Dita Prameswari Trenggono Putri, Marta Gallego, Mohammad Zainal Abidin, Nanung Agus Fitriyanto, Leticia Mora, Fidel Toldrá, Yuny Erwanto
This work characterizes proteins extracted from sheepskin using bromelain and examines angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition activity of the peptides generated by in vitro gastrointestinal digestion (GID). Gel electrophoresis revealed three major protein bands corresponding to keratin and collagen. In vitro gastrointestinal digestion facilitated protein breakdown into peptides, yielding below 3 kDa of molecular weight peptides. Arginine, tyrosine, lysine, and leucine were identified as the major residues of amino acids in the bromelain-soluble protein hydrolysate (BSPH). The action of inhibiting ACE of 1 mg/mL of BSPH was 48.99%, whereas the activity of the < 3 kDa ultra-filtrated fractions obtained before and after in vitro GID were 0% and 19.94%, respectively. To acquire the peptide profile and fractionate the ultra-filtrated peptide fractions, reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was utilized. Among all the RP-HPLC fractions, 2, 3, 12, and 15 had the most active ACE inhibition. Subsequently, the peptide sequences from four active fractions were recognized using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and followed by in silico analysis to examine their bioactivity. Two potent ACE-inhibitory peptide candidates from sheepskin collagen, GPAGPAGPR, and QGPPGPAGPR, were identified by in silico analysis.
{"title":"Characterization of Bromelain-Soluble Sheepskin (Ovis aries) Proteins and Effect of In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion on Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition Activity","authors":"Dita Prameswari Trenggono Putri, Marta Gallego, Mohammad Zainal Abidin, Nanung Agus Fitriyanto, Leticia Mora, Fidel Toldrá, Yuny Erwanto","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.71396","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fsn3.71396","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This work characterizes proteins extracted from sheepskin using bromelain and examines angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition activity of the peptides generated by in vitro gastrointestinal digestion (GID). Gel electrophoresis revealed three major protein bands corresponding to keratin and collagen. In vitro gastrointestinal digestion facilitated protein breakdown into peptides, yielding below 3 kDa of molecular weight peptides. Arginine, tyrosine, lysine, and leucine were identified as the major residues of amino acids in the bromelain-soluble protein hydrolysate (BSPH). The action of inhibiting ACE of 1 mg/mL of BSPH was 48.99%, whereas the activity of the < 3 kDa ultra-filtrated fractions obtained before and after in vitro GID were 0% and 19.94%, respectively. To acquire the peptide profile and fractionate the ultra-filtrated peptide fractions, reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was utilized. Among all the RP-HPLC fractions, 2, 3, 12, and 15 had the most active ACE inhibition. Subsequently, the peptide sequences from four active fractions were recognized using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and followed by in silico analysis to examine their bioactivity. Two potent ACE-inhibitory peptide candidates from sheepskin collagen, GPAGPAGPR, and QGPPGPAGPR, were identified by in silico analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12848775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146084730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mineral element fingerprint analysis technology is one of the effective methods for grain origin identification. The accuracy of the identification model is closely related to sample origin, including traceability scope and sample quantity. In this study, mung bean samples from four sites (Tailai and Dorbod Mongol Autonomous County in Heilongjiang Province, Baicheng City in Jilin Province, and Sishui County in Shandong Province) were used as the research object. The contents of mineral elements in mung bean samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Based on stoichiometric results, origin tracing models for different traceability scopes and different quantities of samples were established. The results show that the origin discrimination model established by the samples with different traceability scopes has the correct rate for the original discrimination of Tailai–Dorbod Mongol Autonomous (99.33%) < Tailai–Baicheng (99.67%) < Tailai–Sishui (100.0%). The origin discrimination model established by the different quantities has the correct rate for the original origin discrimination of 99.0% (n = 200) < 99.25% (n = 400) < 99.33% (n = 600). The results verified that the larger sample tracing scope and the larger sample quantity can improve the discrimination accuracy of the established origin tracing model.
