Pub Date : 2023-11-18DOI: 10.9734/psij/2023/v27i6805
M. Tursunov, A. Dekhkanov, G. Abdurakhmanov
In this article, results of investigation of the effect of temperature on radial distribution function of atoms in lead-silicate glass are reported. Radial distribution functions of atoms in the lead-silicate glass 2SiO2∙PbO were calculated via Mathematica 5.1 Wolfram Research from high-temperature X-ray diffraction patterns. It turned out that in the range of 773-973 K mainly variations of the location of atoms in the third coordination sphere have observed, while in the range of 973-1123 K, changes in the first and second coordination spheres take place.
本文报告了温度对硅酸铅玻璃中原子径向分布函数影响的研究结果。根据高温 X 射线衍射图样，通过 Mathematica 5.1 Wolfram Research 计算了硅酸铅玻璃 2SiO2∙PbO 中原子的径向分布函数。结果表明，在 773-973 K 的范围内，主要观察到第三配位层原子位置的变化，而在 973-1123 K 的范围内，第一和第二配位层发生了变化。
{"title":"Effect of Temperature on the Radial Distribution Function of Atoms in the Silicate Glass 2sio2·PBO","authors":"M. Tursunov, A. Dekhkanov, G. Abdurakhmanov","doi":"10.9734/psij/2023/v27i6805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2023/v27i6805","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, results of investigation of the effect of temperature on radial distribution function of atoms in lead-silicate glass are reported. Radial distribution functions of atoms in the lead-silicate glass 2SiO2∙PbO were calculated via Mathematica 5.1 Wolfram Research from high-temperature X-ray diffraction patterns. It turned out that in the range of 773-973 K mainly variations of the location of atoms in the third coordination sphere have observed, while in the range of 973-1123 K, changes in the first and second coordination spheres take place.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139260919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.9734/psij/2023/v27i5804
W. R. Kabore, B. K. Imbga, Boureima Kabore
The connected revolution is the great revolution of the early 21st century, and it involves far greater upheavals than the arrival of smartphones and tablets. "Measuring", "calculating", "monitoring", "reporting", "controlling" and finally "understanding" and "correcting" are becoming personal reflexes in the same way as branches of business activity. It's a new way of understanding the world and interacting with it that is available to today's generations. These connected technologies undoubtedly play a major role in the competitiveness of human actions in their social and organizational lives. Businesses, government departments and public services are all concerned, given the role they play in economic performance, especially in Burkina Faso, where 80% of the population are farmers and agribusiness is seeing the light of day more and more. These technologies, known as IoT, give an arrange of interconnected gadgets and sensors for the industry that collects and share information. IoT can be inserted in soil, crops, apparatus, and animals to screen temperature, stickiness, soil dampness, supplement levels, and creature behavior. Encourage, this assembled information is at that point analyzed & utilized for making educated choices around water system, fertilization, illness avoidance, and in general cultivate administration. For occasion, agriculturists can presently get to real-time information from their smartphones or tablet and screen soil conditions and edit wellbeing. Exact experiences empower productive decision-making to maximize fertilizer utilization and optimize cultivate vehicle courses.
{"title":"Use of Connected Objects (IoT) in the Agricultural Sector in Burkina Faso: Approaches and Perspectives","authors":"W. R. Kabore, B. K. Imbga, Boureima Kabore","doi":"10.9734/psij/2023/v27i5804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2023/v27i5804","url":null,"abstract":"The connected revolution is the great revolution of the early 21st century, and it involves far greater upheavals than the arrival of smartphones and tablets. \"Measuring\", \"calculating\", \"monitoring\", \"reporting\", \"controlling\" and finally \"understanding\" and \"correcting\" are becoming personal reflexes in the same way as branches of business activity. It's a new way of understanding the world and interacting with it that is available to today's generations. These connected technologies undoubtedly play a major role in the competitiveness of human actions in their social and organizational lives. Businesses, government departments and public services are all concerned, given the role they play in economic performance, especially in Burkina Faso, where 80% of the population are farmers and agribusiness is seeing the light of day more and more. These technologies, known as IoT, give an arrange of interconnected gadgets and sensors for the industry that collects and share information. IoT can be inserted in soil, crops, apparatus, and animals to screen temperature, stickiness, soil dampness, supplement levels, and creature behavior. Encourage, this assembled information is at that point analyzed & utilized for making educated choices around water system, fertilization, illness avoidance, and in general cultivate administration. For occasion, agriculturists can presently get to real-time information from their smartphones or tablet and screen soil conditions and edit wellbeing. Exact experiences empower productive decision-making to maximize fertilizer utilization and optimize cultivate vehicle courses.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139275143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.9734/psij/2023/v27i4797
V. Angelov
In a previous paper we studied the Kepler problem for the extended Synge’s 2-body problem of classical electrodynamics. We have used the radiation terms introduced in our previous papers and prove an existence–uniqueness of a periodic orbit in polar coordinates which confirmed the Bohr's hypothesis of the existence of the stationary states in the frame of classical electrodynamics. Our main aim here is to show the existence of trajectories of transition оf the particle orbiting the nucleus from one stationary state to another excited state. We also prove the existence of escape trajectories. This is made by a choice of suitable function space and applying fixed point method.
