C. Menelaou, P. Kolios, S. Timotheou, C. Panayiotou
Traffic congestion in big cities has been proven to be a difficult problem with adverse effects in terms of driver delay and frustration, cost and impact to the environment. Motivated by the approaches used in air-traffic control, this work investigates a method for controlling traffic congestion using time-dependent route reservation. The advances in information, communication and computation technologies has made such a reservation strategy feasible. This paper illustrates that the new reservation strategy is scalable and can be applied even to large metropolitan areas. To do so, we decompose the road network spatially and temporarily and propose a vehicle scheduling and routing algorithm which completely eliminate congestion. Simulation results show that the proposed approach is very promising.
{"title":"Congestion Free Vehicle Scheduling Using a Route Reservation Strategy","authors":"C. Menelaou, P. Kolios, S. Timotheou, C. Panayiotou","doi":"10.1109/ITSC.2015.340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2015.340","url":null,"abstract":"Traffic congestion in big cities has been proven to be a difficult problem with adverse effects in terms of driver delay and frustration, cost and impact to the environment. Motivated by the approaches used in air-traffic control, this work investigates a method for controlling traffic congestion using time-dependent route reservation. The advances in information, communication and computation technologies has made such a reservation strategy feasible. This paper illustrates that the new reservation strategy is scalable and can be applied even to large metropolitan areas. To do so, we decompose the road network spatially and temporarily and propose a vehicle scheduling and routing algorithm which completely eliminate congestion. Simulation results show that the proposed approach is very promising.","PeriodicalId":124818,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 18th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130766167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A model-based methodology is presented for providing effective and efficient property-preserving mechanisms for non-functional properties such as real-time, safety, security and performance for Internet of Things (IoT) system components. The presented methodology and related supporting tool chain provide a means to model, develop, analyze, verify, operate, manage and monitor heterogeneous mission-critical smart applications with distributed scalable deployments of IoT components, such as the data distribution services of Intelligent Transport Systems, which are increasingly being deployed in loosely coupled federations of nodes.
{"title":"A Model-Based Approach Across the IoT Lifecycle for Scalable and Distributed Smart Applications","authors":"S. Mazzini, John M. Mavaro, Laura Baracchi","doi":"10.1109/ITSC.2015.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2015.33","url":null,"abstract":"A model-based methodology is presented for providing effective and efficient property-preserving mechanisms for non-functional properties such as real-time, safety, security and performance for Internet of Things (IoT) system components. The presented methodology and related supporting tool chain provide a means to model, develop, analyze, verify, operate, manage and monitor heterogeneous mission-critical smart applications with distributed scalable deployments of IoT components, such as the data distribution services of Intelligent Transport Systems, which are increasingly being deployed in loosely coupled federations of nodes.","PeriodicalId":124818,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 18th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130918746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effectiveness of speed harmonization relies on the accuracy of traffic data to predict state of congestion and determine a proper traffic control strategy. Connected Vehicles technology can be deployed to increase the accuracy of data and enhance the effectiveness of speed harmonization. This study develops Connected Vehicles Harmonizer (CVH) which is an optimization program to determine advisory speeds for connected vehicles in work zones. The effectiveness of the methodology is tested in a benchmark problem which showed more than 13% delay reduction when the penetration rate is 80% or higher.
{"title":"Optimized Speed Harmonization with Connected Vehicles for Work Zones","authors":"H. Ramezani, R. Benekohal","doi":"10.1109/ITSC.2015.179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2015.179","url":null,"abstract":"The effectiveness of speed harmonization relies on the accuracy of traffic data to predict state of congestion and determine a proper traffic control strategy. Connected Vehicles technology can be deployed to increase the accuracy of data and enhance the effectiveness of speed harmonization. This study develops Connected Vehicles Harmonizer (CVH) which is an optimization program to determine advisory speeds for connected vehicles in work zones. The effectiveness of the methodology is tested in a benchmark problem which showed more than 13% delay reduction when the penetration rate is 80% or higher.","PeriodicalId":124818,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 18th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133508953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pierre Merdrignac, O. Shagdar, I. B. Jemaa, F. Nashashibi
The existing R&D efforts for protecting vulnerable road users (VRU) are mainly based on perception techniques, which aim to detect VRUs utilizing vehicle embedded sensors. The efficiency of such a technique is largely affected by the sensor's visibility condition. Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P) communication can also contribute to the VRU safety by allowing vehicles and pedestrians to exchange information. This solution is, however, largely affected by the reliability of the exchanged information, which most generally is the GPS data. Since perception and communication have complementary features, we can expect that a combination of such approaches can be a solution to the VRU safety. This is the motivation of the current work. We develop theoretical models to present the characteristics of perception and communications systems. Experimental studies are conducted to compare the performances of these techniques in real-world environments. Our results show that the perception system reliably detects pedestrians and other objects within 50 m of range in the line-of-sight (LOS) condition. In contrast, the V2P communication coverage is approximately 340 and 200 meters in LOS and non-LOS (NLOS) conditions, respectively. However, the communication-based system fails to correctly position the VRU w.r.t the vehicle, preventing the system from meeting the safety requirement. Finally, we propose a cooperative system that combines the outputs of the communication and perception systems.
