Pub Date : 2024-07-08DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1434786
Michael F. Dorman, Sarah C. Natale, Joshua S. Stohl, Jenna Felder
Cochlear implant (CI) systems differ in terms of electrode design and signal processing. It is likely that patients fit with different implant systems will experience different percepts when presented speech via their implant. The sound quality of speech can be evaluated by asking single-sided-deaf (SSD) listeners fit with a cochlear implant (CI) to modify clean signals presented to their typically hearing ear to match the sound quality of signals presented to their CI ear. In this paper, we describe very close matches to CI sound quality, i.e., similarity ratings of 9.5 to 10 on a 10-point scale, by ten patients fit with a 28 mm electrode array and MED EL signal processing. The modifications required to make close approximations to CI sound quality fell into two groups: One consisted of a restricted frequency bandwidth and spectral smearing while a second was characterized by a wide bandwidth and no spectral smearing. Both sets of modifications were different from those found for patients with shorter electrode arrays who chose upshifts in voice pitch and formant frequencies to match CI sound quality. The data from matching-based metrics of CI sound quality document that speech sound-quality differs for patients fit with different CIs and among patients fit with the same CI.
人工耳蜗（CI）系统在电极设计和信号处理方面各不相同。植入不同植入系统的患者在通过植入体聆听语音时可能会有不同的感受。可以通过让植入人工耳蜗（CI）的单侧耳聋（SSD）听者修改其典型听力耳的纯净信号，使其与植入 CI 耳的信号音质相匹配，来评估语音的音质。在本文中，我们描述了十名安装了 28 毫米电极阵列和 MED EL 信号处理器的患者与 CI 音质非常接近的情况，即相似度在 10 分制中达到 9.5 到 10 分。为接近 CI 音质所需的修改分为两组：一类是限制频率带宽和频谱模糊，另一类是宽频带宽和无频谱模糊。这两组修饰都不同于电极阵列较短的患者，后者选择上移声调和共振频率来匹配 CI 音质。基于匹配的 CI 音质度量数据表明，使用不同 CI 的患者和使用相同 CI 的患者的语音音质是不同的。
{"title":"Frontiers | Close approximations to the sound of a cochlear implant","authors":"Michael F. Dorman, Sarah C. Natale, Joshua S. Stohl, Jenna Felder","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1434786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1434786","url":null,"abstract":"Cochlear implant (CI) systems differ in terms of electrode design and signal processing. It is likely that patients fit with different implant systems will experience different percepts when presented speech via their implant. The sound quality of speech can be evaluated by asking single-sided-deaf (SSD) listeners fit with a cochlear implant (CI) to modify clean signals presented to their typically hearing ear to match the sound quality of signals presented to their CI ear. In this paper, we describe very close matches to CI sound quality, i.e., similarity ratings of 9.5 to 10 on a 10-point scale, by ten patients fit with a 28 mm electrode array and MED EL signal processing. The modifications required to make close approximations to CI sound quality fell into two groups: One consisted of a restricted frequency bandwidth and spectral smearing while a second was characterized by a wide bandwidth and no spectral smearing. Both sets of modifications were different from those found for patients with shorter electrode arrays who chose upshifts in voice pitch and formant frequencies to match CI sound quality. The data from matching-based metrics of CI sound quality document that speech sound-quality differs for patients fit with different CIs and among patients fit with the same CI.","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141720368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-05DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1370572
Maria Clemencia Ortiz-Barajas
Even though most children acquire language effortlessly, not all do. Nowadays, language disorders are difficult to diagnose before 3–4 years of age, because diagnosis relies on behavioral criteria difficult to obtain early in life. Using electroencephalography, I investigated whether differences in newborns’ neural activity when listening to sentences in their native language (French) and a rhythmically different unfamiliar language (English) relate to measures of later language development at 12 and 18 months. Here I show that activation differences in the theta band at birth predict language comprehension abilities at 12 and 18 months. These findings suggest that a neural measure of language discrimination at birth could be used in the early identification of infants at risk of developmental language disorders.
