Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.5923/J.FPH.20160602.01
Karissa Ferguson, M. Samide, C. Schmicker, T. Schenk, Anne M. Wilson
While additives to consumer products must be listed in order by amount, it is not required to report the actual amounts of these additives. Given that impacts on human health are dose dependent, knowledge of additive amounts would aid discussions of the safety of these compounds for inhalation. Additives for cigarettes include flavors, such as menthol, and propylene glycol, a humectant. Rapid determination of the amounts of menthol and propylene glycol additives in cigarettes was accomplished utilizing evolved gas analysis (EGA) - gas chromatography (GC) - flame ionization detection (FID). Careful preparation of samples and appropriate sample storage are critical components to this study. Menthol amounts in cigarettes were consistent with previous studies and this represents the first report of propylene glycol amounts.
{"title":"Determination of Additives in Cigarettes Utilizing Evolved Gas Analysis (EGA)","authors":"Karissa Ferguson, M. Samide, C. Schmicker, T. Schenk, Anne M. Wilson","doi":"10.5923/J.FPH.20160602.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.FPH.20160602.01","url":null,"abstract":"While additives to consumer products must be listed in order by amount, it is not required to report the actual amounts of these additives. Given that impacts on human health are dose dependent, knowledge of additive amounts would aid discussions of the safety of these compounds for inhalation. Additives for cigarettes include flavors, such as menthol, and propylene glycol, a humectant. Rapid determination of the amounts of menthol and propylene glycol additives in cigarettes was accomplished utilizing evolved gas analysis (EGA) - gas chromatography (GC) - flame ionization detection (FID). Careful preparation of samples and appropriate sample storage are critical components to this study. Menthol amounts in cigarettes were consistent with previous studies and this represents the first report of propylene glycol amounts.","PeriodicalId":12412,"journal":{"name":"Food and Public Health","volume":"2001 1","pages":"33-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89499812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jennifer J Salinas, William Shropshire, Ana Nino, Deborah Parra-Medina
Objective: To determine the relationship between obesity, food insecurity and perceived stress in very low income Mexican American women.
Design: Cross-sectional baseline data analysis of a randomized clinical trial.
Setting: Texas-Mexico border region of South Texas.
Subjects: Very Low Income Mexican American Women.
Results: The relationship between obesity and food insecurity in a sample of very low income Hispanic women living in South Texas depends on the measure of obesity and the dimension of food insecurity. The only measure of food insecurity associated with all measures of obesity was often not having enough money to afford to eat balanced meals. Waist circumference was associated with the most dimensions of food insecurity, while BMI had the least associations. Finally, perceived stress was not significantly associated with BMI, waist circumference or percent body fat when adjusted for other covariates.
Conclusions: We have found a strong and significant relationship between food insecurity related to having enough resources to eat a balanced diet and BMI, waist circumference, and percent body fat in low-income Mexican American women. While behavioural change is an important strategy for reducing obesity, consideration may need to be made as to how food access with high nutritional value, may be in and of itself a contributing factor in obesity in low income populations.
{"title":"Food Insecurity, Not Stress is Associated with Three Measures of Obesity in Low-Income, Mexican-American Women in South Texas.","authors":"Jennifer J Salinas, William Shropshire, Ana Nino, Deborah Parra-Medina","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the relationship between obesity, food insecurity and perceived stress in very low income Mexican American women.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional baseline data analysis of a randomized clinical trial.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Texas-Mexico border region of South Texas.</p><p><strong>Subjects: </strong>Very Low Income Mexican American Women.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The relationship between obesity and food insecurity in a sample of very low income Hispanic women living in South Texas depends on the measure of obesity and the dimension of food insecurity. The only measure of food insecurity associated with all measures of obesity was often not having enough money to afford to eat balanced meals. Waist circumference was associated with the most dimensions of food insecurity, while BMI had the least associations. Finally, perceived stress was not significantly associated with BMI, waist circumference or percent body fat when adjusted for other covariates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We have found a strong and significant relationship between food insecurity related to having enough resources to eat a balanced diet and BMI, waist circumference, and percent body fat in low-income Mexican American women. While behavioural change is an important strategy for reducing obesity, consideration may need to be made as to how food access with high nutritional value, may be in and of itself a contributing factor in obesity in low income populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12412,"journal":{"name":"Food and Public Health","volume":"6 6","pages":"149-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5891147/pdf/nihms867027.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35999557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-01DOI: 10.5923/J.FPH.20150505.03
J. Viganó, Julian Martínez
This work presents a review on the composition and extraction techniques for recovering phytochemicals from passion fruit by-products. The review approaches on the characteristics of each phytochemical and its benefits to human health. It was observed that the by-products of passion fruit contain a range of interesting substances, and for their recovery the application of environmentally friendly extraction techniques, such as supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), are suggested as single or sequential procedures. The future perspectives of this review encourage the application of these techniques to a complete recovery of passion fruit by-products.
