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Message Characteristics and Students’ Preference of Noodles in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State 阿夸伊博姆州乌约市的信息特征和学生对面条的偏好
Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.61090/aksujacog.2023.025
I. Bassey, E. L. Unanam
In the current competitive business environment, some businesses lose market share because customers do not buy their products or the message they get from their advertisements does not captivate their interest. This study examined how message characteristics affect students' preferences for selected noodles in Uyo. The specific objectives were to ascertain the extent to which the novelty of the advertising message, worthiness of the advertising message courteousness and use of conversational tone in the advertising message influence the preferences. To achieve the objectives of the study, a survey research design was adopted. The researchers utilized primary data through the use of a structured questionnaire. The population of the study was 44,631 students, 200 of them constituted the sample after adopting a purposive and multistage random sampling. The hypotheses were tested with both simple and multiple linear regression analysis. The simple regression analysis was used to test hypotheses one and two, while multiple regression was used to test hypotheses three. The findings revealed that novelty, newsworthiness, courteousness and the use of conversational tone significantly influence the preference for noodles in the study area. The study concluded that message characteristics of a product convey core information about the product and aid the consumer in making an informed decision about the product, as information is an integral part of marketing activity and that message characteristics perform an important role in marketing communications at the point of sales since they are important elements of modern lifestyle and branding process. It was recommended that noodles-producing firms maintain the novelty of the advertising message to enhance their level of consumer preference.
在当前竞争激烈的商业环境中,一些企业失去了市场份额,原因是顾客不购买他们的产品,或者他们从广告中获得的信息不能吸引他们的兴趣。本研究探讨了广告信息的特点如何影响学生对乌约某些面条的偏好。具体目标是确定广告信息的新颖性、广告信息的价值性、广告信息的礼貌性以及广告信息中对话语气的使用对偏好的影响程度。为实现研究目标,研究人员采用了调查研究设计。研究人员通过结构化问卷调查获得了第一手数据。研究对象为 44631 名学生,采用目的性和多阶段随机抽样后,其中 200 人构成样本。假设采用简单和多元线性回归分析进行检验。简单回归分析用于检验假设一和二,多元回归用于检验假设三。研究结果表明,新颖性、新闻价值、礼貌性和对话语气的使用对研究地区的面条偏好有显著影响。研究得出结论,产品的信息特征传达了产品的核心信息,有助于消费者对产品做出明智的决定,因为信息是营销活动不可分割的一部分,信息特征在销售点的营销传播中发挥着重要作用,因为它们是现代生活方式和品牌塑造过程中的重要元素。建议面条生产企业保持广告信息的新颖性,以提高消费者的偏好程度。
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引用次数: 0
Workforce Planning and Organizational Performance in Selected SMEs in Akwa Ibom State 阿夸伊博姆州部分中小企业的劳动力规划与组织绩效
Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.61090/aksujacog.2023.021
Imoh Sunday Akpan, S. Okebaram, Eyeyemi Feyisayo Pimaro, Charity Ifeyinwa Nwanka
The study focused on the impact of workforce planning and organizational performance in Selected SMEs in Akwa Ibom State. It assessed the impact of demand forecasting and assessment, ascertained the effect of contingent workforce on organizational efficiency, examined the influence of succession planning on employee performance and determined the relationship between workforce planning and organizational performance in selected SMEs in Akwa Ibom State. The study made use of a survey design and adopted both primary and secondary sources of data to collect information from respondents. The target population was 170 respondents from eight selected SMEs in Akwa Ibom State, while the sample size was 119 respondents. Thus, a total of one hundred and nineteen (119) copies of the structured questionnaire were administered to eight selected SMEs in Akwa Ibom State, while ninety of them (90) were retrieved. These translated to a response rate of 75.6%. A regression model was used to test the hypotheses of the study. The study found that succession planning has a significant influence on the employee performance of selected SMEs in Akwa Ibom State and that there is a positive relationship between workforce planning and the organizational performance of selected SMEs in Akwa Ibom State. The study recommended that Organizations should adopt a workforce plan that will enable them to design the most appropriate organizational structure, acquire and maintain a sustainable pool of employees with the requisite skills and develop a blueprint that will help them adapt easily to ever-changing government policies.
