Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.9734/psij/2023/v27i2783
Salifou Tera, Souleymane Sinon, Kayaba Haro, O. Sanogo, S. Kam
The use of solar energy is hampered by the intermittency of the resource and the constraints of storing the thermal form of this energy. The processes using this resource are therefore faced with problems of continuity of the process. To remedy this, this work proposes to develop a device for the accumulation of solar thermal energy by a sensitive storage system on a rock bed. A solar thermal energy storage system has been developed and experimentally studied with a view to coupling it to a solar dryer. The thermal performance of the system was evaluated in terms of temporal distribution of bed temperature, total energy stored, total energy discharged, charging efficiency, discharging efficiency. The results obtained indicate that the stratification in the storage system decreases in the afternoon due to the reduction of solar radiation and the output temperature of the solar collector. This contributes to a decrease in the thermal performance of the storage system. The charging efficiency obtained is 76.8%, the discharging efficiency 44.4%. The results also indicate that out of 4.7 MJ of total stored energy almost 89% or 4.17% was recovered during the discharge phase which is interesting for solar dryers.
{"title":"Experimental Study of the Thermal Performance of a Sensitive Solar Energy Storage System on a Rock Bed (Granite) for a Drying Application","authors":"Salifou Tera, Souleymane Sinon, Kayaba Haro, O. Sanogo, S. Kam","doi":"10.9734/psij/2023/v27i2783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2023/v27i2783","url":null,"abstract":"The use of solar energy is hampered by the intermittency of the resource and the constraints of storing the thermal form of this energy. The processes using this resource are therefore faced with problems of continuity of the process. To remedy this, this work proposes to develop a device for the accumulation of solar thermal energy by a sensitive storage system on a rock bed. A solar thermal energy storage system has been developed and experimentally studied with a view to coupling it to a solar dryer. The thermal performance of the system was evaluated in terms of temporal distribution of bed temperature, total energy stored, total energy discharged, charging efficiency, discharging efficiency. The results obtained indicate that the stratification in the storage system decreases in the afternoon due to the reduction of solar radiation and the output temperature of the solar collector. This contributes to a decrease in the thermal performance of the storage system. The charging efficiency obtained is 76.8%, the discharging efficiency 44.4%. The results also indicate that out of 4.7 MJ of total stored energy almost 89% or 4.17% was recovered during the discharge phase which is interesting for solar dryers.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124952838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.9734/psij/2023/v27i2782
Y. B. Lawal, E. Omotoso
Bright band is an important phenomenon that occurs in radar observations of precipitation. It is a layer of intense reflectivity caused by the melting of the snowflakes in the atmosphere. Accurate detection of bright band and its associated properties are essential for the estimation of precipitation rates and characterization of precipitation types as required in Agriculture, Aviation, Navigation, Telecommunication sectors etc. Bright Band Height (BBH) is a vital parameter in the determination of rain height, rain-induced radio signal attenuation and mitigation techniques. This paper presents an empirical study on the measurement of BBH and Zero Degree Isotherm Height (ZDIH) from Micro Rain Radar (MRR) data obtained in Akure, Nigeria. Vertical profile of radar obtained during stratiform rainy events were examined to detect bright bands and its features. Analysis of the result showed that the ZDIH varies between 4.48 and 4.60 km while the BBH also vary from 4.16 to 4.48 km during intense rainy events in September and October 2010. The derived propagation data would be needed for the optimization and improvement of quality of service (QoS) offered by earth-space links during rainy events in Akure and its environs.
