technique.","PeriodicalId":12412,"journal":{"name":"Food and Public Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"142-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79808102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.5923/J.FPH.20120205.08
M. Contini, N. Millen, Luis Riera, S. Mahieu
The purpose of the present study was to determine the function and oxidative status in kidney and liver using a model of obesity induced by neonatal treatment of rats with monosodium glutamate, and to investigate the association of these metabolic changes with antioxidant enzymes, oxidative stress and NO generation. Methods: neonate male Wistar rats were subcutaneously injected, with monosodium L-glutamate (MSG), at a dose of 4 g/kg body weight at days 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 of life. We evaluated: anthropometrical parameters and obesity markers, intravenous glucose and insulin tolerance tests, liver function, bile flow and pharmacokinetic parameters, biochemical and histological studies in renal and hepatic tissues, measurement of oxidative stress markers and histopathological examination. Results: glutathione decreased in kidney; glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased activities. These suggest that the oxidative defences of kidney reacts positively giving to such tissue more resistance against to the oxidative stress. There may be a ROS mediate inactivation of NO and as a result reduced renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate. In liver redox status induces decrease in SOD and increase in GPx activity. Changes in redox status would be responsible of the functional and histological alterations observed both in kidney and liver.
{"title":"Kidney and liver functions and stress oxidative markers of monosodium glutamate-induced obese rats.","authors":"M. Contini, N. Millen, Luis Riera, S. Mahieu","doi":"10.5923/J.FPH.20120205.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.FPH.20120205.08","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the present study was to determine the function and oxidative status in kidney and liver using a model of obesity induced by neonatal treatment of rats with monosodium glutamate, and to investigate the association of these metabolic changes with antioxidant enzymes, oxidative stress and NO generation. Methods: neonate male Wistar rats were subcutaneously injected, with monosodium L-glutamate (MSG), at a dose of 4 g/kg body weight at days 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 of life. We evaluated: anthropometrical parameters and obesity markers, intravenous glucose and insulin tolerance tests, liver function, bile flow and pharmacokinetic parameters, biochemical and histological studies in renal and hepatic tissues, measurement of oxidative stress markers and histopathological examination. Results: glutathione decreased in kidney; glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased activities. These suggest that the oxidative defences of kidney reacts positively giving to such tissue more resistance against to the oxidative stress. There may be a ROS mediate inactivation of NO and as a result reduced renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate. In liver redox status induces decrease in SOD and increase in GPx activity. Changes in redox status would be responsible of the functional and histological alterations observed both in kidney and liver.","PeriodicalId":12412,"journal":{"name":"Food and Public Health","volume":"2 1","pages":"168-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78267349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.5923/J.FPH.20120205.02
P. A. Adepoju, A. O. Longe, O. B. Odeinde, G. Elemo, O. Erukainure
Precipitation is widely used in processing of biological products, such as proteins. The coagulating properties of Sodom apple ju ice, vinegar, lemon juice and rennet as coagulants of soy protein precipitate fro m soymilk at different temperature were investigated. Soymilk was produced using the hot grind method. The studied coagulants were used to precipitate soy protein fro m the produced milk at d ifferent temperature respectively. The coagulation time was observed to decrease with increasing temperature, with 100℃ giv ing the best time. The p H of the coagulated proteins was observed to decrease with increasing temperature with the optimal pH observed at 70℃ for all the coagulants. No significant difference was observed on the effect of coagulating temperatures on the yield of coagulated soy protein precipitate. Results fro m this study indicate that optimu m coagulating activ ities can be achieved between 70- 80℃. Ho wever, the yields by the studied coagulants are not affected by temperature. Thus, imp lying that temperature modulate the coagulating activit ies, pH and not yields of the coagulants. Therefore, production at 70 - 80℃ will g ive the best soy protein quality.