矿物元素指纹分析技术是鉴别粮食来源的有效方法之一。识别模型的准确性与样品来源密切相关,包括可追溯范围和样品数量。本研究以黑龙江省泰来和多伯德蒙古族自治县、吉林省白城市和山东省泗水县四个地点的绿豆样品为研究对象。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定绿豆样品中矿质元素的含量。根据化学计量学结果,建立了不同溯源范围和不同样品数量的原产地溯源模型。结果表明,不同溯源范围样品建立的产地鉴别模型对泰来-多伯德蒙古族自治区的产地鉴别正确率为99.33% (n = 200) n = 400) n = 600)。结果表明,较大的样本跟踪范围和样本量可以提高所建立的原产地跟踪模型的识别精度。
{"title":"Effects of Traceability Scope and Sample Quantity on Origin Tracing of Mineral Elements in Mung Beans","authors":"Mingming Chen, Zhigang Quan, Lili Qian, Dongjie Zhang","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.71479","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fsn3.71479","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mineral element fingerprint analysis technology is one of the effective methods for grain origin identification. The accuracy of the identification model is closely related to sample origin, including traceability scope and sample quantity. In this study, mung bean samples from four sites (Tailai and Dorbod Mongol Autonomous County in Heilongjiang Province, Baicheng City in Jilin Province, and Sishui County in Shandong Province) were used as the research object. The contents of mineral elements in mung bean samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Based on stoichiometric results, origin tracing models for different traceability scopes and different quantities of samples were established. The results show that the origin discrimination model established by the samples with different traceability scopes has the correct rate for the original discrimination of Tailai–Dorbod Mongol Autonomous (99.33%) < Tailai–Baicheng (99.67%) < Tailai–Sishui (100.0%). The origin discrimination model established by the different quantities has the correct rate for the original origin discrimination of 99.0% (<i>n</i> = 200) < 99.25% (<i>n</i> = 400) < 99.33% (<i>n</i> = 600). The results verified that the larger sample tracing scope and the larger sample quantity can improve the discrimination accuracy of the established origin tracing model.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12852058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146104510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Radiation-induced intestinal injury (RIII) is a common complication in patients under radiotherapy for abdominopelvic and retroperitoneal malignancies, significantly impairing quality of life and overall survival. However, the therapeutic effect of standard enteral nutrition (EN) is limited. This study aimed to investigate the protective role and potential mechanisms of octanoic acid (OA)-rich EN in RIII. C3H/HeN mice were randomly assigned to four groups: Sham, Radiation (RI), RI + EN and RI + OA-rich EN to investigate the impacts of OA-rich EN. Then mice were randomly assigned to five groups: Sham, RI, RI + OA-rich EN, RI + OA-rich EN + Luzindole, RI + OA-rich EN + EX527 to examine whether OA-rich EN alleviated RIII through the melatonin-silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) pathway. We evaluated the intestinal histopathology, apoptosis, tight junction protein expression and permeability. Moreover, melatonin and inflammatory cytokine levels were measured in the intestine and serum. SIRT1/Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-Alpha (PGC-1α)/Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARγ) pathway was also assessed. OA-rich EN promoted melatonin secretion in the intestine and serum, activated the SIRT1/PGC-1α/PPARγ pathway, markedly improved intestinal histopathology, and significantly reduced levels of inflammatory factors in intestine and serum. These beneficial effects were greater than EN alone. Furthermore, these beneficial effects were abolished when OA-rich EN was co-administered with either a melatonin antagonist or a SIRT1 inhibitor. This is the first confirmation that OA-rich EN alleviated RIII by promoting melatonin secretion, which in turn activated the SIRT1/PGC-1α/PPARγ pathway. Our findings highlight OA-rich EN as a promising nutritional strategy to improve intestinal health and reduce treatment-related complications in patients receiving abdominal radiotherapy.
