Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1425090
Miguel Cienfuegos, Abdeldjallil Naceri, Jonathan Maycock, Risto Kõiva, Helge Ritter, Thomas Schack
IntroductionThis study investigates the multifaceted nature of motor learning in a complex bimanual task by examining the interplay between mental representation structures, biomechanics, tactile pressure, and performance. We developed a novel maze game requiring participants to maneuver a rolling sphere through a maze, exemplifying complex sequential coordination of vision and haptic control using both hands. A key component of this study is the introduction of cognitive primitives, fundamental units of cognitive and motor actions that represent specific movement patterns and strategies.MethodsParticipants were divided into two groups based on initial performance: poor performers (PPG) and good performers (GPG). The experimental setup employed motion capture and innovative tactile sensors to capture a detailed multimodal picture of the interaction process. Our primary aims were to (1) assess the effects of daily practice on task performance, biomechanics, and tactile pressure, (2) examine the relationship between changes in mental representation structures and skill performance, and (3) explore the interplay between biomechanics, tactile pressure, and cognitive representation in motor learning.ResultsPerformance analysis showed that motor skills improved with practice, with the GPG outperforming the PPG in maze navigation efficiency. Biomechanical analysis revealed that the GPG demonstrated superior movement strategies, as indicated by higher peak velocities and fewer velocity peaks during task execution. Tactile feedback analysis showed that GPG participants applied more precise and focused pressure with their right-hand thumb, suggesting enhanced motor control. Cognitively, both groups refined their mental representation structures over time, but the GPG exhibited a more structured and sophisticated cognitive mapping of the task post-practice.DiscussionThe findings highlight the intertwined nature of biomechanical control, tactile feedback, and cognitive processing in motor skill acquisition. The results support established theories, such as the cognitive action architecture approach, emphasizing the role of mental representation in planning and executing motor actions. The integration of cognitive primitives in our analysis provides a theoretical framework that connects observable behaviors to underlying cognitive strategies, enhancing the understanding of motor learning across various contexts. Our study underscores the necessity of a holistic approach to motor learning research, recognizing the complex interaction between cognitive and motor processes in skill acquisition.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of motor skill acquisition in a novel bimanual task: the role of mental representation and sensorimotor feedback","authors":"Miguel Cienfuegos, Abdeldjallil Naceri, Jonathan Maycock, Risto Kõiva, Helge Ritter, Thomas Schack","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1425090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1425090","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionThis study investigates the multifaceted nature of motor learning in a complex bimanual task by examining the interplay between mental representation structures, biomechanics, tactile pressure, and performance. We developed a novel maze game requiring participants to maneuver a rolling sphere through a maze, exemplifying complex sequential coordination of vision and haptic control using both hands. A key component of this study is the introduction of cognitive primitives, fundamental units of cognitive and motor actions that represent specific movement patterns and strategies.MethodsParticipants were divided into two groups based on initial performance: poor performers (PPG) and good performers (GPG). The experimental setup employed motion capture and innovative tactile sensors to capture a detailed multimodal picture of the interaction process. Our primary aims were to (1) assess the effects of daily practice on task performance, biomechanics, and tactile pressure, (2) examine the relationship between changes in mental representation structures and skill performance, and (3) explore the interplay between biomechanics, tactile pressure, and cognitive representation in motor learning.ResultsPerformance analysis showed that motor skills improved with practice, with the GPG outperforming the PPG in maze navigation efficiency. Biomechanical analysis revealed that the GPG demonstrated superior movement strategies, as indicated by higher peak velocities and fewer velocity peaks during task execution. Tactile feedback analysis showed that GPG participants applied more precise and focused pressure with their right-hand thumb, suggesting enhanced motor control. Cognitively, both groups refined their mental representation structures over time, but the GPG exhibited a more structured and sophisticated cognitive mapping of the task post-practice.DiscussionThe findings highlight the intertwined nature of biomechanical control, tactile feedback, and cognitive processing in motor skill acquisition. The results support established theories, such as the cognitive action architecture approach, emphasizing the role of mental representation in planning and executing motor actions. The integration of cognitive primitives in our analysis provides a theoretical framework that connects observable behaviors to underlying cognitive strategies, enhancing the understanding of motor learning across various contexts. Our study underscores the necessity of a holistic approach to motor learning research, recognizing the complex interaction between cognitive and motor processes in skill acquisition.","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142183793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1445397
Qi Dong, Le Sun, Xue Du
IntroductionDeaf students have more difficulties with emotion regulation due to their hearing loss. They are suffering higher socio-emotional risk than the hearing person. But there are few studies explored the neural mechanisms of impaired emotion regulation in the deaf college students.MethodsThirty hearing college students and 27 deaf college students completed the emotion regulation task while recording ERP data and subjective emotion intensity.ResultsBehavioral results found that deaf college students had higher emotional experience intensity compared to healthy controls. The ERP results showed the deaf college students had lower LPP amplitudes both using reappraisal and suppression strategies. Moreover, the LPP of expression suppression was associated with the increase of depression scores among deaf college students.DiscussionDeaf college students may have impaired emotion regulation so that they are more accustomed to using expression suppression strategies to regulate their negative emotions which lead to high risk to be depression.