{"title":"Trends for the Application of Passion Fruit Industrial By-Products: A Review on the Chemical Composition and Extraction Techniques of Phytochemicals","authors":"J. Viganó, Julian Martínez","doi":"10.5923/J.FPH.20150505.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.FPH.20150505.03","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a review on the composition and extraction techniques for recovering phytochemicals from passion fruit by-products. The review approaches on the characteristics of each phytochemical and its benefits to human health. It was observed that the by-products of passion fruit contain a range of interesting substances, and for their recovery the application of environmentally friendly extraction techniques, such as supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), are suggested as single or sequential procedures. The future perspectives of this review encourage the application of these techniques to a complete recovery of passion fruit by-products.","PeriodicalId":12412,"journal":{"name":"Food and Public Health","volume":"79 1","pages":"164-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84983580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.5923/J.FPH.20150503.04
Lada Tucakovic, N. Colson, I. Singh
The incidence of obesity and its related metabolic disorders has escalated dramatically in the past decades worldwide. Defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation caused by an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, obesity is presently the major health challenge in developed countries and the causative factor of numerous diseases such as heart problems, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes. Presence of high level of cytokines and acute phase proteins associated with inflammation in obese individuals relates obesity to chronic low-grade inflammation. Obesity-induced inflammation has an impact on insulin resistance and cardiac health. Polyphenols including catechins, tocopherols, resveratrol, curcumin and anthocyanins have been shown to reduce adipose tissue inflammation. It has been broadly accepted that adipocyte dysfunction plays a major role in development of obesity and obesity related complications. This state is characterised by hypersecretion of pro-atherogenic, pro-inflammatory and pro-diabetic adipokines as well as decreased secretion of adiponectin. The dietary polyphenols described in this review have potential as nutritional strategies for the prevention of obesity and associated inflammation as well as increase in insulin sensitivity in diabetic people.
{"title":"Relationship between Common Dietary Polyphenols and Obesity-Induced Inflammation","authors":"Lada Tucakovic, N. Colson, I. Singh","doi":"10.5923/J.FPH.20150503.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.FPH.20150503.04","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence of obesity and its related metabolic disorders has escalated dramatically in the past decades worldwide. Defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation caused by an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, obesity is presently the major health challenge in developed countries and the causative factor of numerous diseases such as heart problems, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes. Presence of high level of cytokines and acute phase proteins associated with inflammation in obese individuals relates obesity to chronic low-grade inflammation. Obesity-induced inflammation has an impact on insulin resistance and cardiac health. Polyphenols including catechins, tocopherols, resveratrol, curcumin and anthocyanins have been shown to reduce adipose tissue inflammation. It has been broadly accepted that adipocyte dysfunction plays a major role in development of obesity and obesity related complications. This state is characterised by hypersecretion of pro-atherogenic, pro-inflammatory and pro-diabetic adipokines as well as decreased secretion of adiponectin. The dietary polyphenols described in this review have potential as nutritional strategies for the prevention of obesity and associated inflammation as well as increase in insulin sensitivity in diabetic people.","PeriodicalId":12412,"journal":{"name":"Food and Public Health","volume":"302 1","pages":"84-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79752338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.5923/j.fph.20150504.05
C. L. Albuquerque, Á. L. Santana, M. Angela, A. Meireles
The goal of this paper was to qualitatively identify the chemical composition of annatto extracts obtained by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) using thin layer chromatography (TLC) in terms of volatile oil compounds, compounds with antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds. The mobile phase that achieved the best separation of the studied compounds of interest presented in the extracts was used. The γ-tocotrienol and δ- tocotrienol antioxidants as well as squalene and β-sitosterol were identified by comparison of their Rf values to the same constituents present in the 30% Tocomin commercial sample. The chemical profile of extracts varied as a function of extraction time. The intensity of antioxidants, phenolic compounds and volatile oil compounds was reduced, while the intensity of carotenes (bixin) was increased.