{"title":"Nutritional Modulation of Melatonin-SIRT1 Signaling by Octanoic Acid-Rich Enteral Nutrition Protects Against Radiation-Induced Intestinal Injury","authors":"Chenxi Zhou, Xiaohua Li, Chungen Xing, Chun Cao","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.71465","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fsn3.71465","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Radiation-induced intestinal injury (RIII) is a common complication in patients under radiotherapy for abdominopelvic and retroperitoneal malignancies, significantly impairing quality of life and overall survival. However, the therapeutic effect of standard enteral nutrition (EN) is limited. This study aimed to investigate the protective role and potential mechanisms of octanoic acid (OA)-rich EN in RIII. C3H/HeN mice were randomly assigned to four groups: Sham, Radiation (RI), RI + EN and RI + OA-rich EN to investigate the impacts of OA-rich EN. Then mice were randomly assigned to five groups: Sham, RI, RI + OA-rich EN, RI + OA-rich EN + Luzindole, RI + OA-rich EN + EX527 to examine whether OA-rich EN alleviated RIII through the melatonin-silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) pathway. We evaluated the intestinal histopathology, apoptosis, tight junction protein expression and permeability. Moreover, melatonin and inflammatory cytokine levels were measured in the intestine and serum. SIRT1/Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-Alpha (PGC-1α)/Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARγ) pathway was also assessed. OA-rich EN promoted melatonin secretion in the intestine and serum, activated the SIRT1/PGC-1α/PPARγ pathway, markedly improved intestinal histopathology, and significantly reduced levels of inflammatory factors in intestine and serum. These beneficial effects were greater than EN alone. Furthermore, these beneficial effects were abolished when OA-rich EN was co-administered with either a melatonin antagonist or a SIRT1 inhibitor. This is the first confirmation that OA-rich EN alleviated RIII by promoting melatonin secretion, which in turn activated the SIRT1/PGC-1α/PPARγ pathway. Our findings highlight OA-rich EN as a promising nutritional strategy to improve intestinal health and reduce treatment-related complications in patients receiving abdominal radiotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12840553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146092657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Obesity is a significant risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Kaempferol, a natural flavonoid, has the ability to alleviate oxidative stress in animal models. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between kaempferol intake and renal function, as well as its impact on long-term prognosis in the obese population. This is an observational, cross-sectional, and longitudinal analysis based on NHANES data (2007–2018). Data regarding flavanol consumption were obtained from FNDDS. Prognostic information was sourced from the NCHS. Multivariate logistic and Cox regression, subgroup, and sensitivity analysis were used to investigate the relationship between dietary kaempferol and kidney function and prognosis. A total of 9816 participants with a median follow-up of 117 months were included. The stratified analysis revealed that kaempferol was a protective factor for renal function. For every 5 mg/day increment in kaempferol intake, the prevalence of kidney damage declined by 7% [OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88–0.99]. Additionally, at a median follow-up duration of 117 months, for every 5 mg/day increase in kaempferol intake, the mortality rate decreased by 7% [HR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.85–0.98]. Our findings suggested that higher kaempferol intake is associated with a reduced risk of kidney damage and improved long-term prognosis in obese individuals.
{"title":"Beneficial Impact of Kaempferol on Kidney Function and Long-Term Prognosis in Overweight or Obese Adults","authors":"Lin Shi, Yiquan Sang","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.71393","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fsn3.71393","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Obesity is a significant risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Kaempferol, a natural flavonoid, has the ability to alleviate oxidative stress in animal models. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between kaempferol intake and renal function, as well as its impact on long-term prognosis in the obese population. This is an observational, cross-sectional, and longitudinal analysis based on NHANES data (2007–2018). Data regarding flavanol consumption were obtained from FNDDS. Prognostic information was sourced from the NCHS. Multivariate logistic and Cox regression, subgroup, and sensitivity analysis were used to investigate the relationship between dietary kaempferol and kidney function and prognosis. A total of 9816 participants with a median follow-up of 117 months were included. The stratified analysis revealed that kaempferol was a protective factor for renal function. For every 5 mg/day increment in kaempferol intake, the prevalence of kidney damage declined by 7% [OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88–0.99]. Additionally, at a median follow-up duration of 117 months, for every 5 mg/day increase in kaempferol intake, the mortality rate decreased by 7% [HR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.85–0.98]. Our findings suggested that higher kaempferol intake is associated with a reduced risk of kidney damage and improved long-term prognosis in obese individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12836288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146092710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A disaccharidase (GenA) from Enterococcus faecalis CTB was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to > 95% homogeneity using chromatographic techniques. The enzyme exhibited a monomeric molecular weight of 54 kDa and demonstrated hydrolytic activity toward maltose, cellobiose, and lactose, but not sucrose. Kinetic analysis revealed maltose as the preferred substrate (Km = 0.27 ± 0.05 mM, Vmax = 33.8 ± 2.24 μM/min), followed by lactose (Km = 0.42 ± 0.04 mM, Vmax = 42.0 ± 2.91 μM/min) and cellobiose (Km = 0.47 ± 0.06 mM, Vmax = 51.0 ± 1.90 μM/min). GenA also hydrolyzed synthetic substrates including PNP-α-D-glucoside and PNP-β-D-galactopyranoside. The enzyme displayed substrate-dependent optimal conditions: 40°C–60°C and pH 7.5–9.0. MgCl2 enhanced enzymatic activity 2.0–4.0 fold across all substrates, while NiCl2 and MnCl2 were generally inhibitory. These findings provide insights into GenA's catalytic mechanisms and highlight its potential applications in biocatalysis and industrial biotechnology.
粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis CTB)的一种双糖酶(GenA)在大肠杆菌中异种表达,并通过色谱技术纯化得到纯度为95%的双糖酶。该酶的单体分子量为54 kDa,对麦芽糖、纤维素糖和乳糖具有水解活性,但对蔗糖没有水解活性。动力学分析表明,麦芽糖为首选底物(Km = 0.27±0.05 mM, V max = 33.8±2.24 μM/min),其次是乳糖(Km = 0.42±0.04 mM, V max = 42.0±2.91 μM/min)和纤维素糖(Km = 0.47±0.06 mM, V max = 51.0±1.90 μM/min)。GenA还水解合成底物,包括PNP-α- d -葡萄糖苷和PNP-β- d -半乳糖苷。酶表现出底物依赖的最佳条件:40°C-60°C, pH 7.5-9.0。MgCl2对所有底物的酶活性均有2.0-4.0倍的增强作用,而NiCl2和MnCl2一般具有抑制作用。这些发现为GenA的催化机制提供了新的见解,并突出了其在生物催化和工业生物技术方面的潜在应用。
{"title":"Biochemical Characterization of a Disaccharidase From Enterococcus faecalis CTB","authors":"Yaping Yan, Yajie Li, Wanyi Wang, Wenhui Li, Jing Yang, Xiaodong Han, Zhanying Liu","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.71363","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fsn3.71363","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A disaccharidase (GenA) from <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> CTB was heterologously expressed in <i>Escherichia coli</i> and purified to > 95% homogeneity using chromatographic techniques. The enzyme exhibited a monomeric molecular weight of 54 kDa and demonstrated hydrolytic activity toward maltose, cellobiose, and lactose, but not sucrose. Kinetic analysis revealed maltose as the preferred substrate (Km = 0.27 ± 0.05 mM, <i>V</i><sub>max</sub> = 33.8 ± 2.24 μM/min), followed by lactose (Km = 0.42 ± 0.04 mM, <i>V</i><sub>max</sub> = 42.0 ± 2.91 μM/min) and cellobiose (Km = 0.47 ± 0.06 mM, <i>V</i><sub>max</sub> = 51.0 ± 1.90 μM/min). GenA also hydrolyzed synthetic substrates including PNP-α-D-glucoside and PNP-β-D-galactopyranoside. The enzyme displayed substrate-dependent optimal conditions: 40°C–60°C and pH 7.5–9.0. MgCl<sub>2</sub> enhanced enzymatic activity 2.0–4.0 fold across all substrates, while NiCl<sub>2</sub> and MnCl<sub>2</sub> were generally inhibitory. These findings provide insights into GenA's catalytic mechanisms and highlight its potential applications in biocatalysis and industrial biotechnology.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12835548/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146092700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Capsaicin, an alkaloid predominantly found in plants in the genus Capsicum, is naturally present in food and utilized in dietary supplements and medicinal products. It interacts with cellular receptors, triggering a sensory response often perceived as pain, measurable by the Scoville Organoleptic Test. However, due to its susceptibility to biases, this test has largely been supplanted by quantitative methods for determining capsaicin content. This systematic review investigates the relationship between quantitatively measured capsaicin levels in dietary products and their sensory effects. The review protocol, registered with the Open Science Framework (OSF), involved searches in the EBSCOHost, ProQuest, and Ovid databases. Findings indicate a direct correlation between quantitatively determined capsaicin levels and extrapolated Scoville Heat Unit (SHU) values. Additionally, associations were noted between capsaicin exposure and physiological responses, as well as between capsaicin sensitivity and other chemesthetic and taste modalities. However, no direct relationship was found between quantitative capsaicin levels in dietary products and consistent, reproducible measurements of their sensory effects. This research marks a point in the discourse where quantification technology refines the traditional SHU system and underscores the need to advance quantitative detection beyond SHU.