{"title":"Detection of Bright Band Heights from Vertical Profile of Radar Reflectivity in Akure, South Western Nigeria","authors":"Y. B. Lawal, E. Omotoso","doi":"10.9734/psij/2023/v27i2782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2023/v27i2782","url":null,"abstract":"Bright band is an important phenomenon that occurs in radar observations of precipitation. It is a layer of intense reflectivity caused by the melting of the snowflakes in the atmosphere. Accurate detection of bright band and its associated properties are essential for the estimation of precipitation rates and characterization of precipitation types as required in Agriculture, Aviation, Navigation, Telecommunication sectors etc. Bright Band Height (BBH) is a vital parameter in the determination of rain height, rain-induced radio signal attenuation and mitigation techniques. This paper presents an empirical study on the measurement of BBH and Zero Degree Isotherm Height (ZDIH) from Micro Rain Radar (MRR) data obtained in Akure, Nigeria. Vertical profile of radar obtained during stratiform rainy events were examined to detect bright bands and its features. Analysis of the result showed that the ZDIH varies between 4.48 and 4.60 km while the BBH also vary from 4.16 to 4.48 km during intense rainy events in September and October 2010. The derived propagation data would be needed for the optimization and improvement of quality of service (QoS) offered by earth-space links during rainy events in Akure and its environs.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"195 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133712175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.9734/psij/2023/v27i2781
Kassoum Yamba, O. Sanogo
This work focuses on the determination of time zero nuclear events considering the Xe-135/I-135 isotopic activity ratio. Considered as relevant isotopes for CTBT, theses two radionuclides are usable for radioactive release timing. According the considered databases, some parameters namely A, U and F are evaluated taking into account the numerical difference between the radioactive values from nuclear database. We found that these parameters give different values by considering the databases ENDF 2011 and TENDL 2011. These proposed parameters can be used for a quick and accurate evaluation of the nuclear event time and its upper and lower age limits.
{"title":"Using I135-Xe135 Parent-Daughter Isotopic Activity Ratio for Dating a Recent Nuclear Event","authors":"Kassoum Yamba, O. Sanogo","doi":"10.9734/psij/2023/v27i2781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2023/v27i2781","url":null,"abstract":"This work focuses on the determination of time zero nuclear events considering the Xe-135/I-135 isotopic activity ratio. Considered as relevant isotopes for CTBT, theses two radionuclides are usable for radioactive release timing. According the considered databases, some parameters namely A, U and F are evaluated taking into account the numerical difference between the radioactive values from nuclear database. We found that these parameters give different values by considering the databases ENDF 2011 and TENDL 2011. These proposed parameters can be used for a quick and accurate evaluation of the nuclear event time and its upper and lower age limits.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"248 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114363207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-05DOI: 10.9734/psij/2023/v27i2780
M. O Durojaye, J. A. Kazeem, F. Ogunfiditimi, I. Ajie
This study examines the numerical solutions of an unsteady natural convection Couette flow of a viscous, incompressible and electrically conducting fluid between the two vertical parallel plates in the presence of thermal radiation, Soret and Dufour. The fundamental dimensionless governing partial differential equations for the impulsive movement of the plate are solved by method of lines (MOL). The numerical simulations for the effects of Soret and Dufour on the velocity profile, the temperature profile and the concentration profile of the flow are shown graphically. The analysis indicates that the fluid velocity is an increasing function of Soret and Dufour numbers. Also, the concentration profile and the temperature profile increase with increase in the Soret number and Dufour number respectively.