{"title":"Thin Layer Chromatographic Analysis of Annatto Extracts Obtained Using Supercritical Fluid","authors":"C. L. Albuquerque, Á. L. Santana, M. Angela, A. Meireles","doi":"10.5923/j.fph.20150504.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/j.fph.20150504.05","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this paper was to qualitatively identify the chemical composition of annatto extracts obtained by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) using thin layer chromatography (TLC) in terms of volatile oil compounds, compounds with antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds. The mobile phase that achieved the best separation of the studied compounds of interest presented in the extracts was used. The γ-tocotrienol and δ- tocotrienol antioxidants as well as squalene and β-sitosterol were identified by comparison of their Rf values to the same constituents present in the 30% Tocomin commercial sample. The chemical profile of extracts varied as a function of extraction time. The intensity of antioxidants, phenolic compounds and volatile oil compounds was reduced, while the intensity of carotenes (bixin) was increased.","PeriodicalId":12412,"journal":{"name":"Food and Public Health","volume":"7 1","pages":"127-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74398162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.5923/j.fph.20150503.05
D. Lachos‐Perez, J. M. Prado, P. C. Torres-Mayanga, T. Forster‐Carneiro, M. Meireles
Waste biomass has various origins, such as agricultural crops, food waste, animal waste, municipal solid waste, and has the potential to be converted into energy and applied in biorefineries, thus contributing with lignocellulosic material. The emerging technology "Supercritical Water Gasification" has a great potential for recycling biomass for the production of synthesis gas with a higher percentage of hydrogen. The supercritical water gasification (SCWG) does not require drying; thus, the problem of drying is largely avoided by the SCWG and can be used for biomass with high percentage of humidity. The conversion efficiency of the SCWG is generally higher when compared with conventional technologies. This paper reviews known and emerging key supercritical water properties that influence the SCWG of biomass (viscosity, density, dielectric constant and ionic product), the advantages of the SCWG with respect to conventional gasification, the economic viability of the process, and the kinetics of the biomass in the process, this review describes the factors that influence the process (temperature, pressure, residence time, concentration, effect of the catalyst, effect of the reactor geometry, reactor design, heating rate of the biomass particle and type of biomass). Finally, this article concludes that the technology "supercritical water gasification" has great potential for a cleaner biogas production, with a high percentage of hydrogen, by different types of biomass, thus reducing the pollution and CO2 emissions.