{"title":"Is the Quantity of Capsaicin in Food Related to Its Organoleptic and Sensory Effects? A Systematic Review","authors":"Sean Hayward, David J. Leaver, Andrea Crampton","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.71407","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fsn3.71407","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Capsaicin, an alkaloid predominantly found in plants in the genus <i>Capsicum</i>, is naturally present in food and utilized in dietary supplements and medicinal products. It interacts with cellular receptors, triggering a sensory response often perceived as pain, measurable by the Scoville Organoleptic Test. However, due to its susceptibility to biases, this test has largely been supplanted by quantitative methods for determining capsaicin content. This systematic review investigates the relationship between quantitatively measured capsaicin levels in dietary products and their sensory effects. The review protocol, registered with the Open Science Framework (OSF), involved searches in the EBSCOHost, ProQuest, and Ovid databases. Findings indicate a direct correlation between quantitatively determined capsaicin levels and extrapolated Scoville Heat Unit (SHU) values. Additionally, associations were noted between capsaicin exposure and physiological responses, as well as between capsaicin sensitivity and other chemesthetic and taste modalities. However, no direct relationship was found between quantitative capsaicin levels in dietary products and consistent, reproducible measurements of their sensory effects. This research marks a point in the discourse where quantification technology refines the traditional SHU system and underscores the need to advance quantitative detection beyond SHU.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12835616/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146092647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yakubu Ibrahim, Amilia Afzan Mohd Jamil, Norshariza Nordin, Su Peng Loh, Nurul Iftida Basri
Vitamin D deficiency remains a global health concern for pregnant women. Adequate vitamin D is vital for optimal fetal development, immune regulation, and preventing adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study aims to determine the impact of vitamin D deficiency on pregnancy complications among a Malaysian cohort. This was a prospective observational study involving 414 pregnant women. Data was collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire, including sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics, vitamin D risk factor assessment questions, vitamin D status, and follow up for pregnancy outcomes. Serum vitamin D level was determined using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 64.7%. Participants' daily median total vitamin D intake was 11.2 μg/day which was significantly low compared with the vitamin D recommended nutrient intake (RNI) of the study population. The study found a significant association between vitamin D status and pregnancy complications: gestational hypertensive disorder ( ꭓ2 = 9.024; p = 0.011), preterm birth (ꭓ2 = 8.249; p = 0.016), and Group B Streptococcus carrier (ꭓ2 = 7.379; p = 0.025). Participants who reported vitamin D consumptions during pregnancy had decreased likelihood of gestational hypertensive disorders (aOR = 0.278 (0.08–4.79) 95% CI; p = 0.0001), Group B Streptococcus carriage (aOR = 0.282 (0.08–0.99) 95% CI; p = 0.048), and decreased likelihood of cesarean section (aOR = 0.580 (95% CI: 0.347–0.967); p = 0.037). Vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with increased risk of gestational hypertensive disorders, Group B Streptococcus carriage and cesarean section. It can be suggested that maternal vitamin D deficiency might be associated with an increased risk of some adverse pregnancy outcomes. Further interventional research is required to confirm a causal relationship, meanwhile promoting adequate vitamin D status among pregnant women may be beneficial.