{"title":"Study on Perception and Communication Systems for Safety of Vulnerable Road Users","authors":"Pierre Merdrignac, O. Shagdar, I. B. Jemaa, F. Nashashibi","doi":"10.1109/ITSC.2015.304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2015.304","url":null,"abstract":"The existing R&D efforts for protecting vulnerable road users (VRU) are mainly based on perception techniques, which aim to detect VRUs utilizing vehicle embedded sensors. The efficiency of such a technique is largely affected by the sensor's visibility condition. Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P) communication can also contribute to the VRU safety by allowing vehicles and pedestrians to exchange information. This solution is, however, largely affected by the reliability of the exchanged information, which most generally is the GPS data. Since perception and communication have complementary features, we can expect that a combination of such approaches can be a solution to the VRU safety. This is the motivation of the current work. We develop theoretical models to present the characteristics of perception and communications systems. Experimental studies are conducted to compare the performances of these techniques in real-world environments. Our results show that the perception system reliably detects pedestrians and other objects within 50 m of range in the line-of-sight (LOS) condition. In contrast, the V2P communication coverage is approximately 340 and 200 meters in LOS and non-LOS (NLOS) conditions, respectively. However, the communication-based system fails to correctly position the VRU w.r.t the vehicle, preventing the system from meeting the safety requirement. Finally, we propose a cooperative system that combines the outputs of the communication and perception systems.","PeriodicalId":124818,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 18th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133409805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christian Braunagel, Enkelejda Kasneci, W. Stolzmann, W. Rosenstiel
This paper presents a novel approach to automated recognition of the driver's activity, which is a crucial factor for determining the take-over readiness in conditionally autonomous driving scenarios. Therefore, an architecture based on head-and eye-tracking data is introduced in this study and several features are analyzed. The proposed approach is evaluated on data recorded during a driving simulator study with 73 subjects performing different secondary tasks while driving in an autonomous setting. The proposed architecture shows promising results towards in-vehicle driver-activity recognition. Furthermore, a significant improvement in the classification performance is demonstrated due to the consideration of novel features derived especially for the autonomous driving context.
{"title":"Driver-Activity Recognition in the Context of Conditionally Autonomous Driving","authors":"Christian Braunagel, Enkelejda Kasneci, W. Stolzmann, W. Rosenstiel","doi":"10.1109/ITSC.2015.268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2015.268","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel approach to automated recognition of the driver's activity, which is a crucial factor for determining the take-over readiness in conditionally autonomous driving scenarios. Therefore, an architecture based on head-and eye-tracking data is introduced in this study and several features are analyzed. The proposed approach is evaluated on data recorded during a driving simulator study with 73 subjects performing different secondary tasks while driving in an autonomous setting. The proposed architecture shows promising results towards in-vehicle driver-activity recognition. Furthermore, a significant improvement in the classification performance is demonstrated due to the consideration of novel features derived especially for the autonomous driving context.","PeriodicalId":124818,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 18th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115372652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Awais Khan, J. Almeida, Bruno Fernandes, Muhammad Alam, P. Pedreiras, J. Ferreira
Real-time dependable communication requires deterministic transmission instants and bounded latency for inter-vehicular communication. Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) has serious drawbacks in what concerns to the timeliness of the communications, since it allows collisions to happen in the channel and it may cause unbounded delays before channel access. This paper proposes an enhanced version of the Vehicular Flexible Time-Triggered (V-FTT) protocol, a deterministic MAC protocol for vehicular communications. Proposed enhancements include novel schemes to protect V-FTT compliant nodes from the interference of non-compliant nodes, which can only transmit during specific slots, the Free Period. These mechanisms were implemented and validated in an ITS G5 station, the IT2S platform.