{"title":"Periodic, Transition and Escape Trajectories for 3D-Kepler 2-Body Problem of Classical Electrodynamics","authors":"V. Angelov","doi":"10.9734/psij/2023/v27i4797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2023/v27i4797","url":null,"abstract":"In a previous paper we studied the Kepler problem for the extended Synge’s 2-body problem of classical electrodynamics. We have used the radiation terms introduced in our previous papers and prove an existence–uniqueness of a periodic orbit in polar coordinates which confirmed the Bohr's hypothesis of the existence of the stationary states in the frame of classical electrodynamics. Our main aim here is to show the existence of trajectories of transition оf the particle orbiting the nucleus from one stationary state to another excited state. We also prove the existence of escape trajectories. This is made by a choice of suitable function space and applying fixed point method.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129990284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.9734/psij/2023/v27i4796
I. Agada, S. I. Aondoakaa, E. J. Eweh
Aims: This study aimed at identifying climatic zones over Nigeria. Duration of Study: Daily air temperature data for the 36 states and FCT in Nigeria were obtained from National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) for the period of thirty-seven (37) years (1984-2020). Method: Several hierarchical clustering procedures–single linkages, complete linkage, average distance within clusters, average distance between clusters, centroid clustering, median linkage and Ward’s method were used in this study. Results: Based on the findings, median linkage, complete linkage and Ward’s clustering method solutions seems more realistic. The application of cluster analysis, revealed five climate zones (cluster) over Nigeria. Cluster 1 covers Plateau state only while cluster 2 covers three south-west states and one north-west state (Kaduna). Cluster 3 covers all the states in south-east, south-south (except Cross River), North-central (except Kogi and Kwara), Bauchi in North-west and ogun and Oyo in South-west. Cluster 4 covers one state in south-south (Cross River), South-south (Lagos), two states in North-central (Kogi and Kwara), three states in North-east (Adamawa, Gombe and Taraba) and four states in North-west (Jigawa, Kano, Kastina and Zamfara). Lastly cluster 5 covers two states in North-east (Borno and Yobe) and North-west (Kebbi and Sokoto). Conclusion: Our findings clearly show that cluster analysis can be applied to identify similar weather/climate state from air temperature data.
{"title":"Re-defining the Climatic Zones over Nigeria","authors":"I. Agada, S. I. Aondoakaa, E. J. Eweh","doi":"10.9734/psij/2023/v27i4796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2023/v27i4796","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study aimed at identifying climatic zones over Nigeria. \u0000Duration of Study: Daily air temperature data for the 36 states and FCT in Nigeria were obtained from National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) for the period of thirty-seven (37) years (1984-2020). \u0000Method: Several hierarchical clustering procedures–single linkages, complete linkage, average distance within clusters, average distance between clusters, centroid clustering, median linkage and Ward’s method were used in this study. \u0000Results: Based on the findings, median linkage, complete linkage and Ward’s clustering method solutions seems more realistic. The application of cluster analysis, revealed five climate zones (cluster) over Nigeria. Cluster 1 covers Plateau state only while cluster 2 covers three south-west states and one north-west state (Kaduna). Cluster 3 covers all the states in south-east, south-south (except Cross River), North-central (except Kogi and Kwara), Bauchi in North-west and ogun and Oyo in South-west. Cluster 4 covers one state in south-south (Cross River), South-south (Lagos), two states in North-central (Kogi and Kwara), three states in North-east (Adamawa, Gombe and Taraba) and four states in North-west (Jigawa, Kano, Kastina and Zamfara). Lastly cluster 5 covers two states in North-east (Borno and Yobe) and North-west (Kebbi and Sokoto). \u0000Conclusion: Our findings clearly show that cluster analysis can be applied to identify similar weather/climate state from air temperature data.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"1994 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131147625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.9734/psij/2023/v27i4795
E. Fatunmbi, O. A. Agbolade
This investigation is based on the phenomenon of quadratic thermal convection in Magneto-Casson fluid flow induced by stretchy material with tiny particles and viscous dissipation effects. The study aims to understand and optimize the complex behaviour of fluid flow and heat transfer in this system, which has significant implications for engineering and industrial applications. The Magneto-Casson fluid, characterized by its non-Newtonian behaviour and yield stress, interacts with stretchy material and tiny particles, introducing unique flow characteristics and thermal properties. Viscous dissipation, resulting from internal friction, further influences the convective heat transfer process. Mathematical models are developed and solved by employing a numerical technique through the Runge-Kutta Fehlberg scheme coupled with the shooting method to investigate these phenomena comprehensively. The results are deliberated using several graphs on the dimensionless profiles. The results showed that there is a decline in the momentum boundary film as the magnetic field improves due to the effect of the Lorentz force. Also, an increase in the Casson fluid term raises the viscosity and thereby resists the fluid motion.