{"title":"The ineffective emotion regulation of deaf college students: an ERP study","authors":"Qi Dong, Le Sun, Xue Du","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1445397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1445397","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionDeaf students have more difficulties with emotion regulation due to their hearing loss. They are suffering higher socio-emotional risk than the hearing person. But there are few studies explored the neural mechanisms of impaired emotion regulation in the deaf college students.MethodsThirty hearing college students and 27 deaf college students completed the emotion regulation task while recording ERP data and subjective emotion intensity.ResultsBehavioral results found that deaf college students had higher emotional experience intensity compared to healthy controls. The ERP results showed the deaf college students had lower LPP amplitudes both using reappraisal and suppression strategies. Moreover, the LPP of expression suppression was associated with the increase of depression scores among deaf college students.DiscussionDeaf college students may have impaired emotion regulation so that they are more accustomed to using expression suppression strategies to regulate their negative emotions which lead to high risk to be depression.","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1462211
Richard Ambron
A recent report showed that experiencing pain requires not only activities in the brain, but also the generation of electric fields in a defined area of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). The present manuscript presents evidence that electromagnetic (EM) waves are also necessary. Action potentials (APs) encoding information about an injury stimulate thousands synapses on pyramidal neurons within the ACC resulting in the generation of synchronized oscillating (EM) waves and the activation of NMDA receptors. The latter induces a long-term potentiation (LTP) in the pyramidal dendrites that is necessary to experience both neuropathic and visceral pain. The LTP sensitizes transmission across the synapses that sustains the duration of the waves and the pain, EM waves containing information about the injury travel throughout the brain and studies using transcranial stimulation indicate that they can induce NMDA-mediated LTP in distant neuronal circuits. What is ultimately experienced as pain depends on the almost instantaneous integration of information from numerous neuronal centers, such as the amygdala, that are widely separated in the brain. These centers also generate EM waves and I propose that the EM waves from these centers interact to rapidly adjust the intensity of the pain to accommodate past and present circumstances. Where the waves are transformed into a consciousness of pain is unknown. One possibility is the mind which, according to contemporary theories, is where conscious experiences arise. The hypothesis can be tested directly by blocking the waves from the ACC. If correct, the waves would open new avenues of research into the relationship between the brain, consciousness, and the mind.
{"title":"Synaptic sensitization in the anterior cingulate cortex sustains the consciousness of pain via synchronized oscillating electromagnetic waves","authors":"Richard Ambron","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1462211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1462211","url":null,"abstract":"A recent report showed that experiencing pain requires not only activities in the brain, but also the generation of electric fields in a defined area of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). The present manuscript presents evidence that electromagnetic (EM) waves are also necessary. Action potentials (APs) encoding information about an injury stimulate thousands synapses on pyramidal neurons within the ACC resulting in the generation of synchronized oscillating (EM) waves and the activation of NMDA receptors. The latter induces a long-term potentiation (LTP) in the pyramidal dendrites that is necessary to experience both neuropathic and visceral pain. The LTP sensitizes transmission across the synapses that sustains the duration of the waves and the pain, EM waves containing information about the injury travel throughout the brain and studies using transcranial stimulation indicate that they can induce NMDA-mediated LTP in distant neuronal circuits. What is ultimately experienced as pain depends on the almost instantaneous integration of information from numerous neuronal centers, such as the amygdala, that are widely separated in the brain. These centers also generate EM waves and I propose that the EM waves from these centers interact to rapidly adjust the intensity of the pain to accommodate past and present circumstances. Where the waves are transformed into a consciousness of pain is unknown. One possibility is the mind which, according to contemporary theories, is where conscious experiences arise. The hypothesis can be tested directly by blocking the waves from the ACC. If correct, the waves would open new avenues of research into the relationship between the brain, consciousness, and the mind.","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142183821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-10eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1484962
Fernando Zanela da Silva Arêas, Walter Gomes Da Silva Filho, Guilherme Peixoto Tinoco Arêas, Hang Jin Jo
{"title":"Editorial: Neurorehabilitation in neurotrauma: treating traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries.","authors":"Fernando Zanela da Silva Arêas, Walter Gomes Da Silva Filho, Guilherme Peixoto Tinoco Arêas, Hang Jin Jo","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1484962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1484962","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11421167/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142344837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-10eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1487172
Riccardo Manca, Jhon Alexander Moreno, Alessandra Nicoletti, Neil J Henderson, Jason D Flatt
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1394374.].