{"title":"Towards Reliable Wireless Vehicular Communications","authors":"Awais Khan, J. Almeida, Bruno Fernandes, Muhammad Alam, P. Pedreiras, J. Ferreira","doi":"10.1109/ITSC.2015.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2015.36","url":null,"abstract":"Real-time dependable communication requires deterministic transmission instants and bounded latency for inter-vehicular communication. Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) has serious drawbacks in what concerns to the timeliness of the communications, since it allows collisions to happen in the channel and it may cause unbounded delays before channel access. This paper proposes an enhanced version of the Vehicular Flexible Time-Triggered (V-FTT) protocol, a deterministic MAC protocol for vehicular communications. Proposed enhancements include novel schemes to protect V-FTT compliant nodes from the interference of non-compliant nodes, which can only transmit during specific slots, the Free Period. These mechanisms were implemented and validated in an ITS G5 station, the IT2S platform.","PeriodicalId":124818,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 18th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114866259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Berger, D. Block, C. Hons, Stefan Kühnel, André Leschke, D. Plotnikov, Bernhard Rumpe
Context: Recently, test protocols from organizations like European New Car Assessment Programme (EuroNCAP) were extended to also cover active safety systems. Objective: The official EuroNCAP test protocol for Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB)/Forward Collision Warning (FCW) systems explicitly defines to what extent a Vehicle-Under-Test (VUT) is allowed to vary in its lateral position. In addition, the United States New Car Assessment Programme (US NCAP) test protocol has broader tolerance ranges. The goal for automotive OEMs is to understand the impact of such allowed variations on a the overall vehicle's performance. Method: A simulation-based approach is outlined that allows systematic, large-scale analysis of such influences to effectively plan time-consuming and resource-intense real-world vehicle tests. Our models allow a profound analysis of an AEB algorithm by modeling and conducting more than 3,000 simulation runs with EuroNCAP's dynamic CCRm and CCRb scenarios including those with adopted USNCAP parameters. Results: Our structured analysis of such test procedures involving dynamic actors is the first of its kind in a relevant industrial setting. Several anomalies were unveiled under US NCAP conditions to support real-world test runs. Hence, we could show that the proposed method supports all possible scenarios in AEB consumer tests and scales as we had to timely process approx. 7.7GB of simulation data. Conclusion: To achieve the expected performance and to study a system's behavior in potential misuse cases from a functional point of view, large scale, model-based simulations complement traditional testing on proving ground.
{"title":"Large-Scale Evaluation of an Active Safety Algorithm with EuroNCAP and US NCAP Scenarios in a Virtual Test Environment -- An Industrial Case Study","authors":"C. Berger, D. Block, C. Hons, Stefan Kühnel, André Leschke, D. Plotnikov, Bernhard Rumpe","doi":"10.1109/ITSC.2015.368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2015.368","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Recently, test protocols from organizations like European New Car Assessment Programme (EuroNCAP) were extended to also cover active safety systems. Objective: The official EuroNCAP test protocol for Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB)/Forward Collision Warning (FCW) systems explicitly defines to what extent a Vehicle-Under-Test (VUT) is allowed to vary in its lateral position. In addition, the United States New Car Assessment Programme (US NCAP) test protocol has broader tolerance ranges. The goal for automotive OEMs is to understand the impact of such allowed variations on a the overall vehicle's performance. Method: A simulation-based approach is outlined that allows systematic, large-scale analysis of such influences to effectively plan time-consuming and resource-intense real-world vehicle tests. Our models allow a profound analysis of an AEB algorithm by modeling and conducting more than 3,000 simulation runs with EuroNCAP's dynamic CCRm and CCRb scenarios including those with adopted USNCAP parameters. Results: Our structured analysis of such test procedures involving dynamic actors is the first of its kind in a relevant industrial setting. Several anomalies were unveiled under US NCAP conditions to support real-world test runs. Hence, we could show that the proposed method supports all possible scenarios in AEB consumer tests and scales as we had to timely process approx. 7.7GB of simulation data. Conclusion: To achieve the expected performance and to study a system's behavior in potential misuse cases from a functional point of view, large scale, model-based simulations complement traditional testing on proving ground.","PeriodicalId":124818,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 18th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114538721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transit signal priority is a cost-effective way to improve transit operations and reliability. Connected vehicles provide more precise and detailed information on vehicle movements, thus can be beneficial for transit signal priority. This paper proposes a transit signal priority algorithm using connected vehicle information. Simulation is conducted for different total flow, bus arrivals, bus occupancy and penetration rates. Results show that this algorithm successfully reduces the total passenger delay. It is also shown that this algorithm is not sensitive to the assumed occupancy, hence does not require accurate information on bus occupancy. Additionally, this algorithm significantly reduces the delay of buses with minimal increase to the delay of cars in the conflicting approach.