{"title":"Supercritical Water Gasification of Biomass for Hydrogen Production: Variable of the Process","authors":"D. Lachos‐Perez, J. M. Prado, P. C. Torres-Mayanga, T. Forster‐Carneiro, M. Meireles","doi":"10.5923/j.fph.20150503.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/j.fph.20150503.05","url":null,"abstract":"Waste biomass has various origins, such as agricultural crops, food waste, animal waste, municipal solid waste, and has the potential to be converted into energy and applied in biorefineries, thus contributing with lignocellulosic material. The emerging technology \"Supercritical Water Gasification\" has a great potential for recycling biomass for the production of synthesis gas with a higher percentage of hydrogen. The supercritical water gasification (SCWG) does not require drying; thus, the problem of drying is largely avoided by the SCWG and can be used for biomass with high percentage of humidity. The conversion efficiency of the SCWG is generally higher when compared with conventional technologies. This paper reviews known and emerging key supercritical water properties that influence the SCWG of biomass (viscosity, density, dielectric constant and ionic product), the advantages of the SCWG with respect to conventional gasification, the economic viability of the process, and the kinetics of the biomass in the process, this review describes the factors that influence the process (temperature, pressure, residence time, concentration, effect of the catalyst, effect of the reactor geometry, reactor design, heating rate of the biomass particle and type of biomass). Finally, this article concludes that the technology \"supercritical water gasification\" has great potential for a cleaner biogas production, with a high percentage of hydrogen, by different types of biomass, thus reducing the pollution and CO2 emissions.","PeriodicalId":12412,"journal":{"name":"Food and Public Health","volume":"26 1","pages":"92-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84161023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.5923/j.fph.20150502.02
R. A. C. Torres, D. Santos, M. Meireles
A novel selective extraction method to produce active solutions with from plant materials was developed. Named by our research group as High Turbulence Extraction Assisted by Ultrasound (HTEAU) the feasibility of this process was demonstrated using semi-defatted annatto seeds (Bixa orellana L.) as a model plant material and ethanol as extracting solvent. HTEAU process combines the use of two types of commercial equipments and technologies. The first is Ultra-turrax ® rotor-stator technology, which produces high turbulence in the plant material bed by high extracting solvent circulation flow rate (until 2000 cm 3 /min) and the second is ultrasound technology, which is recognized to improve the extraction rate by the increasing the mass transfer and possible rupture of cell wall due the formation of microcavities. These equipments were coupled and put into operation at its maximum power of operability and the values for these parameters were determined through simultaneous optimization of oils, phenols, bixin recoveries. The effects of extraction method and solvent mass to feed mass ratio (S/F) on oils, phenols, bixin recoveries were evaluated by analyses of variance (ANOVA), demonstrating that the coupling of ultrasound probe into the Ultra-turrax ® equipment statistically promotes the selective extraction of total phenols and bixin.
提出了一种以植物原料为原料制备活性溶液的新方法。本课题组以半脱脂红木种子(Bixa orellana L.)为模式植物材料，以乙醇为提取溶剂，验证了该工艺的可行性，并将其命名为超声辅助高湍流提取(HTEAU)。HTEAU工艺结合了两种商用设备和技术的使用。第一种是Ultra-turrax®转子-定子技术，它通过高提取溶剂循环流速(直到2000 cm 3 /min)在植物材料床中产生高湍流;第二种是超声波技术，它被认为通过增加传质和微腔形成导致细胞壁破裂来提高提取率。通过对油、酚类、比新收率的同时优化，确定了这些参数的取值。通过方差分析(ANOVA)评价了提取方法和溶剂质量与进料质量比(S/F)对油脂、酚类和碧心回收率的影响，结果表明超声探针与Ultra-turrax®设备的耦合在统计学上促进了总酚类和碧心的选择性提取。
{"title":"Novel extraction method to produce active solutions from plant materials.","authors":"R. A. C. Torres, D. Santos, M. Meireles","doi":"10.5923/j.fph.20150502.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/j.fph.20150502.02","url":null,"abstract":"A novel selective extraction method to produce active solutions with from plant materials was developed. Named by our research group as High Turbulence Extraction Assisted by Ultrasound (HTEAU) the feasibility of this process was demonstrated using semi-defatted annatto seeds (Bixa orellana L.) as a model plant material and ethanol as extracting solvent. HTEAU process combines the use of two types of commercial equipments and technologies. The first is Ultra-turrax ® rotor-stator technology, which produces high turbulence in the plant material bed by high extracting solvent circulation flow rate (until 2000 cm 3 /min) and the second is ultrasound technology, which is recognized to improve the extraction rate by the increasing the mass transfer and possible rupture of cell wall due the formation of microcavities. These equipments were coupled and put into operation at its maximum power of operability and the values for these parameters were determined through simultaneous optimization of oils, phenols, bixin recoveries. The effects of extraction method and solvent mass to feed mass ratio (S/F) on oils, phenols, bixin recoveries were evaluated by analyses of variance (ANOVA), demonstrating that the coupling of ultrasound probe into the Ultra-turrax ® equipment statistically promotes the selective extraction of total phenols and bixin.","PeriodicalId":12412,"journal":{"name":"Food and Public Health","volume":"22 1","pages":"38-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83355957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.5923/j.fph.20150502.03
