Food Science & Nutrition最新文献

The increasing demand for plant-based beverages with improved functional and sensory qualities has guided this study, which examines the bioactive content, functional, and sensory properties of a rice, apple pomace, and sea buckthorn beverage (RASB) fermented with probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We found out that total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and β-carotene were significantly higher in samples with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, particularly in coculture samples. These samples also exhibited elevated alcohol by volume (ABV). Monoculture samples showed increased total flavonol content (TFLC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), and proanthocyanidin. The RASB-LP sample, containing only Lactobacillus plantarum, revealed the highest antioxidant properties, evidenced by DPPH (94.13 ± 0.05%) and ABTS (97.69 ± 0.09%) assays. Interestingly, 3-methylbutyl 3-methylbutanoate, abundant in the unfermented control, was hydrolyzed to 3-methyl-1-butanol in fermented samples, especially those containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Sensory evaluation evidenced that RASB-LP scored highest for aroma and overall acceptability. FTIR analysis also indicated changes in functional groups of RASB samples. Together, our findings suggest that a novel probiotic cereal beverage with enhanced quality can be developed through the addition of fruit and fruit pomace, coupled with fermentation using Lactobacillus plantarum LP28 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The research explored the influences of 2% and 4% heat-treated fresh elderberry fruit mash supplement and 0.5% and 1% dried elderberry powder supplement before and after fermentation in kefir production on certain features of kefir beverage. Antioxidant activity, total monomeric anthocyanin, and total phenolic content were 16.69–75.67 (μmol TE/kg), 14.64–88.20 (mg cyn-3-gly/kg), and 167.94–531.33 mg GAE/kg in the samples during storage, respectively. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were higher in kefir samples produced with elderberry powder when compared to the other samples. It was determined that L* and b* increased with the decrease in the fruit supplement in kefir production, and L* and b* values were mostly higher in kefirs with fruit supplement before fermentation. The highest ACE inhibitor activity was observed in the kefir sample (1-DEPre sample) with 1% dried elderberry supplement before fermentation on the first day of storage. It was determined that the general appreciation scores were above 3, and the samples produced mostly with dried elderberry powder were appreciated more when compared to the samples produced with fresh elderberry.

Stellaria media L., also called chickweed, is widespread in all parts of the world. In the present study, we investigated the biological properties and chemical profiles of different extracts (ethyl acetate, ethanol, ethanol/water, and water) of S. media. The chemical profiles were examined using UHPLC/MS/MS technique. Regarding the biological properties, antioxidant properties as well as enzyme-inhibiting and cytotoxic effects of the extracts were demonstrated by in vitro methods. To obtain further information about the structure-ability relationship, network pharmacology and molecular docking were also performed. Twelve phenolic compounds were identified in the extracts and most of them were flavonoids (apigenin, kaempferol derivatives, etc.). The water extract showed the best free radical scavenging activity, while the ethanol was the most active in reducing power tests. When inhibiting AChE, the ethyl acetate extract showed the best inhibitory effect. The water extract has a good cytotoxic effect on HepG2 (cell viability: 33.9% at a concentration of 100 g/mL). The analysis, performed using the STRING database, included these 45 cancer-associated targets. The identified hub genes were TP53, CDKN2A, PTEN, KRAS, and HRAS. In molecular docking analysis, acacetin-O-hexoside-O-deoxyhexoside and napigenin-7-O-hexoside exhibit remarkable binding energies with proteins. Consequently, S. media can be potential raw materials for designing functional formulations in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical industries.