{"title":"Method of Lines Analysis of Soret and Dufour Effects on an Unsteady Heat and Mass Transfer MHD Natural Convection Couette Flow","authors":"M. O Durojaye, J. A. Kazeem, F. Ogunfiditimi, I. Ajie","doi":"10.9734/psij/2023/v27i2780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2023/v27i2780","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the numerical solutions of an unsteady natural convection Couette flow of a viscous, incompressible and electrically conducting fluid between the two vertical parallel plates in the presence of thermal radiation, Soret and Dufour. The fundamental dimensionless governing partial differential equations for the impulsive movement of the plate are solved by method of lines (MOL). The numerical simulations for the effects of Soret and Dufour on the velocity profile, the temperature profile and the concentration profile of the flow are shown graphically. The analysis indicates that the fluid velocity is an increasing function of Soret and Dufour numbers. Also, the concentration profile and the temperature profile increase with increase in the Soret number and Dufour number respectively.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130347435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.9734/psij/2023/v27i2779
P. Tavares, H. Ndiath, N. Mbengue, A. Sarr, B. Mbow, I. Youm
This work focuses on quality infrastructure in the solar photovoltaic field in Senegal. On the one hand, it deals with the improvement of the quality infrastructure and on the other hand, conformity assessment accompanied by metrology and performance tests on batteries. We felt it was necessary to revisit the concepts of quality infrastructure and conformity assessment. Then in the improvement of this infrastructure metrology tests were carried out on electrical components by performing maximum error calculations to check the conformity on the voltage, the current, frequency and resistance of electrical quantities at a metrology laboratory, the African Laboratory of Metrology and Testing (LAME). We have also carried out compliance tests on batteries with the measuring equipment of the Laboratory for Quality Control of Solar photovoltaic components (LCQS), a laboratory for testing photovoltaic solar components in Senegal. The study of the batteries covers two (2) elements in one cycle with a nominal capacity of 1080Ah. The capacities calculated after the tests performed on the two (2) elements are respectively C1(t)=1223Ah and C2(t)=1318Ah.
{"title":"Conformity Assessment in Senegal: Conformity Tests in Laboratories as the Basis for Quality Infrastructure","authors":"P. Tavares, H. Ndiath, N. Mbengue, A. Sarr, B. Mbow, I. Youm","doi":"10.9734/psij/2023/v27i2779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2023/v27i2779","url":null,"abstract":"This work focuses on quality infrastructure in the solar photovoltaic field in Senegal. On the one hand, it deals with the improvement of the quality infrastructure and on the other hand, conformity assessment accompanied by metrology and performance tests on batteries. We felt it was necessary to revisit the concepts of quality infrastructure and conformity assessment. Then in the improvement of this infrastructure metrology tests were carried out on electrical components by performing maximum error calculations to check the conformity on the voltage, the current, frequency and resistance of electrical quantities at a metrology laboratory, the African Laboratory of Metrology and Testing (LAME). We have also carried out compliance tests on batteries with the measuring equipment of the Laboratory for Quality Control of Solar photovoltaic components (LCQS), a laboratory for testing photovoltaic solar components in Senegal. The study of the batteries covers two (2) elements in one cycle with a nominal capacity of 1080Ah. The capacities calculated after the tests performed on the two (2) elements are respectively C1(t)=1223Ah and C2(t)=1318Ah.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127212298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-19DOI: 10.9734/psij/2023/v27i1777
O. Denis
The dream of capturing the workings of the entire universe in a single equation or a simple set of equations is still pursued. A set of five new equivalent formulations of entropy based on the introduction of the mass of the information bit in Louis de Broglie's hidden thermodynamics and on the physicality of information, is proposed, within the framework of the emergent entangled informational universe model, which is based on the principle of strong emergence, the mass-energy-information equivalence principle and the Landauer’s principle. This model can explain various process as informational quantum processes such energy, dark matter, dark energy, cosmological constant and vacuum energy. The dark energy is explained as a collective potential of all particles with their individual zero-point energy emerging from an informational field, distinct from the usual fields of matter of quantum field theory, associated with dark matter as having a finite and quantifiable mass; while resolving the black hole information paradox by calculating the entropy of the entangled Hawking radiation, and shedding light on gravitational fine-grained entropy of black holes. This model explains the collapse of the wave function by the fact that a measure informs the measurer about the system to be measured and, this model is able to invalidate the many worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics and the simulation hypothesis.