{"title":"Quadratic Thermal Convection in Magneto-Casson Fluid Flow Induced by Stretchy Material with Tiny Particles and Viscous Dissipation Effects","authors":"E. Fatunmbi, O. A. Agbolade","doi":"10.9734/psij/2023/v27i4795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2023/v27i4795","url":null,"abstract":"This investigation is based on the phenomenon of quadratic thermal convection in Magneto-Casson fluid flow induced by stretchy material with tiny particles and viscous dissipation effects. The study aims to understand and optimize the complex behaviour of fluid flow and heat transfer in this system, which has significant implications for engineering and industrial applications. The Magneto-Casson fluid, characterized by its non-Newtonian behaviour and yield stress, interacts with stretchy material and tiny particles, introducing unique flow characteristics and thermal properties. Viscous dissipation, resulting from internal friction, further influences the convective heat transfer process. Mathematical models are developed and solved by employing a numerical technique through the Runge-Kutta Fehlberg scheme coupled with the shooting method to investigate these phenomena comprehensively. The results are deliberated using several graphs on the dimensionless profiles. The results showed that there is a decline in the momentum boundary film as the magnetic field improves due to the effect of the Lorentz force. Also, an increase in the Casson fluid term raises the viscosity and thereby resists the fluid motion.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"242 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121873307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-08DOI: 10.9734/psij/2023/v27i3794
Togdjim Jonas, Djaldi Tabdi Ngamsou, Mbaïrangone Samson, M. Soultan, A. M. Nanimina, Nandiguim Lamaï, M. Querry
Given the need for decent housing and taking into consideration the environment, as well as the search for sustainable materials, in recent years researchers have begun to focus on local biodegradable and ecological materials. It should be noted that the use of building materials evolves in step with population growth. However, their production must have a clear positive impact on the environment and offer viable solutions for reducing energy consumption during it is application. However, these materials rarely meet the mechanical requirements for using in housing construction. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential use of diatomite in the manufacture of compressed earth bricks. Diatomite is used at between 5% and 50% in two clay soils to determine its physico-mechanical properties. The study focused on shrinkage and mass loss, density, porosity, flexural strength, compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of the composites. The results show that the incorporation of diatomite improves the linear shrinkage of compressed earth blocks and increases their porosities. The dry density of compressed earth block decreased considerably with increasing percentages of diatomite, which also led to a reduction in mechanical strength. This reduction in mechanical strength is linked to the physicochemical characteristics of diatomite. According to a number of relevant standards in the literature, which can be used in building construction set minimum permissible strengths at 2 MPa in simple compression and 0.1 MPa in bending and indirect tension, composites made from two clay soils and diatomite.