Roasted peanuts (OPs) are more often used in daily life than boiled peanuts (BPs); the main reason may be related to the pleasurable flavor in OPs. This study comparatively investigated the effects of boiling and roasting on nutritional components contents, taste, and aroma to reveal the advantages of roasting in terms of the nutrition and flavor of peanuts. Results showed that boiling increased fat content to 54.47% of peanuts, diluted or reduced sugar content to an undetectable level, noticeably changed the contents of poly/monounsaturated fatty acids, and significantly decreased the content of free amino acid (FAA, 1.05 mg/g peanuts) in peanuts. Roasting simply decreased the contents of sugar and FAA to 2.78 and 1.82 mg/g peanuts, respectively. Compared with roasting, boiling had more discernible effects on fatty acids and FAAs. Both BPs and OPs have good dietary lipid quality. In terms of flavor, OPs had more FAAs (2 types) that contributed remarkably to the taste of peanuts than BPs (0 types), more volatile substances (40 types) than BPs (12 types), and a higher number of key volatile aroma components (8 types) than BPs (3 types). That is, roasting induced a relatively small effect on nutritional components and gave peanuts a richer taste and stronger aroma than boiling; therefore, roasting is an ideal peanut processing method. This study proved the different changes in peanuts caused by boiling and roasting on a material basis and corroborated the irreplaceability of roasting in peanut processing.

The present study was to explore relationship between serum lipid profiles and the polymorphism of rs324420 at fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) gene (FAAH rs324420) and its confounders in Chinese adolescents. Serum lipids, glucose, and insulin levels were assessed using routine methods in a cohort of 708 high school students. Dietary intake was investigated by 3-day diet records, and intakes of protein, fat, and carbohydrate were calculated. FAAH rs324420 was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique and confirmed through DNA sequencing. In the whole study population, increased HDL-C levels were observed in FAAH rs324420 CC homozygotes than those in A allele carriers. Body mass index (BMI), gender, intake of fat, and FAAH rs324420 were predictive factors of HDL-C levels in the whole study population. Moreover, BMI and intake of fat were predictors of HDL-C levels in male FAAH rs324420 A allele carriers and female CC homozygotes, but only BMI was predictor of HDL-C in female A allele carriers and male CC homozygotes. These results demonstrate that there are mutual effects of dietary fat with gender, BMI, and FAAH rs324420 on HDL-C levels, which pave a novel way to explore the heterogeneous relationship of serum lipid profiles with diets or FAAH rs324420 and provide a new perspective of precision dietary interventions of dyslipidemia, especially in adolescents.

The gut serves as the body's main immunological and digestive system. Furthermore, host immunity is mostly managed there. Nutrients are further broken down and absorbed here. Numerous research investigations have shown evidence that inflammation, oxidative stress, impairment of the intestinal barrier, and imbalance in the gut microbiota can all contribute to a variety of intestinal illnesses and other issues, underscoring the growing significance of intestinal health concerns. Because of their high biological activity and lack of negative side effects, the organic food-derived chemicals known as brown algal polysaccharides—mainly fucoidan, laminaran, and alginate—have attracted a lot of attention from academics. Because of its many benefits, sodium alginate is one of the biopolymers that has garnered the greatest attention, research, and application. Carotenoids, which are found in our food, have several positive health effects. Their low solubility in water, oxidation susceptibility, chemical instability, accessibility, and restricted solubility in water, however, restrict their use in food and medicine. In this review and in overcoming these constraints, encapsulation might be helpful. Furthermore, the primary goal of our study is to provide a fresh perspective into the control and avoidance of intestinal diseases. It provides more potent alternatives to this system, clarifies the function of alginates in enhancing the encapsulation of carotenoids, and functions as a model for the synthesis of the intestinal protective agent fucoidan.

In this study, rainbow trout patties (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) were treated under a modified atmosphere (MA) (60/40:CO₂/N₂) packed with microbial transglutaminase enzyme (MTGase) at varying concentrations (0.5% and 1%) and kept for a full day at 2°C ± 2°C. Denser and more complex intermolecular cross-linking formations between peptides and gel network structures were observed in the first and last scanning electron microscope images of MTGase-containing groups. MTGase increased the springiness, hardness, shear force, and work-of-shear parameters during the storage period in uncooked and cooked patties compared to the control group. The protein, energy, moisture, and amino acid contents were maintained in the MTGase-containing groups, but using MTGase at higher concentrations was ineffective. Microbiological analyses have shown that MTGase is partially effective on microbial fauna, and the most significant inhibitory effect was determined on total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMAB). In all groups, the total amounts of saturated, monosaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids remained unchanged on both production and expiration days (p > 0.05). After mixing the burger patty additives into the ground meat, the amounts of sodium, calcium, potassium, and magnesium increased in all groups (p < 0.05); however, a decrease in calcium was observed in the MTGase-containing groups (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. The higher proportion of the MTGase-contained group did not exhibit significant differences compared to the lower proportion of the MTGase-contained group, except for textural characteristics and the TMAB inhibition effect.