{"title":"The Emergent Entangled Informational Universe","authors":"O. Denis","doi":"10.9734/psij/2023/v27i1777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2023/v27i1777","url":null,"abstract":"The dream of capturing the workings of the entire universe in a single equation or a simple set of equations is still pursued. A set of five new equivalent formulations of entropy based on the introduction of the mass of the information bit in Louis de Broglie's hidden thermodynamics and on the physicality of information, is proposed, within the framework of the emergent entangled informational universe model, which is based on the principle of strong emergence, the mass-energy-information equivalence principle and the Landauer’s principle. This model can explain various process as informational quantum processes such energy, dark matter, dark energy, cosmological constant and vacuum energy. The dark energy is explained as a collective potential of all particles with their individual zero-point energy emerging from an informational field, distinct from the usual fields of matter of quantum field theory, associated with dark matter as having a finite and quantifiable mass; while resolving the black hole information paradox by calculating the entropy of the entangled Hawking radiation, and shedding light on gravitational fine-grained entropy of black holes. This model explains the collapse of the wave function by the fact that a measure informs the measurer about the system to be measured and, this model is able to invalidate the many worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics and the simulation hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130521661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-13DOI: 10.9734/psij/2023/v27i1776
Zhi-Xun Huang
Newton mechanics is great, Newton's contribution is indelible. But from Newton's classical mechanics, the definition of velocity (=) must mean that this physical parameter is a vector, so "negative velocity" only means the opposite direction of motion, no other meaning. It is difficult to understand negative velocity within the framework of classical mechanics. However, wave is a special form of material motion, wave mechanics has a unique method and meaning, and its concept and connotation are significantly different from classical mechanics. For example, wave velocity (whether phase velocity or group velocity) is a scalar quantity. "Negative wave velocity" does not mean that the direction of motion is reversed, but a special phenomenon that does not accord with causality from the surface view. In any case, research in recent decades has shown that negative wave velocity is not only theoretically possible, it has also been repeatedly shown to exist experimentally. Moreover, negative wave velocity is a special form of superluminal speed; The wave with negative velocity is the advanced wave. It corresponds to the leading solution of the basic equation of electromagnetic field and electromagnetic wave. The past practice (discarding the advanced solution) is wrong! As for causality, scientists have provided a new definition and interpretation. In short, both wave mechanics and quantum optics take a different approach from classical mechanics. This paper points out that it is unusual for the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics to be awarded to Alain Aspect and two others, since Aspect's experiments on the Bell inequality were completed in 1982, Which still stands today as a crucial experiment that proved Einstein's EPR paper wrong and quantum mechanics (QM) correct. Aspect's award in 2022 showed that mainstream physical community had been forced to accept that quantum entanglement existed and that the "light-speed limit" theory of SR was a mistake. This paper discusses the proposition "negative characteristic motion of electromagnetic wave" put forward by the author in 2013, pointing out that it is an inherent physical phenomenon reflecting symmetry in nature. In this paper, the faster-than-light motion of waves found in the near-field of antennas is discussed. In addition, the realizability of "time travel" is also discussed.
{"title":"Negative Velocity Characteristics in Electromagnetism","authors":"Zhi-Xun Huang","doi":"10.9734/psij/2023/v27i1776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2023/v27i1776","url":null,"abstract":"Newton mechanics is great, Newton's contribution is indelible. But from Newton's classical mechanics, the definition of velocity (=) must mean that this physical parameter is a vector, so \"negative velocity\" only means the opposite direction of motion, no other meaning. It is difficult to understand negative velocity within the framework of classical mechanics. However, wave is a special form of material motion, wave mechanics has a unique method and meaning, and its concept and connotation are significantly different from classical mechanics. For example, wave velocity (whether phase velocity