Sylvia Alcázar-Alay, Fiorella P. Cárdenas-Toro, D. Santos, M. Meireles
This work involves the residues of three plant species used in industry: Brazilian ginseng (Pfaffia glomerata), palm (Elaeis guineensis) and annatto (Bixa orellana L.). The studied plant residues come from oil and biocompounds extraction: Soxhlet extraction (SE), Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). The effects of these extraction processes on the structures of plant matrices were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Plant residues were subjected to acid hydrolysis. The hydrolysis process was conducted using a 0.5 L reactor at atmospheric pressure and the solvent at boiling temperature. Brazilian ginseng was hydrolyzed in hydrochloric acid solution (0.5, 2.5 and 5.0%, v/v) for 60 min. Palm pressed fiber and annatto were hydrolyzed in sulfuric acid solution (1.5 and 3.0%, v/v) for 90 min. Sugars produced by the hydrolysis were quantified and interpreted as Reducing sugars (RS) (g glucose/100 g raw material) and Total reducing sugars (TRS) (g sucrose/100 g raw material) by a spectrophotometric method. The results observed by SEM showed that the extraction treatments modified the vegetable matrix with respect to its structure and component ratio. The acid hydrolysis process of each vegetable matrix showed different reaction kinetics. The availability and source of the sugar polymers and the acid concentration were variables that affected the hydrolysis reaction.
{"title":"Study of an Extraction Process as the Pretreatment Step for Sugar Production from Acid Hydrolysis","authors":"Sylvia Alcázar-Alay, Fiorella P. Cárdenas-Toro, D. Santos, M. Meireles","doi":"10.5923/j.fph.20150502.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/j.fph.20150502.03","url":null,"abstract":"This work involves the residues of three plant species used in industry: Brazilian ginseng (Pfaffia glomerata), palm (Elaeis guineensis) and annatto (Bixa orellana L.). The studied plant residues come from oil and biocompounds extraction: Soxhlet extraction (SE), Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). The effects of these extraction processes on the structures of plant matrices were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Plant residues were subjected to acid hydrolysis. The hydrolysis process was conducted using a 0.5 L reactor at atmospheric pressure and the solvent at boiling temperature. Brazilian ginseng was hydrolyzed in hydrochloric acid solution (0.5, 2.5 and 5.0%, v/v) for 60 min. Palm pressed fiber and annatto were hydrolyzed in sulfuric acid solution (1.5 and 3.0%, v/v) for 90 min. Sugars produced by the hydrolysis were quantified and interpreted as Reducing sugars (RS) (g glucose/100 g raw material) and Total reducing sugars (TRS) (g sucrose/100 g raw material) by a spectrophotometric method. The results observed by SEM showed that the extraction treatments modified the vegetable matrix with respect to its structure and component ratio. The acid hydrolysis process of each vegetable matrix showed different reaction kinetics. The availability and source of the sugar polymers and the acid concentration were variables that affected the hydrolysis reaction.","PeriodicalId":12412,"journal":{"name":"Food and Public Health","volume":"61 1","pages":"47-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72752375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.5923/J.FPH.20150501.01
S. Mosawy
Quercetin (Que) is one of the most abundant and potent naturally occurring antioxidant. Que has been shown to exert many biological activities, including antiplatelet activity. Indeed, Que was shown to inhibit platelet aggregation in response to platelet agonists, such as ADP, collagen, thrombin and arachidonic acid. However, the lowest Que concentration that significantly inhibits agonist-induced platelet aggregation remains contradictory. In addition, to anti-aggregatory effects, Que was demonstrated to inhibit platelet dense and alpha granule exocytosis when stimulated by different platelet agonists. Que was also shown to inhibit multiple platelet protein kinases, including, PI3K, Akt, PLC and PKC. The main aim of this review focuses on the inhibitory effects of Que on human platelet function.
