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Land Management Problems in the Mining Communities of Tarkwa, Ghana -A Look at Boundary Markers and Resurveys 加纳Tarkwa矿业社区的土地管理问题——对边界标记和勘测的观察
Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.4314/gm.v21i1.2
E. A. A. Kwesi, O. Simpson, J. K. Lawerty, A. Mends, C. Assencher, P. Baffoe
Boundary resurveys have become necessary in most mining communities of Ghana, especially, Tarkwa and its environs due to pressure and alteration in land use and land cover by mining operations. Most of the boundary markers (pillars, trees, streams, hills, valleys, footpaths, etc.) used in the past have been destroyed by mining and other associated activities. This has led to many disputes about ground boundaries and ownership of land tracts in the area. To curb the incidences of such conflicts, it has become important to have more reliable and scientific demarcations and surveys of the old boundaries and owners of land tracts in the area for registration, using modern technologies in land surveying. Equipment and methods used over a century ago to mark and describe land boundaries in the area have become obsolete now, and modern equipment and methods, while capable of measuring to very high precisions, cannot automatically give or tell the right boundaries and owners of land tracts established centuries ago. This paper examines the land boundaries situation in the study area, the impacts of mining on this, the need for boundary retracement surveys, the challenges that the rampant destruction of boundary markers in mining communities pose to such resurveys, and offers suggestions on dealing with these challenges in the management of land in the area.  It also provides helpful information to land owners, land ‘buyers’ and land surveyors on the effects of the boundary problems on land transactions, surveys and registration in mining areas.   Keywords: Surface Mining, Boundary Markers, Retracement Surveys, Land Conflicts, Management
由于采矿作业对土地使用和土地覆盖造成的压力和改变,在加纳的大多数采矿社区,特别是塔克瓦及其周边地区,都必须重新勘测边界。过去使用的大多数边界标记(柱子、树木、溪流、山丘、山谷、小径等)已被采矿和其他相关活动破坏。这导致了许多关于该地区土地边界和土地所有权的纠纷。为了遏制这种冲突的发生,重要的是利用现代土地测量技术,对旧边界进行更可靠和科学的标定和调查,并对该地区的土地所有者进行登记。一个多世纪以前用来标记和描述该地区土地边界的设备和方法现在已经过时了,现代设备和方法虽然能够以非常高的精度测量,但不能自动给出或告诉几个世纪以前建立的土地的正确边界和所有者。本文分析了研究区土地边界状况、采矿活动对土地边界的影响、边界回撤调查的必要性、矿区界标破坏猖獗给边界回撤调查带来的挑战,并提出了在土地管理中应对这些挑战的建议。它还向土地所有人、土地“买主”和土地测量师提供有用的资料,说明边界问题对矿区土地交易、测量和登记的影响。关键词:露天开采,边界标志,回撤调查,土地冲突,管理
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引用次数: 0
Arsenic Adsorption by Some Iron Oxide Minerals: Influence of Interfacial Chemistry 某些氧化铁矿物对砷的吸附:界面化学的影响
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.4314/GM.V20I2.6
B. Koomson, E. Asiam
The dramatic increase in hydrometallurgical extraction of gold from arsenic bearing gold ores has inevitably resulted in the release of arsenic into the environment worldwide. Residual arsenic minerals in tailings storage facilities can be oxidised and mobilise arsenic into the environment. This can contaminate soils, ground and surface waters and eventually biota. In spite of well-established technologies and recent advances in arsenic remediation, there are limited knowledge and understanding of the iron oxide substrate (goethite, hematite and magnetite) mineralogy and the fate of arsenic on the surface charge of these iron oxide substrates in an aqueous media during adsorption. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of interfacial chemistry on arsenic adsorption onto selected iron oxide particles to assist in developing a better understanding and new knowledge in arsenic removal from contaminated waters. Bulk mineralogy and partial chemical composition of selected iron oxide minerals were obtained using quantitative x-ray diffractometry (QXRD) and acid digestion followed by metal determination using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) respectively. Zeta Potential measurements involving iron oxide particles as arsenic adsorbents were carried out to elucidate the influence of interfacial chemistry on the adsorption behavior of arsenic from solution. The study confirmed that the iron oxide minerals were predominantly hematite, magnetite and goethite with goethite containing significant amounts of quartz. Arsenic adsorption was pH dependent and strongly influenced the zeta potential and isoelectric point (IEP) of the iron oxide particles. The zeta potential of all substrates studied was strongly positive at pH 2 but indicated a reversal at pH ~ > 9. The interaction between substrates, arsenic and its hydrolysable products resulted in significant decrease in the magnitude of zeta potential and change in IEP indicating specific adsorption.   Keywords: Arsenic, Adsorption, Iron Oxide Minerals, Zeta Potential
从含砷金矿中提取金的湿法冶金急剧增加,不可避免地导致砷释放到世界各地的环境中。尾矿储存设施中残留的砷矿物可被氧化并将砷动员到环境中。这会污染土壤、地下水和地表水,最终污染生物群。尽管在砷修复方面有完善的技术和最近的进展,但对氧化铁底物(针铁矿、赤铁矿和磁铁矿)的矿物学以及这些氧化铁底物在水介质中吸附过程中表面电荷上砷的命运的认识和理解有限。本研究的目的是研究界面化学对砷在选定的氧化铁颗粒上吸附的影响,以帮助更好地理解和了解污染水中的砷去除。采用定量x射线衍射法(QXRD)和酸消解法(电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES))分别测定了所选氧化铁矿物的总体矿物学和部分化学成分。以氧化铁颗粒为吸附剂进行了Zeta电位测量,以阐明界面化学对溶液中砷的吸附行为的影响。研究证实,氧化铁矿物主要为赤铁矿、磁铁矿和针铁矿,针铁矿中含大量石英。砷的吸附与pH值有关,并对氧化铁颗粒的zeta电位和等电点(IEP)有很大影响。所研究的所有底物的zeta电位在pH为2时呈强正电位,但在pH ~ >.9时呈反转。底物与砷及其水解产物之间的相互作用导致zeta电位的大小显著降低,IEP的变化表明了特异性吸附。关键词:砷,吸附,氧化铁矿物,Zeta电位
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引用次数: 4
Assessment of Groundwater Quality and Health Risk of Heavy Metals: A study from the Tarkwa Mining Area, Ghana 地下水质量和重金属健康风险评估:来自加纳Tarkwa矿区的研究
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.4314/GM.V20I2.1
J. Seidu, A. Ewusi
This study seeks to evaluate the hydrogeochemical characteristics of water in the Tarkwa mining area using the Piper and Chadha plots and to carry out a health risk assessment using the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) health risk assessment model. A total of 39 groundwater sample points were used for this study. Results from the Piper and Chadha diagrams show that the dominant water types in the study area are Ca-HCO3 and Mixed Ca-Mg-Cl water types which indicates that groundwater in the area can be classified as fresh water. The hazard quotient (HQ) value for heavy metals estimated, suggested an acceptable level of noncarcinogenic inimical health risk. In relation to the HQ value, the Hazard Index (HQ) calculated was less than 1 suggesting that inhabitants will not be exposed to a potential health risk for the injection of heavy metals. Carcinogenic risk estimated for As (1.80×10-4) was higher than the acceptable risk. The carcinogenic risk estimated therefore indicated that, drinking of groundwater over a long period will increase the probability of cancer. It can be concluded that currently the groundwater in the Tarkwa area is safe for domestic purposes.   Keywords: Hydrochemical Characteristics, Human Risk Assessment, Tarkwa Mining Area