or group velocity) is a scalar quantity. \"Negative wave velocity\" does not mean that the direction of motion is reversed, but a special phenomenon that does not accord with causality from the surface view. In any case, research in recent decades has shown that negative wave velocity is not only theoretically possible, it has also been repeatedly shown to exist experimentally. Moreover, negative wave velocity is a special form of superluminal speed; The wave with negative velocity is the advanced wave. It corresponds to the leading solution of the basic equation of electromagnetic field and electromagnetic wave. The past practice (discarding the advanced solution) is wrong! As for causality, scientists have provided a new definition and interpretation. In short, both wave mechanics and quantum optics take a different approach from classical mechanics. \u0000This paper points out that it is unusual for the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics to be awarded to Alain Aspect and two others, since Aspect's experiments on the Bell inequality were completed in 1982, Which still stands today as a crucial experiment that proved Einstein's EPR paper wrong and quantum mechanics (QM) correct. Aspect's award in 2022 showed that mainstream physical community had been forced to accept that quantum entanglement existed and that the \"light-speed limit\" theory of SR was a mistake. \u0000This paper discusses the proposition \"negative characteristic motion of electromagnetic wave\" put forward by the author in 2013, pointing out that it is an inherent physical phenomenon reflecting symmetry in nature. In this paper, the faster-than-light motion of waves found in the near-field of antennas is discussed. In addition, the realizability of \"time travel\" is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124648595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-05DOI: 10.9734/psij/2023/v27i1775
B. J. Ekah, J. U. Akwagiobe, S. Udo, I. Ewona
This article reviews the first to sixth report of the Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The types of greenhouse gases, sources of greenhouse gases and the impact of climate change on man, animals and the environment has been identified. The strategies to combat climate change has been studied in these reports. A review of these reports are necessary and it is an obligatory document required to combat the adverse effects of climate change and global warming.
{"title":"A Review on Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 1st to 6th Report","authors":"B. J. Ekah, J. U. Akwagiobe, S. Udo, I. Ewona","doi":"10.9734/psij/2023/v27i1775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2023/v27i1775","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews the first to sixth report of the Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The types of greenhouse gases, sources of greenhouse gases and the impact of climate change on man, animals and the environment has been identified. The strategies to combat climate change has been studied in these reports. A review of these reports are necessary and it is an obligatory document required to combat the adverse effects of climate change and global warming.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122623521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.9734/psij/2022/v26i9-10764
Abdoulaye Boubacar Maikano, Harouna Sani Dan Nomaoua, Makinta Boukar, S. Madougou
Niger, a Sahelian country, is known for its extreme climatic conditions and its wealth of solar deposits. In Niger, the average duration of sunshine is 8.5 hours per day and its average level is estimated at about 5 to 7 kW/m² per day. However, the rate of access to electricity in Niger remains very low. To address this problem, a 7MW solar photovoltaic power plant has been built by the authorities in the town of Malbaza (13°58.54 N and 13°58.54 E). It has a capacity of 7 MW and is composed of monocrystalline photovoltaic solar panels. In this study, we propose a method for analysing the degradation of a solar photovoltaic power plant under its operating conditions. The study will help to assess the performance and efficiency of PV systems installed in this geographical area. For this study, we use annual energy production data, recorded at the site, from 2019 to 2021. The method is based on the performance ratio values measured during these three years of operation. An hourly IR energy production index was introduced to study the degradation and reliability of the system. The performance ratio values obtained from the measurements in 2019, 2020 and 2021 are 73.22, 72.73 and 70.84 respectively; the calculated hourly energy production index values are 0.921, 0.914 and 0.891 respectively. The PVsyst software was used to estimate the value of the performance ratio. The value obtained is 79.50%. Thus, a degradation of 1% per year over the three years of operation is estimated. Finally, a comparison was made with other studies.