{"title":"Predicting language outcome at birth","authors":"Maria Clemencia Ortiz-Barajas","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1370572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1370572","url":null,"abstract":"Even though most children acquire language effortlessly, not all do. Nowadays, language disorders are difficult to diagnose before 3–4 years of age, because diagnosis relies on behavioral criteria difficult to obtain early in life. Using electroencephalography, I investigated whether differences in newborns’ neural activity when listening to sentences in their native language (French) and a rhythmically different unfamiliar language (English) relate to measures of later language development at 12 and 18 months. Here I show that activation differences in the theta band at birth predict language comprehension abilities at 12 and 18 months. These findings suggest that a neural measure of language discrimination at birth could be used in the early identification of infants at risk of developmental language disorders.","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141552502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BackgroundPalilalia is a type of speech characterized by compulsive repetition of words, phrases, or syllables. Several reports have noted that palilalia can occur in response to external verbal stimuli. Here, we report, for the first time, a patient with palilalia induced by gait, which we call “movement-related palilalia.”Case presentationEleven months after the onset of cerebral infarction sparing the right precentral gyrus and its adjacent subcortical regions, a 63-year-old, left-handed Japanese man was referred for psychiatric consultation because of a complaint of irritability caused by the stress of compulsive repetition of a single meaningless word, “wai.” The repetition of a word, palilalia, in this case, was characterized by its predominant occurrence during walking and by its melodic tones. The palilalia during walking disappeared almost completely after 5 months of treatment with carbamazepine 600 mg.ConclusionPalilalia induced by gait can occur in patients with a history of cerebral infarction. This palilalia during walking may be due to the reorganization of networks in areas nearby or surrounding cerebral infarcts.
{"title":"Case report: Gait-induced palilalia in a patient with hemiplegia due to cerebral infarction","authors":"Yoshiyuki Kaneko, Takahiro Suzuki, Hideto Nakajima, Tadashi Kanamori, Masahiro Suzuki","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1361585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1361585","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundPalilalia is a type of speech characterized by compulsive repetition of words, phrases, or syllables. Several reports have noted that palilalia can occur in response to external verbal stimuli. Here, we report, for the first time, a patient with palilalia induced by gait, which we call “movement-related palilalia.”Case presentationEleven months after the onset of cerebral infarction sparing the right precentral gyrus and its adjacent subcortical regions, a 63-year-old, left-handed Japanese man was referred for psychiatric consultation because of a complaint of irritability caused by the stress of compulsive repetition of a single meaningless word, “wai.” The repetition of a word, palilalia, in this case, was characterized by its predominant occurrence during walking and by its melodic tones. The palilalia during walking disappeared almost completely after 5 months of treatment with carbamazepine 600 mg.ConclusionPalilalia induced by gait can occur in patients with a history of cerebral infarction. This palilalia during walking may be due to the reorganization of networks in areas nearby or surrounding cerebral infarcts.","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141523996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1383630
Esra Cemre Su de Groot, Lieke Hofmans, Wouter van den Bos
IntroductionIndividual differences in social learning impact many important decisions, from voting behavior to polarization. Prior research has found that there are consistent and stable individual differences in social information use. However, the underlying mechanisms of these individual differences are still poorly understood.MethodsWe used two complementary exploratory machine learning approaches to identify brain volumes related to individual differences in social information use.Results and discussionUsing lasso regression and random forest regression we were able to capture linear and non-linear brain-behavior relationships. Consistent with previous studies, our results suggest there is a robust positive relationship between the volume of the left pars triangularis and social information use. Moreover, our results largely overlap with common social brain network regions, such as the medial prefrontal cortex, superior temporal sulcus, temporal parietal junction, and anterior cingulate cortex. Besides, our analyses also revealed several novel regions related to individual differences in social information use, such as the postcentral gyrus, the left caudal middle frontal gyrus, the left pallidum, and the entorhinal cortex. Together, these results provide novel insights into the neural mechanisms that underly individual differences in social learning and provide important new leads for future research.