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1394374.].
{"title":"Corrigendum: Neurocognitive health in LGBTQIA+ older adults: current state of research and recommendations.","authors":"Riccardo Manca, Jhon Alexander Moreno, Alessandra Nicoletti, Neil J Henderson, Jason D Flatt","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1487172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1487172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1394374.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11420473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142344836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1414679
Chenning Tian, Hongxia Li, Shuicheng Tian, Fangyuan Tian, Hailan Yang
BackgroundIn China’s coal mines, employees work in environments reaching depths of 650 m, with temperatures around 40°C and humidity levels as high as 90%, adversely affecting their health, safety capabilities, and cognitive functions, especially working memory. This study aims to explore different temperature and humidity conditions’ impact on neurocognitive mechanisms to enhance occupational health and safety.MethodsThis study, conducted between June and August 2023, with 100 coalmine workers from the Hongliulin Mining Group, utilized functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and short-term visual memory tasks to evaluate the effects of high temperatures and humidity on working memory by monitoring activity in the cerebral cortex. Behavioral data, and neurophysiological data were analyzed using Tukey’s HSD for significant differences and multiple regression to explore the impact of temperature and humidity. The β-values of Oxy-Hb for different regions of interest were calculated using General liner model (GLM), and the activation maps were plotted by NIRS_KIT.ResultsHigh temperature and humidity (Condition IV) significantly depressed reaction times and working memory compared to other conditions, with temperature having a more pronounced impact than humidity on these cognitive measures (p < 0.05). Oxy-Hb concentration increased notably under Condition IV, emphasizing temperature’s influence on brain oxygen levels. ROI analysis revealed varied brain activation patterns. The activation of ROI A and B (prefrontal cortex) increased with the increase of temperature and humidity, while ROI C (supplementary motor area) was less sensitive to temperature, indicating the complex influence of environmental factors on brain function.ConclusionThis study highlights the important effects of temperature and humidity on cognitive performance and brain function, highlighting the need to optimize the environment of miners’ sites to improve productivity and safety.
