Pub Date : 2022-11-16DOI: 10.9734/psij/2022/v26i6751
Deep Bhattacharjee
This paper typically focuses on the rescaling or equivocally a phase transition from the asymptotic approach of renormalizing the quantum gravity to a more granular approach of the loop quantum gravity (LQG) and then merging it with the Regge calculus for deriving the spin-(2) graviton as the basis of the unified theory. To construct a successful Ultraviolet (UV) completed theory via the fixed-point renormalization group flow equations (FRGE) results in an asymptotic safety approach of the quantum gravity (QG). From the loop-(2) onwards, the higher derivative divergence terms like the higher derivative curvatures, and quadratic divergences with higher derivative scalars make the momentum go to infinity which assaults a problem in renormalizing the QG. If the Einstein-Hilbert (E-H) action, which is the principle of least action is being computed, arising an equation of motion, and a localized path integral (or partition functions) is defined over a curved space, then that action is shown to be associated with the higher order dimension in a more compactified way, resulting in an infinite winding numbers being accompanied through the exponentiality coefficients of the partition integrals in the loop expansions of the second order term onwards, and based on that localization principle, the entire path integral got collapsed to isolated points or granules that if corresponds the aforesaid actions, results in negating the divergences’ with an implied bijections’ and reverse bijections’ of a diffeomorphism of a continuous differentiable functional domains. If those domains are being attributed to the spatial constraints, Hamiltonian constraints, and Master constraints then, through Ashtekar variables, it can be modestly shown that the behavior of quantum origin of asymptotic safety behavior is similar to the LQG granules of spin foam spacetime. Then, we will proceed with the triangulation of the “zoomed in” entangled-points that results in the inclusion of Regge poles via the quantum number (+2,-2,0) as the produced variables of the spin-(2) graviton and spin-(0) dilaton.
{"title":"A Coherent Approach towards Quantum Gravity","authors":"Deep Bhattacharjee","doi":"10.9734/psij/2022/v26i6751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2022/v26i6751","url":null,"abstract":"This paper typically focuses on the rescaling or equivocally a phase transition from the asymptotic approach of renormalizing the quantum gravity to a more granular approach of the loop quantum gravity (LQG) and then merging it with the Regge calculus for deriving the spin-(2) graviton as the basis of the unified theory. To construct a successful Ultraviolet (UV) completed theory via the fixed-point renormalization group flow equations (FRGE) results in an asymptotic safety approach of the quantum gravity (QG). From the loop-(2) onwards, the higher derivative divergence terms like the higher derivative curvatures, and quadratic divergences with higher derivative scalars make the momentum go to infinity which assaults a problem in renormalizing the QG. If the Einstein-Hilbert (E-H) action, which is the principle of least action is being computed, arising an equation of motion, and a localized path integral (or partition functions) is defined over a curved space, then that action is shown to be associated with the higher order dimension in a more compactified way, resulting in an infinite winding numbers being accompanied through the exponentiality coefficients of the partition integrals in the loop expansions of the second order term onwards, and based on that localization principle, the entire path integral got collapsed to isolated points or granules that if corresponds the aforesaid actions, results in negating the divergences’ with an implied bijections’ and reverse bijections’ of a diffeomorphism of a continuous differentiable functional domains. If those domains are being attributed to the spatial constraints, Hamiltonian constraints, and Master constraints then, through Ashtekar variables, it can be modestly shown that the behavior of quantum origin of asymptotic safety behavior is similar to the LQG granules of spin foam spacetime. Then, we will proceed with the triangulation of the “zoomed in” entangled-points that results in the inclusion of Regge poles via the quantum number (+2,-2,0) as the produced variables of the spin-(2) graviton and spin-(0) dilaton.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129385756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-14DOI: 10.9734/psij/2022/v26i6750
O. Denis
After having explored some basic theoretical concepts about the quantum information approach, we focus on Entropic Information Theory which is an informational approach mathematically based on the mass of the bit of information; massbit = (frac{kTIn(2)}{c^2}). The mass of the bit of information and the new entropy formulae associated to it,S = k2(frac{TIn(2)t}{h}) , and its alternative writings lead to new formulation,SBH = K(frac{c^3In(2)tevap}{16pi^2GM}), to calculate the entropy of black holes independently of the law of area. Being able to express the fine-grained gravitational entropy of a black hole using the rules of gravity, we can, at this level, speak of quantum gravity as emerging through the fundamentality of entangled quantum information by considering that information emerges from degree of freedom; indeed, information being a quantum state change due to the modification of one degree of freedom from the considered quantum system. In addition, we calculated the informational content of the observable universe using the entropic information formula, to obtain, 1.57 1099 bits, a result remarkably close to some previous estimates to account for all the dark matter missing in the visible Universe. After that, we calculated the amount of energy associated with this informational content using Landauer's principle, to obtain, 3.50 1076 Joules, a result that we can relate to dark energy estimates. Moreover, some deep considerations based on the perspectives of Entropic Information Theory have been explored. This new complete mathematical framework of Entropic Information Theory can explain various processes being several aspects of the same, entangled information, by considering that information emerges from degree of freedom, it is the theoretical framework of the entangled informational universe.