{"title":"A Transit Signal Priority Algorithm under Connected Vehicle Environment","authors":"Kaidi Yang, S. I. Guler, M. Menéndez","doi":"10.1109/ITSC.2015.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2015.19","url":null,"abstract":"Transit signal priority is a cost-effective way to improve transit operations and reliability. Connected vehicles provide more precise and detailed information on vehicle movements, thus can be beneficial for transit signal priority. This paper proposes a transit signal priority algorithm using connected vehicle information. Simulation is conducted for different total flow, bus arrivals, bus occupancy and penetration rates. Results show that this algorithm successfully reduces the total passenger delay. It is also shown that this algorithm is not sensitive to the assumed occupancy, hence does not require accurate information on bus occupancy. Additionally, this algorithm significantly reduces the delay of buses with minimal increase to the delay of cars in the conflicting approach.","PeriodicalId":124818,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 18th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117011736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper a multi-stage multi-commodity facility location problem for a reverse logistic network is proposed. In particular, this problem is applied to the city of Genoa, Italy, which is the test case for the Weeenmodels project, co-financed by the European Commission, started in 2013 and lasting until 2016. This project aims at defining and developing innovative logistic solutions for collection, reuse and recycle of waste deriving from electric and electronic equipment, according to the recent European Directive 2012/19/EU. For this problem, a MILP formulation is proposed in the paper. Some interesting results about the development of the waste collection system in the city of Genoa are presented and discussed.
{"title":"The Facility Location Problem in a Reverse Logistic Network: Weeenmodels Project in the City of Genoa","authors":"S. Siri, Ishara Thirimadura Mendis, C. Repetto","doi":"10.1109/ITSC.2015.258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2015.258","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a multi-stage multi-commodity facility location problem for a reverse logistic network is proposed. In particular, this problem is applied to the city of Genoa, Italy, which is the test case for the Weeenmodels project, co-financed by the European Commission, started in 2013 and lasting until 2016. This project aims at defining and developing innovative logistic solutions for collection, reuse and recycle of waste deriving from electric and electronic equipment, according to the recent European Directive 2012/19/EU. For this problem, a MILP formulation is proposed in the paper. Some interesting results about the development of the waste collection system in the city of Genoa are presented and discussed.","PeriodicalId":124818,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 18th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117105670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Duell, N. Amini, S. Chand, H. Grzybowska, Neeraj Saxena, S. Waller
Traditional static traffic assignment models no longer meet the strategic planning needs of most major metropolitan areas, especially in regard to evaluating major infrastructure projects. One promising possibility is dynamic traffic assignment (DTA), which has been receiving greater attention in the research community for the last ten years. This work describes the ongoing experience of building the first large-scale DTA model in Australia. We divide our experiences into categories regarding data, implementation, and visualization, and we discuss the challenges faced as well as our methods for overcoming those challenges. Finally, we discuss initial model results and the calibration process. In the future, the DTA model described here could aid in evaluating important policy decisions and infrastructural development in the context of the macro/meso-scale network operation. This project serves as a proof of concept for the Australia region and may provide valuable insight to other practitioners interested in emerging areas of transport planning and traffic modeling.
{"title":"Large-Scale Dynamic Traffic Assignment: Practical Lessons from an Application in Sydney, Australia","authors":"M. Duell, N. Amini, S. Chand, H. Grzybowska, Neeraj Saxena, S. Waller","doi":"10.1109/ITSC.2015.282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2015.282","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional static traffic assignment models no longer meet the strategic planning needs of most major metropolitan areas, especially in regard to evaluating major infrastructure projects. One promising possibility is dynamic traffic assignment (DTA), which has been receiving greater attention in the research community for the last ten years. This work describes the ongoing experience of building the first large-scale DTA model in Australia. We divide our experiences into categories regarding data, implementation, and visualization, and we discuss the challenges faced as well as our methods for overcoming those challenges. Finally, we discuss initial model results and the calibration process. In the future, the DTA model described here could aid in evaluating important policy decisions and infrastructural development in the context of the macro/meso-scale network operation. This project serves as a proof of concept for the Australia region and may provide valuable insight to other practitioners interested in emerging areas of transport planning and traffic modeling.","PeriodicalId":124818,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 18th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121929706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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