{"title":"Brain structure correlates of social information use: an exploratory machine learning approach","authors":"Esra Cemre Su de Groot, Lieke Hofmans, Wouter van den Bos","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1383630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1383630","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionIndividual differences in social learning impact many important decisions, from voting behavior to polarization. Prior research has found that there are consistent and stable individual differences in social information use. However, the underlying mechanisms of these individual differences are still poorly understood.MethodsWe used two complementary exploratory machine learning approaches to identify brain volumes related to individual differences in social information use.Results and discussionUsing lasso regression and random forest regression we were able to capture linear and non-linear brain-behavior relationships. Consistent with previous studies, our results suggest there is a robust positive relationship between the volume of the left pars triangularis and social information use. Moreover, our results largely overlap with common social brain network regions, such as the medial prefrontal cortex, superior temporal sulcus, temporal parietal junction, and anterior cingulate cortex. Besides, our analyses also revealed several novel regions related to individual differences in social information use, such as the postcentral gyrus, the left caudal middle frontal gyrus, the left pallidum, and the entorhinal cortex. Together, these results provide novel insights into the neural mechanisms that underly individual differences in social learning and provide important new leads for future research.","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141523982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1439729
Cornelia Herbert, Georg Northoff
{"title":"Editorial: Analyzing and computing humans - the role of language, culture, brain and health.","authors":"Cornelia Herbert, Georg Northoff","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1439729","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1439729","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11250248/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141626490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1305446
Tyler Santander, Sara Leslie, Luna J. Li, Henri E. Skinner, Jessica M. Simonson, Patrick Sweeney, Kaitlyn P. Deen, Michael B. Miller, Tad T. Brunye
IntroductionTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) administers low-intensity direct current electrical stimulation to brain regions via electrodes arranged on the surface of the scalp. The core promise of tDCS is its ability to modulate brain activity and affect performance on diverse cognitive functions (affording causal inferences regarding regional brain activity and behavior), but the optimal methodological parameters for maximizing behavioral effects remain to be elucidated. Here we sought to examine the effects of 10 stimulation and experimental design factors across a series of five cognitive domains: motor performance, visual search, working memory, vigilance, and response inhibition. The objective was to identify a set of optimal parameter settings that consistently and reliably maximized the behavioral effects of tDCS within each cognitive domain.MethodsWe surveyed tDCS effects on these various cognitive functions in healthy young adults, ultimately resulting in 721 effects across 106 published reports. Hierarchical Bayesian meta-regression models were fit to characterize how (and to what extent) these design parameters differentially predict the likelihood of positive/negative behavioral outcomes.ResultsConsistent with many previous meta-analyses of tDCS effects, extensive variability was observed across tasks and measured outcomes. Consequently, most design parameters did not confer consistent advantages or disadvantages to behavioral effects—a domain-general model suggested an advantage to using within-subjects designs (versus between-subjects) and the tendency for cathodal stimulation (relative to anodal stimulation) to produce reduced behavioral effects, but these associations were scarcely-evident in domain-specific models.DiscussionThese findings highlight the urgent need for tDCS studies to more systematically probe the effects of these parameters on behavior to fulfill the promise of identifying causal links between brain function and cognition.
引言 经颅直流电刺激（transcranial direct current stimulation，tDCS）是通过布置在头皮表面的电极对大脑区域进行低强度直流电刺激。tDCS 的核心功能是调节大脑活动并影响不同认知功能的表现（提供有关区域大脑活动和行为的因果推论），但最大化行为效果的最佳方法参数仍有待阐明。在这里，我们试图研究 10 种刺激和实验设计因素对以下五个认知领域的影响：运动表现、视觉搜索、工作记忆、警觉性和反应抑制。我们调查了 tDCS 对健康年轻人各种认知功能的影响，最终在 106 篇已发表的报告中发现了 721 种影响。我们拟合了层次贝叶斯元回归模型，以描述这些设计参数如何（以及在多大程度上）以不同方式预测积极/消极行为结果的可能性。结果与之前许多关于 tDCS 效果的元分析一致，在不同任务和测量结果之间观察到了广泛的变异性。因此，大多数设计参数并没有给行为效应带来一致的优势或劣势--领域一般模型表明，使用受试者内设计（相对于受试者间设计）具有优势，阴极刺激（相对于阳极刺激）倾向于产生较低的行为效应，但这些关联在特定领域模型中几乎不明显.讨论这些发现突出表明，tDCS研究迫切需要更系统地探究这些参数对行为的影响，以实现确定大脑功能与认知之间因果联系的承诺。
{"title":"Towards optimized methodological parameters for maximizing the behavioral effects of transcranial direct current stimulation","authors":"Tyler Santander, Sara Leslie, Luna J. Li, Henri E. Skinner, Jessica M. Simonson, Patrick Sweeney, Kaitlyn P. Deen, Michael B. Miller, Tad T. Brunye","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1305446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1305446","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) administers low-intensity direct current electrical stimulation to brain regions via electrodes arranged on the surface of the scalp. The core promise of tDCS is its ability to modulate brain activity and affect performance on diverse cognitive functions (affording <jats:italic>causal</jats:italic> inferences regarding regional brain activity and behavior), but the optimal methodological parameters for maximizing behavioral effects remain to be elucidated. Here we sought to examine the effects of 10 stimulation and experimental design factors across a series of five cognitive domains: motor performance, visual search, working memory, vigilance, and response inhibition. The objective was to identify a set of optimal parameter settings that consistently and reliably maximized the behavioral effects of tDCS within each cognitive domain.MethodsWe surveyed tDCS effects on these various cognitive functions in healthy young adults, ultimately resulting in 721 effects across 106 published reports. Hierarchical Bayesian meta-regression models were fit to characterize how (and to what extent) these design parameters differentially predict the likelihood of positive/negative behavioral outcomes.ResultsConsistent with many previous meta-analyses of tDCS effects, extensive variability was observed across tasks and measured outcomes. Consequently, most design parameters did not confer consistent advantages or disadvantages to behavioral effects—a domain-general model suggested an advantage to using within-subjects designs (versus between-subjects) and the tendency for cathodal stimulation (relative to anodal stimulation) to produce reduced behavioral effects, but these associations were scarcely-evident in domain-specific models.DiscussionThese findings highlight the urgent need for tDCS studies to more systematically probe the effects of these parameters on behavior to fulfill the promise of identifying causal links between brain function and cognition.","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141523981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1408411