{"title":"Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Effects on Pregnancy Outcomes","authors":"Yakubu Ibrahim, Amilia Afzan Mohd Jamil, Norshariza Nordin, Su Peng Loh, Nurul Iftida Basri","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.71377","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fsn3.71377","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Vitamin D deficiency remains a global health concern for pregnant women. Adequate vitamin D is vital for optimal fetal development, immune regulation, and preventing adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study aims to determine the impact of vitamin D deficiency on pregnancy complications among a Malaysian cohort. This was a prospective observational study involving 414 pregnant women. Data was collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire, including sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics, vitamin D risk factor assessment questions, vitamin D status, and follow up for pregnancy outcomes. Serum vitamin D level was determined using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 64.7%. Participants' daily median total vitamin D intake was 11.2 μg/day which was significantly low compared with the vitamin D recommended nutrient intake (RNI) of the study population. The study found a significant association between vitamin D status and pregnancy complications: gestational hypertensive disorder ( ꭓ<sup>2</sup> = 9.024; <i>p</i> = 0.011), preterm birth (ꭓ<sup>2</sup> = 8.249; <i>p</i> = 0.016), and Group B Streptococcus carrier (ꭓ<sup>2</sup> = 7.379; <i>p</i> = 0.025). Participants who reported vitamin D consumptions during pregnancy had decreased likelihood of gestational hypertensive disorders (aOR = 0.278 (0.08–4.79) 95% CI; <i>p</i> = 0.0001), Group B Streptococcus carriage (aOR = 0.282 (0.08–0.99) 95% CI; <i>p</i> = 0.048), and decreased likelihood of cesarean section (aOR = 0.580 (95% CI: 0.347–0.967); <i>p</i> = 0.037). Vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with increased risk of gestational hypertensive disorders, Group B Streptococcus carriage and cesarean section. It can be suggested that maternal vitamin D deficiency might be associated with an increased risk of some adverse pregnancy outcomes. Further interventional research is required to confirm a causal relationship, meanwhile promoting adequate vitamin D status among pregnant women may be beneficial.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12835557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146092734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeiran Putkaradze, Maia Vanidze, Sopio Ghoghoberidze, Ruslan Davitadze, Aleko Kalandia
This study provides a comprehensive chemical and functional characterization of Georgian Myrobalan plum (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.), a traditional fruit known locally as “tkemali.” Using advanced analytical methods including UPLC–PDA–MS and LC–ESI–MS, 34 phenolic compounds were identified, encompassing anthocyanins, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavan-3-ols, and flavonol glycosides. Cyanidin-based pigments, particularly cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside and cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, dominated the anthocyanin profile, while resveratrol was tentatively detected for the first time in this species. Organic acid analysis revealed malic acid as the principal acidulant, contributing to the fruit's characteristic tartness and strong buffering capacity. Comparative processing studies demonstrated that traditional high-heat methods (jam, open-pan concentrate) caused severe degradation of heat-labile phenolics and anthocyanins, with losses exceeding 90%, and significantly reduced antioxidant capacity. In contrast, innovative low-temperature technologies such as freeze-drying and rotary vacuum concentration preserved up to ninefold higher anthocyanin and sevenfold higher phenolic acid levels, enhancing the nutritional and functional quality of processed products. The fruit also exhibited high potassium content, reinforcing its nutritional value. These findings highlight P. cerasifera as a rich source of bioactive compounds and underscore the potential of non-thermal processing methods to retain its phytochemical integrity. The study establishes a scientific foundation for the valorization of Georgian tkemali as both a cultural product and a modern functional food ingredient.