Resveratrol, a natural compound found in various plants, is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and senescence-delaying properties. RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation plays a crucial role in oxidative stress and premature cellular senescence processes and is closely associated with age-related disorders. However, the anti-premature senescence via RNA m6A methylation mechanism of resveratrol is still not fully understood. In this study, based on premature senescence model of human embryonic lung fibroblasts (HEFs) induced by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), a widely accepted model of premature senescence caused by oxidative stress, we explored the anti-aging regulatory effects of resveratrol at the RNA m6A methylation level. Our data suggested that resveratrol significantly delayed premature senescence by increasing cell viability, reducing SA-β-gal blue staining rate, ROS levels, and senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASP) expression in HEFs. Meanwhile, resveratrol increased the whole RNA methyltransferases activity and the overall m6A level during senescence. Furthermore, three genes CCND2, E2F1, and GADD45B have been identified as the main ones regulating premature by resveratrol. Specifically, it decreased E2F1, GADD45B RNA m6A methylation level, and increased CCND2 level in premature cells. Our study provided new clues for exploring the mechanism and application of resveratrol in the field of premature aging.

Cobalamin, generally known as vitamin B₁₂, is a crucial component required for humans in several physiological processes. It has been produced from sources that are derived from animals, making it difficult for vegetarians and vegans to consume the recommended amount each day. The importance of vitamin B₁₂ in red blood cell production, DNA synthesis, and brain processes has been highlighted. Recent studies have looked at different methods of producing vitamin B₁₂, such as microbial fermentation. Propionibacterium shermanii and Pseudomonas denitrificans have demonstrated remarkable potential as fermented sources of vitamin B₁₂. Compared to conventional sources, the bioavailability of vitamin B₁₂ produced by P. denitrificans and P. shermanii is more effective in meeting dietary needs. Vitamin B₁₂ can be produced naturally by P. denitrificans. It is equipped with the enzymes and metabolic pathways required to produce this vital vitamin. The fermentation of several dietary substrates by P. shermanii can improve nutrient bioavailability. P. shermanii generates enzymes during fermentation that aid in the breakdown of complex nutrients, facilitating easier absorption and utilization by the body. The motive of the following critical evaluation is to assess the advantages of vitamin B₁₂ for health and the capacity of P. denitrificans and P. shermanii to produce it through fermentation.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent gut disorder linked to changes in the gut microbiota, including lactic acid bacteria (LAB). However, research on LAB biodiversity in IBS patients is limited. This study aimed to compare LAB microbiota in healthy individuals and those with IBS through biochemical and molecular techniques. Fecal samples from 15 IBS patients and 13 healthy individuals were collected, and LAB were isolated using biochemical methods. Fifty isolates were chosen based on Gram staining and catalase tests and identified through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A phylogenetic tree was used to analyze strain diversity, and correlation diagrams and swarm plots were employed to explore variable relationships. The study revealed a significant difference in LAB numbers between IBS and healthy subjects, with average of 5.91 and 6.63, respectively. Most bacteria were Gram-positive cocci or bacilli, with homofermentative characteristics, except for one heterofermentative sample from the healthy group. Both IBS and healthy groups exhibited strains from Lactobacillus and Enterococcus genera, with Enterococcus faecium being predominant in both. Demographic analysis showed higher IBS prevalence among individuals aged 20–40, with IBS-C more common in women and IBS-D in men. The study concluded that individuals with IBS had significantly lower LAB microbiota counts, potentially impacting intestinal defense function. Further exploration of LAB behavioral and immunomodulatory traits may enhance understanding of intestinal microbiota's role in IBS and aid in developing treatment strategies.