{"title":"The Dark Side of the Entangled Informational Universe","authors":"O. Denis","doi":"10.9734/psij/2022/v26i6750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2022/v26i6750","url":null,"abstract":"After having explored some basic theoretical concepts about the quantum information approach, we focus on Entropic Information Theory which is an informational approach mathematically based on the mass of the bit of information; massbit = (frac{kTIn(2)}{c^2}). The mass of the bit of information and the new entropy formulae associated to it,S = k2(frac{TIn(2)t}{h}) , and its alternative writings lead to new formulation,SBH = K(frac{c^3In(2)tevap}{16pi^2GM}), to calculate the entropy of black holes independently of the law of area. Being able to express the fine-grained gravitational entropy of a black hole using the rules of gravity, we can, at this level, speak of quantum gravity as emerging through the fundamentality of entangled quantum information by considering that information emerges from degree of freedom; indeed, information being a quantum state change due to the modification of one degree of freedom from the considered quantum system. In addition, we calculated the informational content of the observable universe using the entropic information formula, to obtain, 1.57 1099 bits, a result remarkably close to some previous estimates to account for all the dark matter missing in the visible Universe. After that, we calculated the amount of energy associated with this informational content using Landauer's principle, to obtain, 3.50 1076 Joules, a result that we can relate to dark energy estimates. Moreover, some deep considerations based on the perspectives of Entropic Information Theory have been explored. This new complete mathematical framework of Entropic Information Theory can explain various processes being several aspects of the same, entangled information, by considering that information emerges from degree of freedom, it is the theoretical framework of the entangled informational universe.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127511700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-09DOI: 10.9734/psij/2022/v26i6748
d’Almeida Renaud Philippe, A. Richard G., A. Macaire
This paper presents the sizing of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) with a power of 690.747 kW for the coastal area of Benin. The sizing of the proposed DFIG starts from the power density of the offshore wind potential of Benin obtained at 80 m at the sea surface to determine the power of the generator. Thanks to the geometrical, electrical and magnetic parameters obtained after sizing, the simulation of the generator operation was done using the finite element analysis (FEA). This simulation is done by running the generator at nominal speed in supersynchronous mode. The results of this simulation show that the powers obtained are close to the expected theoretical values. The curves of the powers and those of the flux densities in the air gap of the generator are presented. Electromagnetic model results are then used to develop the thermal model of the generator. The results of the thermal analysis obtained after simulation by the FEA allowed us to know the temperature values in each region of the DFIG.