{"title":"Influence of Diatomite on the Physico-Mechanical Properties of Compressed Earth Blocks","authors":"Togdjim Jonas, Djaldi Tabdi Ngamsou, Mbaïrangone Samson, M. Soultan, A. M. Nanimina, Nandiguim Lamaï, M. Querry","doi":"10.9734/psij/2023/v27i3794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2023/v27i3794","url":null,"abstract":"Given the need for decent housing and taking into consideration the environment, as well as the search for sustainable materials, in recent years researchers have begun to focus on local biodegradable and ecological materials. It should be noted that the use of building materials evolves in step with population growth. However, their production must have a clear positive impact on the environment and offer viable solutions for reducing energy consumption during it is application. However, these materials rarely meet the mechanical requirements for using in housing construction. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential use of diatomite in the manufacture of compressed earth bricks. Diatomite is used at between 5% and 50% in two clay soils to determine its physico-mechanical properties. The study focused on shrinkage and mass loss, density, porosity, flexural strength, compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of the composites. The results show that the incorporation of diatomite improves the linear shrinkage of compressed earth blocks and increases their porosities. The dry density of compressed earth block decreased considerably with increasing percentages of diatomite, which also led to a reduction in mechanical strength. This reduction in mechanical strength is linked to the physicochemical characteristics of diatomite. According to a number of relevant standards in the literature, which can be used in building construction set minimum permissible strengths at 2 MPa in simple compression and 0.1 MPa in bending and indirect tension, composites made from two clay soils and diatomite.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125812124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research was aimed at estimating the spatially distributed Water balance components of the catchments in Mekelle area by using WetSpass hydrological model and verifying the model outputs with ground truth. Long term mean metrological data and physical characteristics of the catchments were used as an input to the model. The input data were manipulated using Arc- GIS tools. Results of this model depicted that about 73.13% and 19.96% of the precipitation in the study area was lost through evapotranspiration and surface runoff respectively. However, 7% of it replenished the groundwater. The annual runoff and groundwater recharge estimated in WetSpass model accumulated using Arc-GIS were verified using the annual runoff gauged records and base flow measurements. Accordingly the accumulated runoff and base flow derived from the WetSpass model using Arc-GIS software results were quite close to the observed runoff and base flow values measured in the gauging points. Therefore, WetSpass model is appropriate model in estimating water balance components in the study area.
{"title":"Water Balance Components Estimation using WetSpass Model: A Case study of Mekelle Area, Tigray, Ethiopia","authors":"Kahsay Hailekiros, Tesfamichael Gebreyohannes, Abdelwassie Hussein, Hagos Brhane","doi":"10.9734/psij/2023/v27i3793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2023/v27i3793","url":null,"abstract":"This research was aimed at estimating the spatially distributed Water balance components of the catchments in Mekelle area by using WetSpass hydrological model and verifying the model outputs with ground truth. Long term mean metrological data and physical characteristics of the catchments were used as an input to the model. The input data were manipulated using Arc- GIS tools. Results of this model depicted that about 73.13% and 19.96% of the precipitation in the study area was lost through evapotranspiration and surface runoff respectively. However, 7% of it replenished the groundwater. The annual runoff and groundwater recharge estimated in WetSpass model accumulated using Arc-GIS were verified using the annual runoff gauged records and base flow measurements. Accordingly the accumulated runoff and base flow derived from the WetSpass model using Arc-GIS software results were quite close to the observed runoff and base flow values measured in the gauging points. Therefore, WetSpass model is appropriate model in estimating water balance components in the study area.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129233953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-24DOI: 10.9734/psij/2023/v27i3792
I. Adejugbe, J. A. Olowonubi, I. T. Olorunsola, O. Oyegunwa, J. Ayeni, O. Komolafe, A. Ogunkoya
This hammer mill was fabricated from locally sourced and available materials for grinding of large sized grain particles such as SORGHUM, maize, millet, guinea, etc. into small sizes enough to pass through the holes of the cylindrical sieve positioned beneath the hammer assembly. Hammer mills have enjoyed major use in the pulverization and/or grinding of granular objects or similar solid materials into smaller sizes or particles. Major parts of the Conventional hammer mills are shaft, free swinging hammers, sieve, hopper, electric motor, and discharge chute amongst other component parts. Functional hammer mills operated within the urban settlements in Nigeria are mostly imported and expensive to acquire by rural farmers thus the need to develop one that can be easily acquired by the rural farmers as well as ease of maintenance. The grinding process is achieved using a hammer in beating the material fed into fine particles; the fineness aimed depends on the beating operation that happens when the Hammers hit the grain particles across the inner walls of the grinding or crushing chamber. The final size of the ground sorghum is a product of the aperture size which ranges from 87µm to 2 mm. This particular design has its major focus on the analytical design of an improved compact hammer mill that employs a single-acting operation to pulverize, move and push out pulverized bulk material particles against gravity through a cyclone. This machine consists of some vital components like the loading hopper and tray, low and high-pressure throats, shaft, spacing discs, hammers, axial fan, gate, cyclone, electric motor, bearings and pulley. This fabricated hammer mill is compact, and cost-effective to produce, operate and maintain. Its commercial production and use will be a reprieve to rural farmers as well as promote local content technology in Nigeria. The economic evaluation of the machine revealed that the material worth of US$85.20 was used for its construction. Testing and performance evaluation carried out on the machine showed that the machine had a 98.4% crushing and grinding efficiency.