研究重点是劳动力规划对阿夸伊博姆州部分中小企业组织绩效的影响。研究评估了需求预测和评估的影响,确定了应急劳动力对组织效率的影响,考察了继任规划对员工绩效的影响,并确定了阿夸伊博姆州部分中小企业劳动力规划与组织绩效之间的关系。研究采用了调查设计,并通过主要和次要数据来源收集受访者的信息。目标人群是来自阿夸伊博姆州八家选定中小企业的 170 名受访者,样本量为 119 名受访者。因此,共向阿夸伊博姆州选定的八家中小企业发放了 119 份结构化问卷,收回了其中的 90 份。答复率为 75.6%。采用回归模型对研究假设进行了检验。研究发现,继任规划对阿夸伊博姆州部分中小企业的员工绩效有重大影响,劳动力规划与阿夸伊博姆州部分中小企业的组织绩效之间存在正相关关系。研究建议,各组织应采用劳动力计划,使其能够设计最合适的组织结构,获得并保持一批具备必要技能的可持续员工,并制定一个蓝图,帮助其轻松适应不断变化的政府政策。
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引用次数: 0
Maintenance Culture of Road Infrastructure and Socio Economic Development in Uyo Local Government Area Akwa Ibom State Nigeria 尼日利亚阿夸伊博姆州乌约地方政府地区的道路基础设施维护文化与社会经济发展
Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.61090/aksujacog.2023.022
Sunday E. Offong, Okoro Sunday Asangausung, Nkereuwem Sampson Udom, Elijah Obio Solomon
The focus of this study was on the maintenance culture of road infrastructure and the socioeconomic development in Uyo Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The study was guided by the assumptions of Talcott Parsons' Structural Functionalism Theory. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The population of this study consisted of critical stakeholders which included eleven (11) Councilors, Chairman, Vice Chairman, Secretary and technocrats – Head of Local Government Service, Director of Finance, Director of Works, and Director of Environmental Health as key informants; and key workforce in AKROIMA and FERMA were part of the participants. The sample size for the study was 40 participants who were selected using purposive and snowballing non-probability sampling techniques. The study adopted observation, key informant interview (KII) and in-depth interview guide (IIG) as major instruments. The findings showed, among others, that maintenance culture is minimally felt in Uyo Local Government Area as a result of the slow response of the maintenance agencies to the deplorable roads in the area. Equally, prompt release of funds distorted by bureaucratic processes constituted a major hindrance to quick response which has affected the access to vital socio-economic institutions and marred the pace of socio-economic development in the study area. The study recommended stakeholders' concerted efforts through advocacy, support, and concern geared toward road maintenance for the development of social life and economic well-being.
本研究的重点是尼日利亚阿夸伊博姆州乌约地方政府辖区的道路基础设施维护文化和社会经济发展。本研究以塔尔科特-帕森斯(Talcott Parsons)的结构功能主义理论为指导。研究采用了描述性调查设计。研究对象由关键利益相关者组成,包括十一(11)名议员、主席、副主席、秘书和技术专家--地方政府服务主管、财务主管、工程主管和环境卫生主管作为关键信息提供者;AKROIMA 和 FERMA 的关键员工也是参与者的一部分。本次研究的样本量为 40 人,采用目的性抽样和滚雪球式非概率抽样技术选出。研究采用了观察、关键信息提供者访谈(KII)和深度访谈指南(IIG)作为主要工具。研究结果表明,在乌约地方政府辖区,由于养护机构对辖区内破败不堪的道路反应迟缓,养护文化的影响微乎其微。同样,由于官僚程序的扭曲,资金的及时发放成为快速反应的主要障碍,这影响了重要社会经济机构的使用,并阻碍了研究地区的社会经济发展步伐。研究建议利益相关方共同努力,通过宣传、支持和关注道路维护来促进社会生活和经济福祉的发展。
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引用次数: 0
Inmate Rehabilitation Idea and the Challenges of Policy Implementation in the Nigerian Correctional Centres 尼日利亚惩教中心的囚犯改造理念和政策实施挑战
Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.61090/aksujacog.2023.031
O. O. Oyewo
The paper examined the challenges of policy implementation in Nigeria with a focus on inmate rehabilitation ideas in Nigerian correctional centres. Attempts to make prisons in Nigeria treatment or rehabilitation centres is not a recent phenomenon but the passage of the Nigerian Correctional Service Bill into law in 2019 was a watershed in the history of correctional rehabilitation in the country. In addition to the change of name to reflect rehabilitation as the goal of incarceration, Section 14 (1&2) of the 2019 Correctional Service Act provides for the rehabilitation of inmates as a core responsibility of the service. Using a desk research approach, the paper explored available information to examine the progress of inmate rehabilitation idea in Nigeria. However, challenges to effective policy implementation have negatively impacted the implementation of inmate rehabilitation policy in the country. Implementing effective inmate rehabilitation policies in Nigeria requires a holistic and sustained effort involving various stakeholders, including the government, non-governmental organisations and the community, staff training, assessment and classification of inmates, removal of legal and social barriers, improved funding, and improved collaboration with the non-governmental organisations.