本研究旨在利用Piper和Chadha地块评价Tarkwa矿区水的水文地球化学特征,并利用美国环境保护署(USEPA)健康风险评估模型进行健康风险评估。本次研究共使用了39个地下水样点。Piper图和Chadha图结果表明,研究区主要水类型为Ca-HCO3和Ca-Mg-Cl混合水类型,表明该区地下水可归类为淡水。重金属的危害商(HQ)值的估计,表明一个可接受的水平的非致癌的人体健康风险。相对于HQ值,计算出的危害指数(HQ)小于1,表明居民不会因注射重金属而面临潜在的健康风险。As的致癌风险估计(1.80×10-4)高于可接受风险。由此估计的致癌风险表明,长期饮用地下水会增加患癌症的几率。可以得出结论,目前塔克瓦地区的地下水可供家庭使用是安全的。关键词:水化学特征;人类风险评价;塔克瓦矿区
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引用次数: 4
Human Factor Analysis Framework for Ghana’s Mining Industry 加纳采矿业人因分析框架
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.4314/GM.V20I2.8
T. Joe-asare, N. Amegbey, E. Stemn
In an attempt to incorporate human factors into technical failures as accident causal factors, researchers have promoted the concept of human factor analysis. Human factor analysis models seek to identify latent conditions within the system that influence the operator’s action to trigger an accident.  For an effective application of human factor analysis models, a domain-specific model is recommended. Most existing models are developed with category/subcategory peculiar to a particular domain. This presents challenges and hinders effective application outside the domain developed for. This paper sought to propose a human factor analysis framework for Ghana’s mining industry. A comparative study was carried out between three dominated accident causation models and investigation methods in literature; AcciMap, HFACS, and STAMP. The comparative assessment showed that HFACS is suitable for incident data analysis based on the following reason; ease of learning and use, suitability for multiple incident analysis and statistical quantification of trends and patterns, and high inter and intra-coder reliability. A thorough study was done on HFACS and its derivative. Based on recommendations and research findings on HFACS from literature, Human Factor Analysis, and Classification System – Ghana Mining Industry (HFACS-GMI) was proposed. The HFACS-GMI has 4 tiers, namely; External influence/factor, Organisational factor, Local Workplace/Individual Condition and, Unsafe Act. A partial list of causal factors under each tier was generated to serve as a guide during incident coding and investigation. The HFACS-GMI consists of 18 subcategories and these have been discussed. The HFACS-GMI is specific to the Ghanaian Mines and could potentially help in identifying causal and contributing factors of an accident during an incident investigation and data analysis.   Keywords: Human Factor Analysis, Causal Factor, Causation Model, Mining Industry
在试图将人为因素作为事故原因纳入技术故障的过程中,研究者提出了人为因素分析的概念。人为因素分析模型试图识别系统中潜在的条件,这些条件会影响操作人员的行动,从而引发事故。为了有效地应用人为因素分析模型,建议使用特定于领域的模型。大多数现有模型都是使用特定领域特有的类别/子类别开发的。这就提出了挑战,并阻碍了开发领域之外的有效应用。本文试图提出一个加纳采矿业的人因分析框架。对文献中占主导地位的三种事故原因模型和调查方法进行了比较研究;AcciMap、HFACS和STAMP。对比评价表明,基于以下原因,HFACS适用于事件数据分析;易于学习和使用,适合多事件分析和趋势和模式的统计量化,以及编码器之间和内部的高可靠性。对HFACS及其衍生物进行了深入的研究。在文献推荐和研究成果的基础上,提出了人因分析与分类系统——加纳采矿业(HFACS- gmi)。HFACS-GMI分为四层,即;外部影响/因素,组织因素,当地工作场所/个人状况和不安全法案。生成了每一层下的部分原因列表,作为事件编码和调查的指南。HFACS-GMI由18个子类别组成,这些已被讨论过。HFACS-GMI是专门针对加纳矿山的,可能有助于在事故调查和数据分析期间确定事故的因果和促成因素。关键词:人因分析;因果因素;因果模型