{"title":"Proposal and Simulation of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator for the Coastal Zone of Benin","authors":"d’Almeida Renaud Philippe, A. Richard G., A. Macaire","doi":"10.9734/psij/2022/v26i6748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2022/v26i6748","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the sizing of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) with a power of 690.747 kW for the coastal area of Benin. The sizing of the proposed DFIG starts from the power density of the offshore wind potential of Benin obtained at 80 m at the sea surface to determine the power of the generator. Thanks to the geometrical, electrical and magnetic parameters obtained after sizing, the simulation of the generator operation was done using the finite element analysis (FEA). This simulation is done by running the generator at nominal speed in supersynchronous mode. The results of this simulation show that the powers obtained are close to the expected theoretical values. The curves of the powers and those of the flux densities in the air gap of the generator are presented. Electromagnetic model results are then used to develop the thermal model of the generator. The results of the thermal analysis obtained after simulation by the FEA allowed us to know the temperature values in each region of the DFIG.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125945324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-02DOI: 10.9734/psij/2022/v26i6747
Minadohona Maxime Capo-Chichi, V. I. Madogni, C. Kouchadé, G. Hounkpatin, M. Agbomahena, B. Kounouhewa
Most solar module manufacturers guarantee the minimum performance of their modules for 20 to 25 years. But some time after their installation, one observes faults which appear on the various components of these modules. During long-term exposure to severe climatic conditions, these faults, which accumulate over time, lead to performance losses of the module. This performance degradation is due to several factors such as humidity, temperature, heat, irradiation etc. These factors cause various degradation processes which can be electrical, chemical, mechanical, thermal, etc. The tropical zone, the middle of our study being characterized by high heat and humidity, has definite impacts on the electrical parameters of photovoltaic modules. The electrical parameters degradation is among others cause of photovoltaic modules performance loss. This study purpose is to study the degradation of the shunt resistance, the series resistance and the form factor of photovoltaic modules installed in tropical areas in order to appreciate their impact on the performance loss of the latter. For that, we used Peck performance degradation analytical model and Braisaz degradation analytical models of shunt resistance and the series resistance to calculate over a period of forty years, in real conditions in the tropical environment, the degradation of these electrical parameters of the photovoltaic module. The results obtained are compared to those obtained during the Hulkoff experimental tests in the state of Miami in Florida in 2009. The degradation rates obtained in the six cities concerned by the study vary between 17.33-35.67% for resistance shunt, between 3.77-7.55% for the series resistance and between 8-19% for the fill factor. In addition, these electrical parameters degradation rates obtained experimentally by Hulkoff and taken up by [1], are respectively 35.14% for the shunt resistor, 9.43% for the series resistor and 3.03% for the fill factor over the study period. So, future researches on crystalline silicon photovoltaic solar module can be effect of Damp-Heat on short circuit current and open circuit voltage in tropical area.
{"title":"Effects of Damp-heat on Shunt, Series Resistances and Fill Factor into Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Solar Modules in Tropical Zone","authors":"Minadohona Maxime Capo-Chichi, V. I. Madogni, C. Kouchadé, G. Hounkpatin, M. Agbomahena, B. Kounouhewa","doi":"10.9734/psij/2022/v26i6747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2022/v26i6747","url":null,"abstract":"Most solar module manufacturers guarantee the minimum performance of their modules for 20 to 25 years. But some time after their installation, one observes faults which appear on the various components of these modules. During long-term exposure to severe climatic conditions, these faults, which accumulate over time, lead to performance losses of the module. This performance degradation is due to several factors such as humidity, temperature, heat, irradiation etc. These factors cause various degradation processes which can be electrical, chemical, mechanical, thermal, etc. The tropical zone, the middle of our study being characterized by high heat and humidity, has definite impacts on the electrical parameters of photovoltaic modules. The electrical parameters degradation is among others cause of photovoltaic modules performance loss. This study purpose is to study the degradation of the shunt resistance, the series resistance and the form factor of photovoltaic modules installed in tropical areas in order to appreciate their impact on the performance loss of the latter. For that, we used Peck performance degradation analytical model and Braisaz degradation analytical models of shunt resistance and the series resistance to calculate over a period of forty years, in real conditions in the tropical environment, the degradation of these electrical parameters of the photovoltaic module. The results obtained are compared to those obtained during the Hulkoff experimental tests in the state of Miami in Florida in 2009. The degradation rates obtained in the six cities concerned by the study vary between 17.33-35.67% for resistance shunt, between 3.77-7.55% for the series resistance and between 8-19% for the fill factor. In addition, these electrical parameters degradation rates obtained experimentally by Hulkoff and taken up by [1], are respectively 35.14% for the shunt resistor, 9.43% for the series resistor and 3.03% for the fill factor over the study period. \u0000So, future researches on crystalline silicon photovoltaic solar module can be effect of Damp-Heat on short circuit current and open circuit voltage in tropical area.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122002850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-19DOI: 10.9734/psij/2022/v26i5746