{"title":"Investigation into the Coagulating Properties of Acid and Enzyme Coagulated Soy Protein Precipitate","authors":"P. A. Adepoju, A. O. Longe, O. B. Odeinde, G. Elemo, O. Erukainure","doi":"10.5923/J.FPH.20120205.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.FPH.20120205.02","url":null,"abstract":"Precipitation is widely used in processing of biological products, such as proteins. The coagulating properties of Sodom apple ju ice, vinegar, lemon juice and rennet as coagulants of soy protein precipitate fro m soymilk at different temperature were investigated. Soymilk was produced using the hot grind method. The studied coagulants were used to precipitate soy protein fro m the produced milk at d ifferent temperature respectively. The coagulation time was observed to decrease with increasing temperature, with 100℃ giv ing the best time. The p H of the coagulated proteins was observed to decrease with increasing temperature with the optimal pH observed at 70℃ for all the coagulants. No significant difference was observed on the effect of coagulating temperatures on the yield of coagulated soy protein precipitate. Results fro m this study indicate that optimu m coagulating activ ities can be achieved between 70- 80℃. Ho wever, the yields by the studied coagulants are not affected by temperature. Thus, imp lying that temperature modulate the coagulating activit ies, pH and not yields of the coagulants. Therefore, production at 70 - 80℃ will g ive the best soy protein quality.","PeriodicalId":12412,"journal":{"name":"Food and Public Health","volume":"129 1","pages":"127-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76706959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.5923/J.FPH.20120205.09
C. Cazarin, Chang YoonKil, M. Depieri, E. Carneiro, A. S. D. Souza, J. Amaya-Farfan
This paper reports the impact of an extruded amaranth (Amaranthus spp) supplement on intestinal bile and fatty acids of normolipidemic rats. Forty-eight rats were fed either a control diet AIN 93-G (12 or 18% protein), or one of two levels of supplemental extruded amaranth flour for 48 days. Plasma glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, their fractions, and triacylglycerols, liver weight and lipid content, cecum short-chain fatty acids and fecal excretion of bile acids were determined. While no significant differences in the levels of plasma triacylglycerols, glucose or insulin, and liver parameters due to the diet were detected. Although amaranth promotes reduction of both total and LDL serum cholesterol, increased production of butyric acid in cecum and fecal excretion of deoxycholic acid in the feces. These results suggest that amaranth used routinely as a supplement to the standard casein diet could have a health-promoting value in the normal rat.
{"title":"Amaranth grain brings health benefits to young normolipidemic rats.","authors":"C. Cazarin, Chang YoonKil, M. Depieri, E. Carneiro, A. S. D. Souza, J. Amaya-Farfan","doi":"10.5923/J.FPH.20120205.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.FPH.20120205.09","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports the impact of an extruded amaranth (Amaranthus spp) supplement on intestinal bile and fatty acids of normolipidemic rats. Forty-eight rats were fed either a control diet AIN 93-G (12 or 18% protein), or one of two levels of supplemental extruded amaranth flour for 48 days. Plasma glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, their fractions, and triacylglycerols, liver weight and lipid content, cecum short-chain fatty acids and fecal excretion of bile acids were determined. While no significant differences in the levels of plasma triacylglycerols, glucose or insulin, and liver parameters due to the diet were detected. Although amaranth promotes reduction of both total and LDL serum cholesterol, increased production of butyric acid in cecum and fecal excretion of deoxycholic acid in the feces. These results suggest that amaranth used routinely as a supplement to the standard casein diet could have a health-promoting value in the normal rat.","PeriodicalId":12412,"journal":{"name":"Food and Public Health","volume":"67 1","pages":"178-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81138940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.5923/J.FPH.20120205.01
J. Crandall, P. Eisenman, L. Ransdell, Justine J. Reel
Binge eating disorder (BED) is characterized by recurrent binge eating without compensatory weight control methods(1). Physical activ ity (PA) may be an innovative adjunct treatment for BED. Researchers have described PA involvement in BED indiv iduals throughout their life spans (2). Significant differences in PA were found during specific time periods when co mpared to controls. Sign ificant differences were found for six perceived benefits/barriers to physical act ivity. The objective of this study was to apply qualitative research methodologies to enrich our understanding of the quantitative data. The interview part icipants reporting perceived barriers including social physique anxiety, health problems, co mpulsive issues, lack of fitness, lack of time, social barriers, and access. Perceived benefits included improved psyche, removal of frustrations, increased stamina, improved confidence and physical health. Emphasizing unstructured home-based and family -oriented PAs and including enjoyable structured activities may increase adherence levels in BED indiv iduals.
{"title":"Physical Activity Perceptions and Binge Eating Disorder in Community Dwelling Women","authors":"J. Crandall, P. Eisenman, L. Ransdell, Justine J. Reel","doi":"10.5923/J.FPH.20120205.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.FPH.20120205.01","url":null,"abstract":"Binge eating disorder (BED) is characterized by recurrent binge eating without compensatory weight control methods(1). Physical activ ity (PA) may be an innovative adjunct treatment for BED. Researchers have described PA involvement in BED indiv iduals throughout their life spans (2). Significant differences in PA were found during specific time periods when co mpared to controls. Sign ificant differences were found for six perceived benefits/barriers to physical act ivity. The objective of this study was to apply qualitative research methodologies to enrich our understanding of the quantitative data. The interview part icipants reporting perceived barriers including social physique anxiety, health problems, co mpulsive issues, lack of fitness, lack of time, social barriers, and access. Perceived benefits included improved psyche, removal of frustrations, increased stamina, improved confidence and physical health. Emphasizing unstructured home-based and family -oriented PAs and including enjoyable structured activities may increase adherence levels in BED indiv iduals.","PeriodicalId":12412,"journal":{"name":"Food and Public Health","volume":"27 1","pages":"119-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81953043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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