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引用次数: 8
Borehole Rehabilitation: A Case Study in the Dunkwa Mining Town 钻孔修复:以敦瓜矿业镇为例
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.4314/gm.v20i2.2
A. Ewusi, J. Seidu
Rehabilitation works were carried out on boreholes in the Dunkwa Mining town in the Central Region of Ghana. These works were carried out because the boreholes had lost their original yields due to clogging, corrosion and encrustation and had been abandoned for a long time. The cost of drilling a new well and assessing the productivity of the well is $4,500 which is more expensive that carrying out rehabilitation works which is cheaper, about $800. Also, the initial yields of the boreholes were very high according to the feasibility report which is not a common characteristic of the rocks in the area. Camera inspection followed by rehabilitation, pre and post pumping tests were carried out to assess whether there has been an improvement in their yield after the exercise and that the yield obtained will be adequate for a water supply design. Results show that all the boreholes had an improvement in their yields (57.19 - 259.80 %) after the rehabilitation. It can therefore be concluded that rehabilitation is effective in restoring boreholes to their original yields. Organisations drilling boreholes to communities can take advantage of rehabilitation of the existing boreholes located in the communities which are high yielding, thereby reducing project implementation cost. Keywords: Borehole Rehabilitation, Borehole Yields, Borehole Camera Inspection, Pumping Test
在加纳中部地区的敦克瓦矿业镇进行了钻孔修复工程。进行这些工程是因为钻孔由于堵塞、腐蚀和结壳而失去了原来的产量,并且已经废弃了很长时间。钻一口新井并评估一口井的生产力的成本是4500美元,比进行修复工程的成本要高,而修复工程的成本较低,约为800美元。此外,根据可行性报告,钻孔的初始产量非常高,这不是该地区岩石的共同特征。摄象机检查后,进行了修复、抽水前和抽水后的测试,以评估测试后的产量是否有所改善,以及所获得的产量是否足以满足供水设计。结果表明,修复后所有井的产量均有提高(57.19% ~ 259.80%)。因此可以得出结论,修复是有效的,可以使钻孔恢复到原来的产量。向社区钻孔的组织可以利用社区内现有高产量钻孔的修复,从而降低项目实施成本。关键词:井眼修复,井眼产量,井眼摄像机检测,泵送试验
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引用次数: 0
Heavy Metal Loading in Surface Sediments along the Kawere Stream, Tarkwa, Ghana 加纳塔克瓦卡瓦河表层沉积物中的重金属负荷
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.4314/GM.V20I2.9
S. Ndur, S. Y. Nyarko, I. Quaicoe, L. Osei
Sediment contamination by heavy metals resulting from anthropogenic activities is increasingly becoming a global concern due to the risk it poses to human well-being and ecological integrity at large. The purpose of this study was to assess the heavy metals loading in sediment along the Kawere stream. Ten sediment samples were collected, acid digested and analysed for copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co) and iron (Fe) using a Varian AA240FS Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). The Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council (ANZECC) guidelines for freshwater sediment quality was used as the benchmark against which the measured metal concentrations were compared. Nemerow’s pollution and potential ecological risk indices were used to evaluate the pollution status and ecological risk levels of the heavy metals in the stream. The results obtained indicated that, except Cu which exceeded the ANZECC trigger value of 65 mg/kg at three sampling sites (K01=171.29 mg/kg, K05=170.83 mg/kg and K07=113.31 mg/kg), all other measured heavy metals concentrations were below their corresponding ANZECC values. Heavy metal pollution assessment showed that three samples (K01, K05 and K07) were slightly polluted, suggesting the likelihood of posing a health threat to the aquatic organisms and humans. Calculated Ecological Risk Index (RI) ranged from 3.229 to 19.750 (RI < 150), representing a low ecological risk. As such, the metals, Cu, Ni, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Zn pose a low ecological risk to the aquatic ecosystem. Although the ecological risk is low based on the current results, constant monitoring of the stream quality is recommended due to the increasing human activities along the stream as well as the sediments ability to accumulate and remobilise heavy metals back into the water column and possibly transferring them through the food chain.   Keywords: Heavy Metals, Sediment, Ecological Risk Assessment, Pollution, Stream
人类活动造成的重金属沉积物污染正日益成为全球关注的问题,因为它对人类福祉和整个生态完整性构成了风险。本研究的目的是评估卡瓦河沿岸沉积物中的重金属负荷。采用瓦里安AA240FS原子吸收光谱仪(AAS)对10份沉积物样品进行酸消化,分析铜(Cu)、铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、锰(Mn)、锌(Zn)、镍(Ni)、铬(Cr)、钴(Co)和铁(Fe)的含量。澳大利亚和新西兰环境与保护委员会(ANZECC)的淡水沉积物质量指南被用作基准,与测量的金属浓度进行比较。采用Nemerow污染指数和潜在生态风险指数对河流重金属污染状况和生态风险水平进行评价。结果表明,除Cu在3个采样点(K01=171.29 mg/kg、K05=170.83 mg/kg、K07=113.31 mg/kg)均超过65 mg/kg的ANZECC触发值外,其余重金属浓度均低于相应的ANZECC触发值。重金属污染评价结果显示,3个样品(K01、K05和K07)受到轻度污染,可能对水生生物和人类健康构成威胁。计算生态风险指数(RI)在3.229 ~ 19.750之间(RI < 150),生态风险较低。因此,Cu、Ni、Cd、Pb、Cr和Zn对水生生态系统的生态风险较低。虽然根据目前的结果,生态风险很低,但由于河流沿岸人类活动的增加,以及沉积物积累和重新动员重金属进入水柱并可能通过食物链转移重金属的能力,建议对河流质量进行持续监测。关键词:重金属,泥沙,生态风险评价,污染,河流
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引用次数: 2
Calcination Behaviour of Nsuta Rhodochrosite Ore in the Presence and Absence of End-of-Life High Density Polyethylene Nsuta菱锰矿在存在和不存在寿命终止高密度聚乙烯的情况下的煅烧行为
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.4314/gm.v20i2.4
K. Nimako, A. Dwumfour, K. Mensah, P. Koshy, J. R. Dankwah
This research investigated the calcination behaviour of the Nsuta Rhodochrosite (MnCO3) in the presence and absence of end-of-life high density polyethylene (HDPE) using a custom-made palm kernel shell fired furnace. Samples of pulverised Nsuta rhodochrosite were heated rapidly for 30, 40, 50 and 60 minutes, coupled with temperature measurements to determine the maximum temperature attained in the fireclay crucible. The procedure at 60 min was repeated using three blends of rhodochrosite samples containing different masses of HDPE (30 g, 40 g and 50 g) and heated for an hour. For gas analyses studies during calcination, cylindrical compacts of rhodochrosite ore in a LECOTM crucible were heated rapidly with and without high density polyethylene (HDPE at C/O ratio = 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0) in a horizontal tube furnace for 600 s at 1150 °C under high purity argon gas and the off gas was continuously analysed for CH4, CO and CO2 using an online infrared gas analyser. The content of H2 in the off gas was detected using a GC3 gas chromatographic analyser equipped with a thermal conductivity detector. The Nsuta rhodochrosite ore was found to consist of a mixture of manganese II carbonate (MnCO3), silica (SiO2), mixed transition metal carbonate