O. Akindele, Adekugbe Joseph
The two stages of evolutions of metric spacetime and intrinsic metric spacetime and the associated spacetime/intrinsic spacetime geometries in long range metric force fields, derived in the four-world picture in previous articles, are particularized to the gravitational field. The theory of relativity on flat four-dimensional gravitational-relativistic metric spacetime ((mathbb{E}^3, c_s t)) and the theory of intrinsic relativity on the underlying flat two-dimensional gravitational-relativistic intrinsic metric spacetime ((varnothing rho, varnothing c_s varnothing t)), due to the presence of a long range metric force field in spacetime, as well as the absolute intrinsic metric theory (of the metric force field) on the curved 'two-dimensional' absolute intrinsic metric spacetime ((varnothing hat{rho}, varnothing hat{c}_s varnothing hat{t})) with absolute intrinsic metric tensor (varnothing hat{g}_{i k}), all of which evolve at two stages of evolutions of metric spacetimes and intrinsic metric spacetimes in long range metric force fields in general, developed in the previous articles, are adapted to the gravitational field.They become the theory of gravitational relativity (TGR) on the flat four-dimensional relativistic metric spacetime, the theory of intrinsic gravitational relativity (TøGR) on the underlying flat two-dimensional relativistic intrinsic metric spacetime and the metric theory of absolute intrinsic gravity (MA (varnothing) G) on the curved 'two-dimensional' absolute intrinsic metric spacetime, which evolve at two stages of evolutions of metric spacetime and intrinsic metric spacetime in a gravitational field of arbitrary strength. The basic aspects of these coexisting theories in the gravitational field are developed.
{"title":"Particularization of the Sequence of Spacetime/Intrinsic Spacetime Geometries and Associated Sequence of Theories in Metric Force Fields in the Four-world Picture to the Gravitational Field I","authors":"O. Akindele, Adekugbe Joseph","doi":"10.9734/psij/2022/v26i5746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2022/v26i5746","url":null,"abstract":"The two stages of evolutions of metric spacetime and intrinsic metric spacetime and the associated spacetime/intrinsic spacetime geometries in long range metric force fields, derived in the four-world picture in previous articles, are particularized to the gravitational field. The theory of relativity on flat four-dimensional gravitational-relativistic metric spacetime ((mathbb{E}^3, c_s t)) and the theory of intrinsic relativity on the underlying flat two-dimensional gravitational-relativistic intrinsic metric spacetime ((varnothing rho, varnothing c_s varnothing t)), due to the presence of a long range metric force field in spacetime, as well as the absolute intrinsic metric theory (of the metric force field) on the curved 'two-dimensional' absolute intrinsic metric spacetime ((varnothing hat{rho}, varnothing hat{c}_s varnothing hat{t})) with absolute intrinsic metric tensor (varnothing hat{g}_{i k}), all of which evolve at two stages of evolutions of metric spacetimes and intrinsic metric spacetimes in long range metric force fields in general, developed in the previous articles, are adapted to the gravitational field.They become the theory of gravitational relativity (TGR) on the flat four-dimensional relativistic metric spacetime, the theory of intrinsic gravitational relativity (TøGR) on the underlying flat two-dimensional relativistic intrinsic metric spacetime and the metric theory of absolute intrinsic gravity (MA (varnothing) G) on the curved 'two-dimensional' absolute intrinsic metric spacetime, which evolve at two stages of evolutions of metric spacetime and intrinsic metric spacetime in a gravitational field of arbitrary strength. The basic aspects of these coexisting theories in the gravitational field are developed.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115971619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-17DOI: 10.9734/psij/2022/v26i5744
Nathan A. Guido, Luo-Peng Li, T. Khraishi
The stress field of a beam with a circular cross-section have been developed in the current work. One end of the beam is fixed while the other end is under traverse load at its center. The Beltrami-Michell compatibility equations were utilized to obtain coefficients in an assumed stress function which can be used to derive the stress field. To visualize the stress distribution in the beam, one can use MATLAB to generate surface plots and contour plots for the developed stress field. According to the plots, the maximum can be found at the center area of the cross-section while the minimum is captured at the same area. The maximum shear stress in the section occurs at points along the perimeter of the section. Moreover, the goal of this paper is to prove that any stress function with higher order terms always converge to the same stress solution for the beam utilizing lower order terms.