本研究提供了格鲁吉亚梅(Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.)的综合化学和功能特征,这是一种传统的水果,在当地被称为“tkemali”。采用UPLC-PDA-MS和LC-ESI-MS等先进的分析方法,鉴定出34种酚类化合物,包括花青素、羟基肉桂酸、黄烷-3-醇和黄酮醇苷。花青素类色素以花青素-3- o -芦丁苷和花青素-3- o -半乳糖苷为主,白藜芦醇首次在该种中初步检测到。有机酸分析表明苹果酸是主要的酸化剂,使果实具有特有的酸味和较强的缓冲能力。对比加工研究表明,传统的高温处理方法(果酱、开锅浓缩)导致热不稳定的酚类物质和花青素严重降解,损失超过90%,显著降低了抗氧化能力。相比之下,冷冻干燥和旋转真空浓缩等创新低温技术可将花青素含量提高9倍,酚酸含量提高7倍,从而提高加工产品的营养和功能质量。果实还表现出高钾含量,增强了其营养价值。这些发现强调了石蜡是一种丰富的生物活性化合物来源,并强调了非热处理方法保留其植物化学完整性的潜力。这项研究为格鲁吉亚tkemali作为一种文化产品和现代功能性食品成分的价值增值奠定了科学基础。
{"title":"Traditional and Innovative Processing of Georgian Myrobalan Plum (P. cerasifera Ehrh): Effects on Phytochemical Content","authors":"Jeiran Putkaradze, Maia Vanidze, Sopio Ghoghoberidze, Ruslan Davitadze, Aleko Kalandia","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.71458","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fsn3.71458","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study provides a comprehensive chemical and functional characterization of Georgian Myrobalan plum (<i>Prunus cerasifera</i> Ehrh.), a traditional fruit known locally as “tkemali.” Using advanced analytical methods including UPLC–PDA–MS and LC–ESI–MS, 34 phenolic compounds were identified, encompassing anthocyanins, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavan-3-ols, and flavonol glycosides. Cyanidin-based pigments, particularly cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside and cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, dominated the anthocyanin profile, while resveratrol was tentatively detected for the first time in this species. Organic acid analysis revealed malic acid as the principal acidulant, contributing to the fruit's characteristic tartness and strong buffering capacity. Comparative processing studies demonstrated that traditional high-heat methods (jam, open-pan concentrate) caused severe degradation of heat-labile phenolics and anthocyanins, with losses exceeding 90%, and significantly reduced antioxidant capacity. In contrast, innovative low-temperature technologies such as freeze-drying and rotary vacuum concentration preserved up to ninefold higher anthocyanin and sevenfold higher phenolic acid levels, enhancing the nutritional and functional quality of processed products. The fruit also exhibited high potassium content, reinforcing its nutritional value. These findings highlight <i>P. cerasifera</i> as a rich source of bioactive compounds and underscore the potential of non-thermal processing methods to retain its phytochemical integrity. The study establishes a scientific foundation for the valorization of Georgian tkemali as both a cultural product and a modern functional food ingredient.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12835622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146092691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shaifullah Mansur Tanzil, Ahmed Azizul Hakim, Md Tasaffiul Islam, Farhan Tanvir, Israt Jahan, Arafat Faraque, Syed Mohammed Tareq, Md Areeful Haque, Md Amjad Hossen, Md. Shohel Al Faruk, Kazi Ashfak Ahmed Chowdhury, Mohammad Nazmul Islam
This study investigated the neuropharmacological and analgesic effects of the methanol extract of Macaranga peltata leaves (MEMPL) in rodents, supported by computational modeling. Phytochemical and GC–MS analyses revealed alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, glycosides, diterpenes, and other bioactive compounds. MEMPL (200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly increased open-arm exploration in the elevated plus maze and reduced head dipping in the hole-board test (p < 0.05), indicating anxiolytic activity. Dose-dependent reductions in locomotor activity in the open-field and hole-cross tests (p < 0.05) suggested central nervous system depressant effects. Although MEMPL reduced immobility in both FST and TST, its effects were notably weaker than fluoxetine, indicating modest antidepressant-like activity. MEMPL also demonstrated significant antinociceptive effects in acetic acid–induced writhing and formalin-induced paw-licking tests, likely via prostaglandin inhibition. Computational screening identified 2-hydroxy-6-methylbenzaldehyde as a potential bioactive compound with strong binding to proteins involved in anxiety, depression, and nociception. Overall, these findings highlight MEMPL's broad neuropharmacological and analgesic potential, demanding further mechanistic and dose–response studies.