Chen Donggui, Su Jingan, Wang Ruiming
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the differences in perceptual representations among multilingual individuals. In Experiment 1, the immediate sentence-picture verification paradigm was used to investigate perceptual representations in the working memory stage. The results suggest a match effect within the first language (Cantonese), but not within the second language (Mandarin) or the third language (English), showing perceptual representations only in first language comprehension. In Experiment 2, the delayed sentence-picture verification paradigm was used to investigate perceptual representations in long-term memory. Similarly, the results suggest a match effect within the first language (Mandarin), but not within the second language (English). The findings of both experiments suggest that the first language was perceptually represented, regardless of whether it was Cantonese or Mandarin, regardless of the processing in working memory or long-term memory. No evidence was found for perceptual representations in the later-learned languages, regardless of high or low proficiency. Our study has implications for theories of language comprehension and embodied cognition.
{"title":"Differences in perceptual representations in multilinguals’ first, second, and third language","authors":"Chen Donggui, Su Jingan, Wang Ruiming","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1408411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1408411","url":null,"abstract":"Two experiments were conducted to investigate the differences in perceptual representations among multilingual individuals. In Experiment 1, the immediate sentence-picture verification paradigm was used to investigate perceptual representations in the working memory stage. The results suggest a match effect within the first language (Cantonese), but not within the second language (Mandarin) or the third language (English), showing perceptual representations only in first language comprehension. In Experiment 2, the delayed sentence-picture verification paradigm was used to investigate perceptual representations in long-term memory. Similarly, the results suggest a match effect within the first language (Mandarin), but not within the second language (English). The findings of both experiments suggest that the first language was perceptually represented, regardless of whether it was Cantonese or Mandarin, regardless of the processing in working memory or long-term memory. No evidence was found for perceptual representations in the later-learned languages, regardless of high or low proficiency. Our study has implications for theories of language comprehension and embodied cognition.","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141506571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-27eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1449239
Jordan N Williamson, Shirley A James, Dorothy He, Sheng Li, Evgeny V Sidorov, Yuan Yang
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1286238.].
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1286238.].
{"title":"Corrigendum: High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation for upper extremity rehabilitation in moderate-to-severe ischemic stroke: a pilot study.","authors":"Jordan N Williamson, Shirley A James, Dorothy He, Sheng Li, Evgeny V Sidorov, Yuan Yang","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1449239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1449239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1286238.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11236751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141590086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-27DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1383956
Hannah S. Pulferer, Cuntai Guan, Gernot R. Müller-Putz
Accident analyses repeatedly reported the considerable contribution of run-off-road incidents to fatalities in road traffic, and despite considerable advances in assistive technologies to mitigate devastating consequences, little insight into the drivers’ brain response during such accident scenarios has been gained. While various literature documents neural correlates to steering motion, the driver’s mental state, and the impact of distraction and fatigue on driving performance, the cortical substrate of continuous deviations of a car from the road – i.e., how the brain represents a varying discrepancy between the intended and observed car position and subsequently assigns customized levels of corrective measures – remains unclear. Furthermore, the superposition of multiple subprocesses, such as visual and erroneous feedback processing, performance monitoring, or motor control, complicates a clear interpretation of engaged brain regions within car driving tasks. In the present study, we thus attempted to disentangle these subprocesses, employing passive and active steering conditions within both error-free and error-prone vehicle operation conditions. We recorded EEG signals of 26 participants in 13 sessions, simultaneously measuring pairs of Executors (actively steering) and Observers (strictly observing) during a car driving task. We observed common brain patterns in the Executors regardless of error-free or error-prone vehicle operation, albeit with a shift in spectral activity from motor beta to occipital alpha oscillations within erroneous conditions. Further, significant frontocentral differences between Observers and Executors, tracing back to the caudal anterior cingulate cortex, arose during active steering conditions, indicating increased levels of motor-behavioral cognitive control. Finally, we present regression results of both the steering signal and the car position, indicating that a regression of continuous deviations from the road utilizing the EEG might be feasible.