{"title":"Experimental Evaluation of the Performance Degradation of a Solar PV Plant Operating in a Sahelian Climate","authors":"Abdoulaye Boubacar Maikano, Harouna Sani Dan Nomaoua, Makinta Boukar, S. Madougou","doi":"10.9734/psij/2022/v26i9-10764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2022/v26i9-10764","url":null,"abstract":"Niger, a Sahelian country, is known for its extreme climatic conditions and its wealth of solar deposits. In Niger, the average duration of sunshine is 8.5 hours per day and its average level is estimated at about 5 to 7 kW/m² per day. However, the rate of access to electricity in Niger remains very low. To address this problem, a 7MW solar photovoltaic power plant has been built by the authorities in the town of Malbaza (13°58.54 N and 13°58.54 E). It has a capacity of 7 MW and is composed of monocrystalline photovoltaic solar panels. In this study, we propose a method for analysing the degradation of a solar photovoltaic power plant under its operating conditions. The study will help to assess the performance and efficiency of PV systems installed in this geographical area. For this study, we use annual energy production data, recorded at the site, from 2019 to 2021. The method is based on the performance ratio values measured during these three years of operation. An hourly IR energy production index was introduced to study the degradation and reliability of the system. The performance ratio values obtained from the measurements in 2019, 2020 and 2021 are 73.22, 72.73 and 70.84 respectively; the calculated hourly energy production index values are 0.921, 0.914 and 0.891 respectively. The PVsyst software was used to estimate the value of the performance ratio. The value obtained is 79.50%. Thus, a degradation of 1% per year over the three years of operation is estimated. Finally, a comparison was made with other studies.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129315655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.9734/psij/2022/v26i9-10767
A. Njok, Effiong A. Archibong, Gertrude A. Fischer
A thorough experimental investigation was carried out to diurnally analyze the performance of photovoltaic systems deployed for domestic purposes under the guinea savannah atmosphere in Ogoja, Cross River State, Nigeria. In this study, the time of day to expect maximum efficiency from the photovoltaic (PV) module is shown, and the time of day that the panel temperature will exceed it maximum operating cell temperature is also shown. Instruments employed in the process include a digital solar power meter, digital hygrometer, digital infrared gun thermometer and a digital high precision photovoltaic panel maximum power point tracker (MPPT) to track and determine the maximum power, voltage and current produced by the photovoltaic module. The result shows that the highest level of efficiency was attained at 14:30 which reveals that the climatic condition which occurs at 14:30 is the most favorable for PV systems deployed for domestic purposes at the location. The study shows that 42% and 400C is the best relative humidity and PV temperature level for optimum PV efficiency at this location. In addition, the temperature of the study location appears encouraging as on average, the panel temperature will rarely exceed the maximum operating cell temperature for months besides January and march in which a cooling mechanism to regulate the panel temperature may be needed to avoid a massive loss in efficiency. An altitude of 85m above sea level makes the location relatively favorable for receiving intense solar radiation. With 90% efficiency assured, the location can be seen as suitable for generating electricity via PV technology and installing solar farms for commercial purposes.
{"title":"Diurnal Analysis of the Performance of Photovoltaic Systems under the Guinea Savannah Atmosphere in Ogoja, Cross Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"A. Njok, Effiong A. Archibong, Gertrude A. Fischer","doi":"10.9734/psij/2022/v26i9-10767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2022/v26i9-10767","url":null,"abstract":"A thorough experimental investigation was carried out to diurnally analyze the performance of photovoltaic systems deployed for domestic purposes under the guinea savannah atmosphere in Ogoja, Cross River State, Nigeria. In this study, the time of day to expect maximum efficiency from the photovoltaic (PV) module is shown, and the time of day that the panel temperature will exceed it maximum operating cell temperature is also shown. Instruments employed in the process include a digital solar power meter, digital hygrometer, digital infrared gun thermometer and a digital high precision photovoltaic panel maximum power point tracker (MPPT) to track and determine the maximum power, voltage and current produced by the photovoltaic module. The result shows that the highest level of efficiency was attained at 14:30 which reveals that the climatic condition which occurs at 14:30 is the most favorable for PV systems deployed for domestic purposes at the location. The study shows that 42% and 400C is the best relative humidity and PV temperature level for optimum PV efficiency at this location. In addition, the temperature of the study location appears encouraging as on average, the panel temperature will rarely exceed the maximum operating cell temperature for months besides January and march in which a cooling mechanism to regulate the panel temperature may be needed to avoid a massive loss in efficiency. An altitude of 85m above sea level makes the location relatively favorable for receiving intense solar radiation. With 90% efficiency assured, the location can be seen as suitable for generating electricity via PV technology and installing solar farms for commercial purposes.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116018802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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