{"title":"Macaranga peltata Alleviates Neuropsychiatric Disorders in Mouse Model and Computational Study","authors":"Shaifullah Mansur Tanzil, Ahmed Azizul Hakim, Md Tasaffiul Islam, Farhan Tanvir, Israt Jahan, Arafat Faraque, Syed Mohammed Tareq, Md Areeful Haque, Md Amjad Hossen, Md. Shohel Al Faruk, Kazi Ashfak Ahmed Chowdhury, Mohammad Nazmul Islam","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.71484","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fsn3.71484","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigated the neuropharmacological and analgesic effects of the methanol extract of <i>Macaranga peltata</i> leaves (MEMPL) in rodents, supported by computational modeling. Phytochemical and GC–MS analyses revealed alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, glycosides, diterpenes, and other bioactive compounds. MEMPL (200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly increased open-arm exploration in the elevated plus maze and reduced head dipping in the hole-board test (<i>p</i> < 0.05), indicating anxiolytic activity. Dose-dependent reductions in locomotor activity in the open-field and hole-cross tests (<i>p</i> < 0.05) suggested central nervous system depressant effects. Although MEMPL reduced immobility in both FST and TST, its effects were notably weaker than fluoxetine, indicating modest antidepressant-like activity. MEMPL also demonstrated significant antinociceptive effects in acetic acid–induced writhing and formalin-induced paw-licking tests, likely via prostaglandin inhibition. Computational screening identified 2-hydroxy-6-methylbenzaldehyde as a potential bioactive compound with strong binding to proteins involved in anxiety, depression, and nociception. Overall, these findings highlight MEMPL's broad neuropharmacological and analgesic potential, demanding further mechanistic and dose–response studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12830868/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146050978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiaming Wang, Xiaoguo Ji, Zhongbo Bian, Yuwei Liu, Wenliang Chen, Chuang Fan, Juan Li
Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), primarily composed of polar lipids and numerous glycoprotein-dominated proteins, is an emerging dairy ingredient with considerable application potential. This study systematically characterized the protein composition, structural features, nutritional properties, and digestive characteristics of three bovine milk protein materials: MFGM-enriched whey protein (MFGMP), whey protein concentrate (WPC), and micellar casein concentrate (MCC). Label-free quantitative proteomics identified 1025 proteins in MFGMP and 773 in WPC, with 284 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between them, including 247 upregulated and 37 downregulated proteins (MFGMP/WPC). Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicated that the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were mainly involved in protein transport, defense response to Gram-positive bacteria, and negative regulation of endopeptidase activity. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed enrichment in 45 metabolic pathways, notably complement and coagulation cascades, endocytosis, and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Structurally, MFGMP exhibited enhanced stability, characterized by higher α-helix and lower random coil content compared to WPC and MCC. Nutritionally, while valine was identified as the first limiting amino acid, MFGMP demonstrated a superior amino acid score and a higher essential amino acid index compared to both WPC and MCC, closely aligning with the FAO/WHO reference pattern and establishing it as a high-quality protein source. During in vitro digestion, MFGMP showed more rapid intestinal degradation with a higher degree of hydrolysis than WPC, demonstrating superior proteolytic accessibility and digestive efficiency. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the distinctive value of MFGMP and establish a scientific basis for developing MFGM-based functional foods.
{"title":"Characterization and Comparison of Milk Fat Globule Membrane Proteins, Whey Protein Concentrate, and Micellar Casein Concentrate","authors":"Jiaming Wang, Xiaoguo Ji, Zhongbo Bian, Yuwei Liu, Wenliang Chen, Chuang Fan, Juan Li","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.71468","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fsn3.71468","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), primarily composed of polar lipids and numerous glycoprotein-dominated proteins, is an emerging dairy ingredient with considerable application potential. This study systematically characterized the protein composition, structural features, nutritional properties, and digestive characteristics of three bovine milk protein materials: MFGM-enriched whey protein (MFGMP), whey protein concentrate (WPC), and micellar casein concentrate (MCC). Label-free quantitative proteomics identified 1025 proteins in MFGMP and 773 in WPC, with 284 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between them, including 247 upregulated and 37 downregulated proteins (MFGMP/WPC). Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicated that the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were mainly involved in protein transport, defense response to Gram-positive bacteria, and negative regulation of endopeptidase activity. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed enrichment in 45 metabolic pathways, notably complement and coagulation cascades, endocytosis, and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Structurally, MFGMP exhibited enhanced stability, characterized by higher α-helix and lower random coil content compared to WPC and MCC. Nutritionally, while valine was identified as the first limiting amino acid, MFGMP demonstrated a superior amino acid score and a higher essential amino acid index compared to both WPC and MCC, closely aligning with the FAO/WHO reference pattern and establishing it as a high-quality protein source. During in vitro digestion, MFGMP showed more rapid intestinal degradation with a higher degree of hydrolysis than WPC, demonstrating superior proteolytic accessibility and digestive efficiency. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the distinctive value of MFGMP and establish a scientific basis for developing MFGM-based functional foods.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12828347/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146051083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}