本文研究了尼日利亚在执行政策方面面临的挑战,重点关注尼日利亚惩教中心的囚犯改造理念。试图将尼日利亚监狱打造成治疗或康复中心并非最近才出现的现象,但《尼日利亚惩教服务法案》于2019年通过成为法律,是该国惩教康复史上的一个分水岭。除了更名以反映改造作为监禁的目标之外,2019 年《惩教服务法案》第 14(1&2)条还规定,囚犯改造是惩教服务的核心职责。本文采用案头研究的方法,探讨了现有信息,以研究尼日利亚囚犯改造理念的进展情况。然而,有效执行政策所面临的挑战对该国囚犯改造政策的执行产生了负面影响。要在尼日利亚实施有效的囚犯改造政策,需要各利益相关方(包括政府、非政府组织和社区)做出全面和持续的努力,对工作人员进行培训,对囚犯进行评估和分类,消除法律和社会障碍,增加资金,加强与非政府组织的合作。
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of Information Communication Technology (ICT) on Revenue Generation in Gombe State Internal Revenue Service 信息通信技术(ICT)对贡贝州国内税收局创收的影响
Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.61090/aksujacog.2023.017
Mahmoud Umar, Usman Bappi, Cleobas James
This study examined the effect of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on revenue generation in Gombe State Internal Revenue Service to find out if the application of ICT increased the efficiency of revenue collection. The theory adopted for this study was the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The research design used was survey research in which information was gathered from a sample of respondents. The total population of the study was 98 staff of Gombe State Internal Revenue Service who constituted the sample size of the study. The questionnaire was administered using a simple random sampling technique. Data were analysed using average mean score, while the hypotheses were tested using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings of the study revealed that there is a significant difference in mean between the availability of ICT Infrastructure and an increase in Revenue Collection; that there is a moderate positive relationship between ICT availability and revenue generation in Gombe State Internal Revenue Service; and that there is a correlation Coefficient for the relationship between the introduction of ICT and the ease of doing business in Gombe State Internal Revenue Service. The study recommended, among others, that Gombe State Board of Internal Revenue should ensure an improved ICT infrastructure which includes completion of the fibre-optic network project, provision of adequate computer systems and reliable UPS to all offices for staff.