{"title":"Investigating multilevel cognitive processing within error-free and error-prone feedback conditions in executed and observed car driving","authors":"Hannah S. Pulferer, Cuntai Guan, Gernot R. Müller-Putz","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1383956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1383956","url":null,"abstract":"Accident analyses repeatedly reported the considerable contribution of run-off-road incidents to fatalities in road traffic, and despite considerable advances in assistive technologies to mitigate devastating consequences, little insight into the drivers’ brain response during such accident scenarios has been gained. While various literature documents neural correlates to steering motion, the driver’s mental state, and the impact of distraction and fatigue on driving performance, the cortical substrate of continuous deviations of a car from the road – i.e., how the brain represents a varying discrepancy between the intended and observed car position and subsequently assigns customized levels of corrective measures – remains unclear. Furthermore, the superposition of multiple subprocesses, such as visual and erroneous feedback processing, performance monitoring, or motor control, complicates a clear interpretation of engaged brain regions within car driving tasks. In the present study, we thus attempted to disentangle these subprocesses, employing passive and active steering conditions within both error-free and error-prone vehicle operation conditions. We recorded EEG signals of 26 participants in 13 sessions, simultaneously measuring pairs of Executors (actively steering) and Observers (strictly observing) during a car driving task. We observed common brain patterns in the Executors regardless of error-free or error-prone vehicle operation, albeit with a shift in spectral activity from motor beta to occipital alpha oscillations within erroneous conditions. Further, significant frontocentral differences between Observers and Executors, tracing back to the caudal anterior cingulate cortex, arose during active steering conditions, indicating increased levels of motor-behavioral cognitive control. Finally, we present regression results of both the steering signal and the car position, indicating that a regression of continuous deviations from the road utilizing the EEG might be feasible.","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141506573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-27DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1420334
O. C. van Stuijvenberg, D. P. S. Samlal, M. J. Vansteensel, M. L. D. Broekman, K. R. Jongsma
AI-driven brain-computed interfaces aimed at restoring speech for individuals living with locked-in-syndrome are paired with ethical implications for user’s autonomy, privacy and responsibility. Embedding options for sufficient levels of user-control in speech-BCI design has been proposed to mitigate these ethical challenges. However, how user-control in speech-BCIs is conceptualized and how it relates to these ethical challenges is underdetermined. In this narrative literature review, we aim to clarify and explicate the notion of user-control in speech-BCIs, to better understand in what way user-control could operationalize user’s autonomy, privacy and responsibility and explore how such suggestions for increasing user-control can be translated to recommendations for the design or use of speech-BCIs. First, we identified types of user control, including executory control that can protect voluntariness of speech, and guidance control that can contribute to semantic accuracy. Second, we identified potential causes for a loss of user-control, including contributions of predictive language models, a lack of ability for neural control, or signal interference and external control. Such a loss of user control may have implications for semantic accuracy and mental privacy. Third we explored ways to design for user-control. While embedding initiation signals for users may increase executory control, they may conflict with other aims such as speed and continuity of speech. Design mechanisms for guidance control remain largely conceptual, similar trade-offs in design may be expected. We argue that preceding these trade-offs, the overarching aim of speech-BCIs needs to be defined, requiring input from current and potential users. Additionally, conceptual clarification of user-control and other (ethical) concepts in this debate has practical relevance for BCI researchers. For instance, different concepts of inner speech may have distinct ethical implications. Increased clarity of such concepts can improve anticipation of ethical implications of speech-BCIs and may help to steer design decisions.
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