{"title":"Development of a Low-Cost Hammer Mill Machine for Food Processing","authors":"I. Adejugbe, J. A. Olowonubi, I. T. Olorunsola, O. Oyegunwa, J. Ayeni, O. Komolafe, A. Ogunkoya","doi":"10.9734/psij/2023/v27i3792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2023/v27i3792","url":null,"abstract":"This hammer mill was fabricated from locally sourced and available materials for grinding of large sized grain particles such as SORGHUM, maize, millet, guinea, etc. into small sizes enough to pass through the holes of the cylindrical sieve positioned beneath the hammer assembly. Hammer mills have enjoyed major use in the pulverization and/or grinding of granular objects or similar solid materials into smaller sizes or particles. Major parts of the Conventional hammer mills are shaft, free swinging hammers, sieve, hopper, electric motor, and discharge chute amongst other component parts. Functional hammer mills operated within the urban settlements in Nigeria are mostly imported and expensive to acquire by rural farmers thus the need to develop one that can be easily acquired by the rural farmers as well as ease of maintenance. The grinding process is achieved using a hammer in beating the material fed into fine particles; the fineness aimed depends on the beating operation that happens when the Hammers hit the grain particles across the inner walls of the grinding or crushing chamber. The final size of the ground sorghum is a product of the aperture size which ranges from 87µm to 2 mm. This particular design has its major focus on the analytical design of an improved compact hammer mill that employs a single-acting operation to pulverize, move and push out pulverized bulk material particles against gravity through a cyclone. This machine consists of some vital components like the loading hopper and tray, low and high-pressure throats, shaft, spacing discs, hammers, axial fan, gate, cyclone, electric motor, bearings and pulley. This fabricated hammer mill is compact, and cost-effective to produce, operate and maintain. Its commercial production and use will be a reprieve to rural farmers as well as promote local content technology in Nigeria. The economic evaluation of the machine revealed that the material worth of US$85.20 was used for its construction. Testing and performance evaluation carried out on the machine showed that the machine had a 98.4% crushing and grinding efficiency.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131542760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-09DOI: 10.9734/psij/2023/v27i3790
Abakar Ali, Abdallah Dadi Mahamat, Abdallah Ban-Nah, A. Donnot, M. Soultan
This research work concerns the physical characterizations and the measurement of the thermal conductivities of clay materials stabilized by a mixed binder. At first, the different physical characterizations are carried out for the classification of the study material. Then, cylindrical specimens 7 cm in diameter by 7 cm in height are made with clay alone, specimens stabilized with 5% Gum Arabic, specimens stabilized with 5% cement, and also specimens stabilized with 5% cement and 5% Gum Arabic and finally specimens stabilized with the various binders mentioned above and reinforced with rice straw at a rate of 1%. The results show that the thermal conductivity value of 0.73 W/mK is for the 100% A formulation, the small thermal conductivity values are obtained for the formulations 94%A+5%GA+1%P and 94%A+5%C+1%P. which are respectively 0.60 W/mK and 0.59 W/mK and finally, the high value of the thermal conductivity is 0.90 W/mK for the formulation 90% A+5% GA+5% C.
{"title":"Measurement of the Thermal Conductivities of Clay Materials Stabilized by a Mixed Binder","authors":"Abakar Ali, Abdallah Dadi Mahamat, Abdallah Ban-Nah, A. Donnot, M. Soultan","doi":"10.9734/psij/2023/v27i3790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2023/v27i3790","url":null,"abstract":"This research work concerns the physical characterizations and the measurement of the thermal conductivities of clay materials stabilized by a mixed binder. At first, the different physical characterizations are carried out for the classification of the study material. Then, cylindrical specimens 7 cm in diameter by 7 cm in height are made with clay alone, specimens stabilized with 5% Gum Arabic, specimens stabilized with 5% cement, and also specimens stabilized with 5% cement and 5% Gum Arabic and finally specimens stabilized with the various binders mentioned above and reinforced with rice straw at a rate of 1%. The results show that the thermal conductivity value of 0.73 W/mK is for the 100% A formulation, the small thermal conductivity values are obtained for the formulations 94%A+5%GA+1%P and 94%A+5%C+1%P. which are respectively 0.60 W/mK and 0.59 W/mK and finally, the high value of the thermal conductivity is 0.90 W/mK for the formulation 90% A+5% GA+5% C.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134411937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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