本研究探讨了信息和通信技术(ICT)对贡贝州国内税收局创收的影响,以了解信息和通信技术的应用是否提高了税收效率。本研究采用的理论是技术接受模型(TAM)。采用的研究设计是调查研究,从受访者样本中收集信息。研究对象为贡贝州国税局的 98 名工作人员,他们构成了研究的样本量。问卷调查采用简单随机抽样技术。数据采用平均值进行分析,而假设则借助社会科学统计软件包(SPSS)采用方差分析(ANOVA)进行检验。研究结果表明,信息和通信技术基础设施的可用性与税收增加之间的平均值存在显著差异;信息和通信技术的可用性与贡贝州国税局的创收之间存在适度的正相关关系;信息和通信技术的引入与贡贝州国税局的业务便利性之间存在相关系数。研究建议,除其他外,贡贝州国内税收局应确保改善信息和通信技术基础设施,包括完成光纤网络项目,为所有办事处的工作人员提供充足的计算机系统和可靠的不间断电源。
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引用次数: 0
Workforce Training: A Tool to Boost Academic Performance of Selected Tertiary Institutions in Abia State 劳动力培训:提高阿比亚州部分高等院校学习成绩的工具
Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.61090/aksujacog.2023.035
Uche Deborah Kelechi-Nwamuo, Meruo Emmanuel Okeoma
The study focused on workforce training: A tool to boost the academic performance of selected tertiary institutions in Abia State. The study sought to ascertain the impact of coaching and mentoring on academic performance in selected tertiary institutions in Abia State. The study adopted a survey research design. The study employed a primary source of data. The population consisted of 2934 employees from the academic staff of the selected tertiary institutions in Abia State. The sample size of the study was 352 which was determined with the Taro Yamane formula. 15 copies of the questionnaire were lost, while 337 copies were retrieved, that is, 95.8% which formed the basis for the study. The stratified Random Sampling technique was used for the study, while the regression model was used to test the selected hypotheses. The findings of the study revealed that there is a significant relationship between coaching and mentoring on the academic performance of selected tertiary institutions in Abia State, with p-value = .004 < .05 significance level. The study recommended that institutions under the study should make sure that they improve on mentoring through training, seminars and workshops, on-the-job mentoring and conferences or formal mentoring programmes across many disciplines where academic resources should be allocated to identify reality.
研究重点是劳动力培训:提高阿比亚州部分高等院校学习成绩的工具。本研究旨在确定辅导和指导对阿比亚州部分高等院校学习成绩的影响。研究采用了调查研究设计。研究采用了原始数据来源。研究对象包括阿比亚州选定高等院校的 2934 名教职员工。研究的样本量为 352 个,是根据山根太郎公式确定的。问卷遗失 15 份,收回 337 份,即 95.8%,这构成了研究的基础。研究采用了分层随机抽样技术,并使用回归模型对选定的假设进行了检验。研究结果表明,辅导和指导对阿比亚州选定高等院校的学业成绩有显著影响,P 值 = .004 < .05 显著性水平。研究建议,研究范围内的院校应确保通过培训、研讨会和讲习班、在职辅导和会议或跨学科的正式辅导计划来改进辅导工作,并应分配学术资源以查明现实情况。
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引用次数: 0
Government Administrative Practices and Spread of COVID-19 in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria 尼日利亚阿夸伊博姆州政府的行政做法与 COVID-19 的传播
Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.61090/aksujacog.2023.033
Aniefiok Ekanem, Sunday Effiong Ibanga
This study examined government administrative practices and the spread of COVID-19 in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, employing a survey research design. The study sought to ascertain the effect of lockdown and quarantine as administrative practices on the spread of COVID-19 in Akwa Ibom State. Data were collected from three hospitals, one from each of the three senatorial districts of the state. A descriptive research design was adopted to review data, using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25. The Emergency management theory was reviewed as a basis for the explanation of concepts for the study. The findings of the study revealed a significant effect of lockdown administrative practices on reducing the spread of COVID-19, while quarantine administrative practices indicated an insignificant impact on the spread of COVID-19 in Akwa Ibom State. It was concluded that the use of lockdown and quarantine were useful administrative instruments for curtailing the spread of COVID-19 in Akwa Ibom State. The study therefore recommended that lockdown should be used in disease-endemic areas in Akwa Ibom state, especially in areas with high infection rates for Lassa fever and others. This would help curb infections like coronavirus. Also. there is a need for the government to retain all the activated quarantine centres for healthcare purposes if another pandemic occurs. This will reinforce the preventive capacity of the government to deal with such.