{"title":"Effect of the Flavonol Quercetin on Human Platelet Function: A Review","authors":"S. Mosawy","doi":"10.5923/J.FPH.20150501.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.FPH.20150501.01","url":null,"abstract":"Quercetin (Que) is one of the most abundant and potent naturally occurring antioxidant. Que has been shown to exert many biological activities, including antiplatelet activity. Indeed, Que was shown to inhibit platelet aggregation in response to platelet agonists, such as ADP, collagen, thrombin and arachidonic acid. However, the lowest Que concentration that significantly inhibits agonist-induced platelet aggregation remains contradictory. In addition, to anti-aggregatory effects, Que was demonstrated to inhibit platelet dense and alpha granule exocytosis when stimulated by different platelet agonists. Que was also shown to inhibit multiple platelet protein kinases, including, PI3K, Akt, PLC and PKC. The main aim of this review focuses on the inhibitory effects of Que on human platelet function.","PeriodicalId":12412,"journal":{"name":"Food and Public Health","volume":"35 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77551363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.5923/j.fph.20140403.08
Fiorella P. Cárdenas-Toro, Sylvia Alcázar-Alay, T. Forster‐Carneiro, M. Meireles
Agricultural and agroindustrial residues are major sources of cellulose, hemicellulose, and starch that can be converted into bioactive compounds, such as oligosaccharides and monosaccharides, using various chemical and biological methods. These bioactive compounds can be used as raw materials by food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, as well as in the production of intermediate products and the development of biomaterials by chemical industries. In Brazil, the major industrial residues, which are corn residues, soybean residues, sugarcane bagasse, palm and coconut fibers, and grape and tomato seeds, among others, are produced at a rate of approximately of 600 million tons per year. Thus, the utilization of these residues using sustainable technology is of great interest. Hydrothermal treatment is a green technology that includes autohydrolysis as well as subcritical and supercritical hydrolysis, in which water is used at high pressures and temperatures to recover polysaccharides from complex vegetal matrices. The hydrolytic mechanisms can be improved by changing the ionic product or the polarity and electrical conductivity of water in subcritical and supercritical states. These properties promote the selective dissolution of the starch, hemicellulose and cellulose in the residues. The conversion of starch and hemicellulose into oligosaccharides and monosaccharides is preferentially performed at temperatures of less than 200°C. In contrast, the conversion of cellulose into oligosaccharides is promoted at temperatures greater than 200°C, with the highest amount oligosaccharide formation occurring at close to the critical point. In this article, the main biomass components, the properties of water under subcritical and supercritical conditions, and the latest studies of polysaccharide conversion in biomasses using hydrothermal treatments are reviewed.
{"title":"Obtaining oligo- and monosaccharides from agroindustrial and agricultural residues using hydrothermal treatments.","authors":"Fiorella P. Cárdenas-Toro, Sylvia Alcázar-Alay, T. Forster‐Carneiro, M. Meireles","doi":"10.5923/j.fph.20140403.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/j.fph.20140403.08","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural and agroindustrial residues are major sources of cellulose, hemicellulose, and starch that can be converted into bioactive compounds, such as oligosaccharides and monosaccharides, using various chemical and biological methods. These bioactive compounds can be used as raw materials by food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, as well as in the production of intermediate products and the development of biomaterials by chemical industries. In Brazil, the major industrial residues, which are corn residues, soybean residues, sugarcane bagasse, palm and coconut fibers, and grape and tomato seeds, among others, are produced at a rate of approximately of 600 million tons per year. Thus, the utilization of these residues using sustainable technology is of great interest. Hydrothermal treatment is a green technology that includes autohydrolysis as well as subcritical and supercritical hydrolysis, in which water is used at high pressures and temperatures to recover polysaccharides from complex vegetal matrices. The hydrolytic mechanisms can be improved by changing the ionic product or the polarity and electrical conductivity of water in subcritical and supercritical states. These properties promote the selective dissolution of the starch, hemicellulose and cellulose in the residues. The conversion of starch and hemicellulose into oligosaccharides and monosaccharides is preferentially performed at temperatures of less than 200°C. In contrast, the conversion of cellulose into oligosaccharides is promoted at temperatures greater than 200°C, with the highest amount oligosaccharide formation occurring at close to the critical point. In this article, the main biomass components, the properties of water under subcritical and supercritical conditions, and the latest studies of polysaccharide conversion in biomasses using hydrothermal treatments are reviewed.","PeriodicalId":12412,"journal":{"name":"Food and Public Health","volume":"17 1","pages":"123-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80229578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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