{"title":"Analysis of Transverse Loading on a Beam Utilizing the Beltrami-Michell Equations","authors":"Nathan A. Guido, Luo-Peng Li, T. Khraishi","doi":"10.9734/psij/2022/v26i5744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2022/v26i5744","url":null,"abstract":"The stress field of a beam with a circular cross-section have been developed in the current work. One end of the beam is fixed while the other end is under traverse load at its center. The Beltrami-Michell compatibility equations were utilized to obtain coefficients in an assumed stress function which can be used to derive the stress field. To visualize the stress distribution in the beam, one can use MATLAB to generate surface plots and contour plots for the developed stress field. According to the plots, the maximum can be found at the center area of the cross-section while the minimum is captured at the same area. The maximum shear stress in the section occurs at points along the perimeter of the section. Moreover, the goal of this paper is to prove that any stress function with higher order terms always converge to the same stress solution for the beam utilizing lower order terms.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127221214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-26DOI: 10.9734/psij/2022/v26i5743
Issoufou Arzika Alio, A. Aboubacar
The angular distribution of the atomic photoelectrons gives us information on the evolution of the field of the photoelectrons in different directions concerning the incident direction of the electromagnetic radiation which is absorbed by the atom and its direction of polarization. Here, the angular distribution of atomic photoelectrons as a function of photon field polarization was studied theoretically using monocentric wave functions to investigate the influence of polarization on the theoretical results. A GEANT4 modeling calculation based on the Monte Carlo code was made on the helium atom. The calculations were performed at low energy above the atomic ionization threshold. The results obtained by analytical calculation for the total photoionization cross-section were compared with those obtained by a simulation calculation using GEANT4 modeling. A reasonable agreement was observed following this comparison for a range of energy considered in this study.
{"title":"Angular Distribution of Atomic Photoelectrons as a Function of Photon Field Polarization: Case of Ns-type Light Atoms","authors":"Issoufou Arzika Alio, A. Aboubacar","doi":"10.9734/psij/2022/v26i5743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2022/v26i5743","url":null,"abstract":"The angular distribution of the atomic photoelectrons gives us information on the evolution of the field of the photoelectrons in different directions concerning the incident direction of the electromagnetic radiation which is absorbed by the atom and its direction of polarization. Here, the angular distribution of atomic photoelectrons as a function of photon field polarization was studied theoretically using monocentric wave functions to investigate the influence of polarization on the theoretical results. A GEANT4 modeling calculation based on the Monte Carlo code was made on the helium atom. The calculations were performed at low energy above the atomic ionization threshold. The results obtained by analytical calculation for the total photoionization cross-section were compared with those obtained by a simulation calculation using GEANT4 modeling. A reasonable agreement was observed following this comparison for a range of energy considered in this study.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127666409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.9734/psij/2022/v26i5742
N. G. Gilbert, Konfé Amadou, Ouédraogo Souleymane, Ky Thierry Sikoudouin Maurice, K. Sie, B. Dieudonné
The evaluation of the solar deposit is essential for the sizing of photovoltaic systems. This requires the availability of radiation data. In Burkina Faso, weather data doesn’t cover all the country. That makes that solar radiation measured are not available for the all country. Theorical methods can help about it. This paper is written to fill the gap of adapted solar models for the country. In this work, an analysis of the results provided by four models for the estimation of hourly values of global radiation on a horizontal plane was made. The radiation data for the year 2017 comes from the Burkina weather forecast. The validation of the models is carried out by a comparison between the radiation measured and that given by the various models provided by MATLAB code. The different models have been validated by several statistical indicators (RMSE and normalized MAE) and graphs for a clear sky. Scoring criteria have been established to assess the relative quality of each model. The models retained for the study are the Bird and Hulstrom model, the Davy and Hay model, the Capderou model and the Liu and Jordan model. Three sites were affected: Ouagadougou, Dori and Gaoua. We found that for some models, there is a good agreement between the measured values and those estimated by some models for the Dori site, while they are not with the values measured for the Ouagadougou and Gaoua sites. In the town of Dori, the most appropriate model for estimating solar radiation is that of Bird and Hulstrom. For the cities of Ouagadougou and Gaoua, the different models are not suitable.