本研究采用调查研究设计,对尼日利亚阿夸伊博姆州的政府行政措施和 COVID-19 的传播进行了研究。研究旨在确定封锁和检疫作为行政措施对 COVID-19 在阿夸伊博姆州传播的影响。数据收集自三家医院,该州三个参议院辖区各一家。研究采用描述性研究设计,使用社会科学统计软件包 (SPSS) 25 版本审查数据。本研究以应急管理理论为基础进行概念解释。研究结果表明,封锁管理措施对减少 COVID-19 的传播有显著效果,而检疫管理措施对 COVID-19 在阿夸伊博姆州的传播影响不大。研究得出结论,封锁和检疫是遏制 COVID-19 在阿夸伊博姆州传播的有效行政手段。因此,研究建议在阿夸伊博姆州的疾病流行地区,特别是在拉沙热和其他疾病的高感染率地区使用封锁。这将有助于遏制冠状病毒等感染。此外,如果再次发生大流行病,政府有必要保留所有已启用的隔离中心,用于医疗保健目的。这将加强政府应对大流行病的预防能力。
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引用次数: 0
Indirect Monetary Policy and Performance of the Nigerian Economy 间接货币政策与尼日利亚经济表现
Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.61090/aksujacog.2023.029
I. Acha, Keto Roosevelt Enow
This study was carried out to examine the effect of indirect monetary policy on the performance of the Nigerian Economy from 1993 to 2020. In carrying out the investigation, the researchers made use of various parameters which included real gross domestic product (RGDP) as a variable of economic performance, while open market operations (OMO), monetary policy rate (MPR), cash reserve ratio (CRR) and liquidity ratio (LQR) were used as monetary policy variables. In this study, secondary data were used, while the ex-post facto research design was employed. Multiple regression analyses, unit root tests and co-integration tests were the econometric techniques used for data analysis. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test statistic revealed that the time series properties of the variables were stationary at level, first and second differences. The variables were co-integrated with at least three cointegrating equations for the tested hypothesis. The multiple regression analysis results revealed that indirect monetary policy instruments explained approximately 73 per cent, of total variations in RGDP. The individual variables: OMO, MPR, and CRR were statistically significant to changes in RGDP, while LQR was statistically insignificant. The study found a positive relationship between indirect monetary policy and the performance of the Nigerian economy and further concluded that indirect monetary policy contributed positively to the performance of the Nigerian economy within the period under review.
本研究旨在探讨 1993 至 2020 年间间接货币政策对尼日利亚经济表现的影响。在调查过程中,研究人员使用了各种参数,包括作为经济表现变量的实际国内生产总值(RGDP),以及作为货币政策变量的公开市场操作(OMO)、货币政策利率(MPR)、现金储备率(CRR)和流动性比率(LQR)。本研究使用了二手数据,并采用了事后研究设计。数据分析采用了多元回归分析、单位根检验和协整检验等计量经济学技术。扩增迪基-富勒(ADF)检验统计显示,变量的时间序列属性在水平、一差和二差上是静态的。在所检验的假设中,变量至少与三个协整方程协整。多元回归分析结果显示,间接货币政策工具解释了国内生产总值总变化的约 73%。单个变量OMO、MPR 和 CRR 对国内生产总值的变化具有显著的统计意义,而 LQR 在统计意义上并不显著。研究发现,间接货币政策与尼日利亚经济表现之间存在正相关关系,并进一步得出结论,间接货币政策在报告所述期间对尼日利亚经济表现做出了积极贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Financial Management Capabilities and Demographic Characteristics on Sustainable Sales Growth of Selected Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Nigeria 财务管理能力和人口特征对尼日利亚部分中小型企业(MSMEs)销售额可持续增长的影响
Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.61090/aksujacog.2023.024
Joseph A. Dada, F. A. Babatola, Adeyemi B. Adebusoye, Christianah O. Ajayi, Grace O. Dada
This study measured the relationship between of financial management capabilities and sustainable sales growth of selected small and medium enterprises using demographic characteristics as a mediating variable. Explanatory survey was used as a research design. The population of the study was 2465 registered Medium and Small Scale Enterprises (MSMEs) in Small and Medium Development Agency of Nigeria (Ogun State Chapter). The determined sample size of study was 288 copies of questionnaire validly retrieved from owners and managers of MSMEs and used for the analysis. Both descriptive and correlation analyses were employed for the test of the hypothesis through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software 22. The study revealed that MSMEs that are supposed to contribute to Gross Domestic Products of the state are collapsing due to lack of useful financial management capabilities (financial planning, financial forecasting, financial budgeting, & financial auditing and controlling) because of their business size and nature. The study concluded that MSMEs in food, agro-allied and services need to establish strong financial management capabilities to enhance their relevance, survival and growth in Ogun State. The study recommended that policy makers in Nigeria should embark on policy implementation that provides better and easier financial succour and empower MSME owners and managers to reduce the collapse of MSMEs in Ogun State.