of the form Ca(Mn, Mg)(CO3)2 and mixed metal silicate of the form Ca0.6Mg1.94Si2O6. Calcination results indicated visible colour changes (from grey to dark brown), along with significant changes in the mass before and after calcination. In the absence and presence of the polymer, measured temperatures in the crucible ranged from 1001 °C to 1366 °C and 1361 °C to 1369 °C, respectively. Analyses by XRF showed marginal increase in the content of Mn in the calcined ore with HDPE addition. Gas analyses indicate that blending the carbonate with HDPE before heating results in significant decrease in the amount of CO2 emitted.   Keywords: Land Tenure Security, Registration, Spatial Data, Attribute Data
本研究利用特制的棕榈仁壳燃烧炉,研究了Nsuta红锰矿(MnCO3)在废高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)存在和不存在情况下的煅烧行为。Nsuta红锰矿粉状样品被快速加热30,40,50和60分钟,再加上温度测量,以确定在耐火粘土坩埚中达到的最高温度。使用含有不同HDPE质量(30g, 40g和50g)的三种红锰矿样品混合物在60分钟重复该过程,并加热1小时。对于煅烧过程中的气体分析研究,在LECOTM坩埚中,在水平管式炉中,在1150°C的高纯氩气下,用高密度聚乙烯(HDPE, C/O比= 1.0、1.5和2.0)和高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)快速加热600 s,并使用在线红外气体分析仪连续分析废气中的CH4、CO和CO2。采用配备导热检测器的GC3气相色谱分析仪检测废气中H2的含量。Nsuta红锰矿石由碳酸锰(MnCO3)、二氧化硅(SiO2)、Ca(Mn, Mg)(CO3)2形式的混合过渡金属碳酸盐和Ca0.6Mg1.94Si2O6形式的混合金属硅酸盐组成。煅烧结果显示可见的颜色变化(从灰色到深棕色),以及煅烧前后肿块的显著变化。在不存在和存在聚合物的情况下,坩埚中的测量温度分别为1001°C至1366°C和1361°C至1369°C。XRF分析表明,添加HDPE后,煅烧矿石中Mn含量略有增加。气体分析表明,在加热前将碳酸盐与HDPE混合可以显著减少二氧化碳的排放量。关键词:土地权属保障、登记、空间数据、属性数据
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引用次数: 7
Determining Acid and Metalliferous Drainage Potential of Waste Rock on a Mine 某矿山废石酸、金属排水电位的测定
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.4314/GM.V20I2.7
S. Fosu, C. Owusu, F. Ntsiful, K. Ackah
Acid and Metalliferous Drainage (AMD) is recognised as serious environmental problem in the mining industry. This is because environmental issue of AMD poses serious threat to water quality, vegetation cover and social licence of the mining operations. AMD occurs when reactive sulphide bearing materials are exposed to oxidising conditions. It has now become imperative for some mining companies to test sulphide bearing minerals for their AMD potential before major mining excavations are done. This work determines the AMD potential of fifty (50) waste rock samples from a Mine using Acid Base Accounting (ABA) techniques. Mineralogical studies on the sample indicated that the major sulphide mineral assemblages present were pyrite, arsenopyrite and chalcopyrite. Paste pH showed that 20% of the samples had undergone weathering and as such AMD generation had already started. Approximately 22% of the sample had conductivity levels between 1000 to 10,000 µS/cm and this shows a typical AMD chemical characteristic of high salinity. Acid Base Accounting showed that 32% of the samples were acid generating. Exactly 16% were non-acid forming and 52% were uncertain. The analysis showed that the potential for AMD generation exists for the waste rock material and can affect the local environment, specifically water quality if preventive measures are not taken.   Keywords: Sulphide, Waste Rock, Acid Base Accounting, Paste pH, Conductivity
酸和金属排放(AMD)是公认的采矿行业严重的环境问题。这是因为AMD的环境问题对水质、植被覆盖和采矿作业的社会许可构成了严重威胁。当含有活性硫化物的材料暴露在氧化条件下时,AMD就会发生。现在,一些矿业公司必须在进行重大采矿挖掘之前测试含硫化物矿物的AMD潜力。这项工作确定了50(50)废石样品的AMD潜力从一个矿山使用酸碱核算(ABA)技术。样品的矿物学研究表明,硫化物矿物组合主要为黄铁矿、毒砂和黄铜矿。膏体pH值表明,20%的样品经历了风化,因此AMD的生成已经开始。大约22%的样品的电导率水平在1000到10,000µS/cm之间,这显示了典型的高盐度AMD化学特征。酸碱计算表明,32%的样品产生酸。16%为非酸形成,52%为不确定。分析表明,废石料存在产生AMD的潜力,如果不采取预防措施,可能会影响当地环境,特别是水质。关键词:硫化物,废石,酸碱核算,膏体pH,电导率