{"title":"Validation of Global Solar Radiation Models on a Horizontal Surface in the Climatic Zones of Burkina","authors":"N. G. Gilbert, Konfé Amadou, Ouédraogo Souleymane, Ky Thierry Sikoudouin Maurice, K. Sie, B. Dieudonné","doi":"10.9734/psij/2022/v26i5742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2022/v26i5742","url":null,"abstract":"The evaluation of the solar deposit is essential for the sizing of photovoltaic systems. This requires the availability of radiation data. In Burkina Faso, weather data doesn’t cover all the country. That makes that solar radiation measured are not available for the all country. Theorical methods can help about it. This paper is written to fill the gap of adapted solar models for the country. In this work, an analysis of the results provided by four models for the estimation of hourly values of global radiation on a horizontal plane was made. The radiation data for the year 2017 comes from the Burkina weather forecast. The validation of the models is carried out by a comparison between the radiation measured and that given by the various models provided by MATLAB code. The different models have been validated by several statistical indicators (RMSE and normalized MAE) and graphs for a clear sky. Scoring criteria have been established to assess the relative quality of each model. The models retained for the study are the Bird and Hulstrom model, the Davy and Hay model, the Capderou model and the Liu and Jordan model. Three sites were affected: Ouagadougou, Dori and Gaoua. We found that for some models, there is a good agreement between the measured values and those estimated by some models for the Dori site, while they are not with the values measured for the Ouagadougou and Gaoua sites. In the town of Dori, the most appropriate model for estimating solar radiation is that of Bird and Hulstrom. For the cities of Ouagadougou and Gaoua, the different models are not suitable.","PeriodicalId":124795,"journal":{"name":"Physical Science International Journal","volume":"182 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114140092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-12DOI: 10.9734/psij/2022/v26i430321
Kokou Prosper Semekonawo, S. Kam
In sub-Saharan Africa the cost of transport is very expensive for the populations. As the car fleet is mainly made up of thermal cars, the high cost of transport is largely linked to the oil’s import. Faced with such a situation, it is important to find other means of transport in order to reduce the transport’s cost for the populations. One of the means of transport which seems to be an alternative solution is the solar electric car. But the difficulty for the solar electric car is its range. To improve car's range, it is necessary to analyze the performance of the car in driving conditions in order to understand the parameters that influence the range. Understanding and mastering these parameters will make it possible to make the best decisions to improve the car's range. In this article, we are interested in analyzing the energy performances of a solar electric car in Togo in order to understand the parameters that influence the car’s range. The simulation results show a considerable reduction in the car's range for high driving speeds, for excessive consumption of the auxiliary electrical circuits of the car, for driving the vehicle on a large slope, and when the car is transporting a large weight. The solar panel on the roof of the car is of great importance because it makes a significant contribution to the car’s range in sunny periods.
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Pub Date : 2022-09-05DOI: 10.9734/psij/2022/v26i430320
C. Rakotonirina
A sign operator of energy, analogous to the helicity operator, but in the direction of what we call energy vector has been introduced. It is possible that there may be physical phenomena where energy vector should be considered. However, to write a wave function this energy vector needs a time vector. But, unlike the energy vector the time vector has no physical meaning yet. To make physical senses of the components of the time vector, the time dilation in special relativity has been studied and also the components of the time vector have been related to the tunneling times when an electron crosses a potential barrier. Physical results for quantum tunneling time will not be limited to this study.
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