本研究以人口统计学特征为中介变量,衡量了部分中小型企业的财务管理能力与可持续销售增长之间的关系。研究设计采用了解释性调查。研究对象为在尼日利亚中小型发展机构(奥贡州分部)注册的 2465 家中小型企业(MSMEs)。确定的研究样本量是从中小型企业的所有者和管理者处收回的有效问卷 288 份,并用于分析。研究采用了描述性分析和相关性分析,通过社会科学统计软件包(SPSS)22 对假设进行了检验。研究显示,本应为本州国内生产总值做出贡献的中小微企业,由于其业务规模和性质,缺乏有用的财务管理能力(财务规划、财务预测、财务预算、财务审计和控制),正在倒闭。研究得出结论,食品、农副产品和服务业的中小微企业需要建立强大的财务管理能力,以提高其在奥贡州的相关性、生存和发展。研究建议,尼日利亚的政策制定者应着手实施相关政策,提供更好、更便捷的财务支持,增强中小微企业所有者和管理者的能力,以减少奥贡州中小微企业的倒闭。
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引用次数: 0
Social Corporate Responsibility of Champion Breweries and Socio-economic Development in Host Communities in Akwa Ibom State (2015-2022): A Critical Appraisal 冠军啤酒公司的社会企业责任与阿夸伊博姆州东道社区的社会经济发展(2015-2022 年):批判性评估
Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.61090/aksujacog.2023.028
Abasikponke Sunday Mkpanam, Ekong E. Daniel, Ofonmbuk Etido Atakpa
As organizations seek to expand their patronage for profit-making, they develop different strategies to establish equilibrium with the host communities. One such strategy is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) which has been ingrained in the organizational culture of Champion Breweries, Akwa Ibom State. However, some of the approaches of CSR have not matched the intrinsic essentials of socio-economic development, which is why the paper is aimed at examining the CSR of Champions Breweries to the host communities. The Stakeholder’s Theory was adopted for the study. The qualitative method represented through the descriptive research design was used for the study. Data were also obtained through the interview method. It was discovered that Champion Breweries have contributed to socioeconomic development in the host communities through donations for power supply, provision of annual scholarships to at least 10 indigenes of the host communities, and sponsoring free medical services. However, it was observed that these contributions were majorly presented in monetary forms through donations to certain institutions and projects, without concrete supervision on their uses and effects. It was recommended that Champions Breweries should not only focus on the monetary aspect of CSR but also include services, infrastructures and skill-based programmes in its CSR package.
在企业寻求扩大客源以获取利润的过程中,它们会制定不同的战略,以建立与所在社区的平衡。企业社会责任(CSR)就是这样一种战略,它已深深扎根于阿夸伊博姆州冠军啤酒厂的组织文化之中。然而,企业社会责任的某些方法并不符合社会经济发展的内在本质,这就是本文旨在研究冠军啤酒公司对所在社区的企业社会责任的原因。本研究采用了利益相关者理论。研究采用了描述性研究设计的定性方法。数据也是通过访谈法获得的。研究发现,冠军酿酒厂通过捐赠电力供应、每年向至少 10 名东道社区居民提供奖学金以及赞助免费医疗服务,为东道社区的社会经济发展做出了贡献。然而,据观察,这些捐助主要是通过向某些机构和项目捐款的形式以货币形式提供的,没有对其用途和效果进行具体监督。会议建议,冠军啤酒公司不应只关注企业社会责任的金钱方面,还应将服务、基础设施和以技能为基础的计划纳入其企业社会责任一揽子计划中。
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引用次数: 0
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AKSU Journal of Administration and Corporate Governance
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