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引用次数: 0
Development of a Stope Stability Prediction Model Using Ensemble Learning Techniques - A Case Study 利用集成学习技术开发采场稳定性预测模型-一个案例研究
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.4314/gm.v20i2.3
F. Saadaari, D. Mireku-Gyimah, B. Olaleye
The consequences of collapsed stopes can be dire in the mining industry. This can lead to the revocation of a mining license in most jurisdictions, especially when the harm costs lives. Therefore, as a mine planning and technical services engineer, it is imperative to estimate the stability status of stopes. This study has attempted to produce a stope stability prediction model adopted from stability graph using ensemble learning techniques. This study was conducted using 472 case histories from 120 stopes of AngloGold Ashanti Ghana, Obuasi Mine. Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, Bootstrap Aggregating and Adaptive Boosting classification algorithms were used to produce the models. A comparative analysis was done using six classification performance metrics namely Accuracy, Precision, Sensitivity, F1-score, Specificity and Mathews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) to determine which ensemble learning technique performed best in predicting the stability of a stope. The Bootstrap Aggregating model obtained the highest MCC score of 96.84% while the Adaptive Boosting model obtained the lowest score. The Specificity scores in decreasing order of performance were 98.95%, 97.89%, 96.32% and 95.26% for Bootstrap Aggregating, Gradient Boosting, Random Forest and Adaptive Boosting respectively. The results showed equal Accuracy, Precision, F1-score and Sensitivity score of 97.89% for the Bootstrap Aggregating model while the same observation was made for Adaptive Boosting, Gradient Boosting and Random Forest with 90.53%, 92.63% and 95.79% scores respectively. At a 95% confidence interval using Wilson Score Interval, the results showed that the Bootstrap Aggregating model produced the minimal error and hence was selected as the alternative stope design tool for predicting the stability status of stopes.   Keywords: Stope Stability, Ensemble Learning Techniques, Stability Graph, Machine Learning
在采矿业中,采场坍塌的后果可能是可怕的。在大多数司法管辖区,这可能导致采矿许可证被吊销,尤其是在危害造成生命损失的情况下。因此,作为矿山规划和技术服务工程师,对采场的稳定状态进行评估势在必行。本研究尝试利用集成学习技术从稳定性图中建立采场稳定性预测模型。本研究使用AngloGold Ashanti Ghana, Obuasi矿山120个采场的472个案例进行。使用随机森林、梯度增强、自举聚合和自适应增强分类算法生成模型。通过准确性、精密度、灵敏度、f1评分、特异性和马修斯相关系数(MCC) 6个分类性能指标进行对比分析,确定哪种集成学习技术在预测采场稳定性方面表现最好。Bootstrap Aggregating模型的MCC得分最高,达到96.84%,Adaptive Boosting模型的MCC得分最低。自举聚合(Bootstrap Aggregating)、梯度增强(Gradient Boosting)、随机森林(Random Forest)和自适应增强(Adaptive Boosting)的特异性得分分别为98.95%、97.89%、96.32%和95.26%。结果表明,Bootstrap Aggregating模型的Accuracy、Precision、f1得分和Sensitivity得分均为97.89%,Adaptive Boosting、Gradient Boosting和Random Forest模型的准确率分别为90.53%、92.63%和95.79%。在95%的置信区间内,结果表明Bootstrap Aggregating模型产生的误差最小,因此被选为预测采场稳定状态的备选采场设计工具。关键词:采场稳定性,集成学习技术,稳定性图,机器学习
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引用次数: 3
The Information and Communication Technology Infrastructure on University of Mines and Technology Campus and Its Impact on Library e-Resource Accessibility 矿业大学校园信息通信技术基础设施建设及其对图书馆电子资源可及性的影响
Pub Date : 2020-07-07 DOI: 10.4314/gm.v20i1.9
P. Anafo, S. Akpah, Y. Ofori
Abstract The University of Mines and Technology (UMaT), Tarkwa, Ghana has a Local Area Network (LAN) infrastructure whose primary purpose is to facilitate research; teaching and learning; and information dissemination. The LAN infrastructure spans a maximum distance of 1.39 square-kilometers with an upload and download speed of 115 Mb/s and interconnects the administration block, faculties, library and halls of residence with high-speed ethernet links operating over a dedicated fiber optic backbone. The LAN infrastructure with connectivity to the internet impact operations in various sections of the University, notably, the University Library. The main purpose of the library is to interact with different information networks to make available e-resource materials to students, academic and non-academic staff. This can only be achieved over a dedicated LAN infrastructure. The introduction of Library Management Systems (Koha), Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) and the UMaT Space has improved library services such as document delivery, circulation and borrowing, amongst others. However, there exist a major challenge associated with library e-resources accessibility. This paper sought to investigate the factors hindering library e-resource accessibility for the purposes of improving research. Questionnaire was administered to respondents to solicit primary information while secondary information was obtained from published literature. 537 out of 855 participants responded to the questionnaire administered. 351 (65.36%) represented undergraduate students, 73 (13.60%) represented postgraduate students, 87 (16.20%), 21 (3.91%), 5 (0.93%) represented teaching, non-teaching and library staff respectively. The responses were analysed using simple tables and pie charts. Results from the study showed inadequate access points to enable users access these e-resource materials and lack of knowledge about the existence of these resources. The investigation further revealed the need for the library to embark on an information literacy drive for both students and academic staff. Various ways of improving e-resource accessibility was suggested.   Keywords: Local Area Network, ICT Infrastructure, Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC), E-Resources
加纳塔尔克瓦矿业科技大学(UMaT)拥有一个局域网(LAN)基础设施,其主要目的是促进研究;教与学;以及信息传播。局域网基础设施的最大距离为1.39平方公里,上传和下载速度为115 Mb/s,并通过专用光纤骨干网运行的高速以太网链路将行政大楼、院系、图书馆和宿舍连接起来。连接互联网的局域网基础设施影响大学各部门的运作,特别是大学图书馆。图书馆的主要目的是与不同的信息网络进行交互,为学生、学术人员和非学术人员提供电子资源材料。这只能在专用的局域网基础设施上实现。图书馆管理系统(Koha)、网上公共检索目录(OPAC)和UMaT空间的引入改善了图书馆的服务,如文件传递、流通和借阅等。然而,图书馆电子资源的可及性存在着一个重大挑战。本文旨在探讨影响图书馆电子资源可及性的因素,以提高研究水平。通过问卷调查获取主要信息,通过公开文献获取次要信息。855名参与者中有537人回答了调查问卷。本科生351人(65.36%),研究生73人(13.60%),教学人员87人(16.20%),非教学人员21人(3.91%),图书馆工作人员5人(0.93%)。我们用简单的表格和饼状图分析了这些回答。研究结果显示,用户访问这些电子资源材料的接入点不足,对这些资源的存在缺乏了解。调查进一步显示,图书馆需要开展学生和教职员工的信息素养培训。提出了提高电子资源可及性的多种途径。关键词:局域网,ICT基础设施,在线公共访问目录,电子资源
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引用次数: 2
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Ghana Mining Journal
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