背景在中国的煤矿中，员工工作在650米深的环境中，温度在40°C左右，湿度高达90%，这对他们的健康、安全能力和认知功能，尤其是工作记忆产生了不利影响。本研究旨在探讨不同温度和湿度条件对神经认知机制的影响，以提高职业健康和安全。方法本研究于2023年6月至8月期间进行，以红柳林矿业集团的100名煤矿工人为对象，利用功能性近红外光谱（fNIRS）和短期视觉记忆任务，通过监测大脑皮层的活动来评估高温和高湿对工作记忆的影响。研究人员使用 Tukey's HSD 对行为数据和神经生理学数据进行了显著性差异分析，并使用多元回归法探讨了温度和湿度的影响。结果与其他条件相比，高温和高湿（条件 IV）显著降低了反应时间和工作记忆，温度比湿度对这些认知指标的影响更明显（p &;lt;0.05）。在条件 IV 下，氧-血红蛋白浓度明显增加，强调了温度对脑氧水平的影响。ROI 分析显示了不同的大脑激活模式。ROI A 和 B（前额叶皮层）的激活随着温度和湿度的增加而增加，而 ROI C（辅助运动区）对温度的敏感性较低，这表明环境因素对大脑功能的影响是复杂的。
{"title":"The neurocognitive mechanism linking temperature and humidity with miners’ working memory: an fNIRS study","authors":"Chenning Tian, Hongxia Li, Shuicheng Tian, Fangyuan Tian, Hailan Yang","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1414679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1414679","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundIn China’s coal mines, employees work in environments reaching depths of 650 m, with temperatures around 40°C and humidity levels as high as 90%, adversely affecting their health, safety capabilities, and cognitive functions, especially working memory. This study aims to explore different temperature and humidity conditions’ impact on neurocognitive mechanisms to enhance occupational health and safety.MethodsThis study, conducted between June and August 2023, with 100 coalmine workers from the Hongliulin Mining Group, utilized functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and short-term visual memory tasks to evaluate the effects of high temperatures and humidity on working memory by monitoring activity in the cerebral cortex. Behavioral data, and neurophysiological data were analyzed using Tukey’s HSD for significant differences and multiple regression to explore the impact of temperature and humidity. The β-values of Oxy-Hb for different regions of interest were calculated using General liner model (GLM), and the activation maps were plotted by NIRS_KIT.ResultsHigh temperature and humidity (Condition IV) significantly depressed reaction times and working memory compared to other conditions, with temperature having a more pronounced impact than humidity on these cognitive measures (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Oxy-Hb concentration increased notably under Condition IV, emphasizing temperature’s influence on brain oxygen levels. ROI analysis revealed varied brain activation patterns. The activation of ROI A and B (prefrontal cortex) increased with the increase of temperature and humidity, while ROI C (supplementary motor area) was less sensitive to temperature, indicating the complex influence of environmental factors on brain function.ConclusionThis study highlights the important effects of temperature and humidity on cognitive performance and brain function, highlighting the need to optimize the environment of miners’ sites to improve productivity and safety.","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142183815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1455776
Simone Di Plinio, Georg Northoff, Sjoerd Ebisch
IntroductionDegeneracy in the brain-behavior code refers to the brain’s ability to utilize different neural configurations to support similar functions, reflecting its adaptability and robustness. This study aims to explore degeneracy by investigating the non-linear associations between psychometric profiles and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC).MethodsThe study analyzed RSFC data from 500 subjects to uncover the underlying neural configurations associated with various psychometric outcomes. Self-organized maps (SOM), a type of unsupervised machine learning algorithm, were employed to cluster the RSFC data. And identify distinct archetypal connectivity profiles characterized by unique within- and between-network connectivity patterns.ResultsThe clustering analysis using SOM revealed several distinct archetypal connectivity profiles within the RSFC data. Each archetype exhibited unique connectivity patterns that correlated with various cognitive, physical, and socioemotional outcomes. Notably, the interaction between different SOM dimensions was significantly associated with specific psychometric profiles.DiscussionThis study underscores the complexity of brain-behavior interactions and the brain’s capacity for degeneracy, where different neural configurations can lead to similar behavioral outcomes. These findings highlight the existence of multiple brain architectures capable of producing similar behavioral outcomes, illustrating the concept of neural degeneracy, and advance our understanding of neural degeneracy and its implications for cognitive and emotional health.
简介：大脑行为代码中的退化是指大脑能够利用不同的神经配置来支持相似的功能，这反映了大脑的适应性和鲁棒性。本研究旨在通过研究心理测量特征与静息状态功能连通性（RSFC）之间的非线性关联来探索退化性。方法本研究分析了500名受试者的RSFC数据，以揭示与各种心理测量结果相关的潜在神经配置。自组织图（SOM）是一种无监督机器学习算法，它被用来对 RSFC 数据进行聚类。结果使用 SOM 进行的聚类分析在 RSFC 数据中发现了几种不同的原型连接特征。每个原型都表现出与各种认知、身体和社会情感结果相关的独特连接模式。值得注意的是，不同 SOM 维度之间的相互作用与特定的心理测量特征显著相关。这些发现强调了多种大脑结构能够产生相似的行为结果，说明了神经退化的概念，并推进了我们对神经退化及其对认知和情绪健康影响的理解。
{"title":"The degenerate coding of psychometric profiles through functional connectivity archetypes","authors":"Simone Di Plinio, Georg Northoff, Sjoerd Ebisch","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1455776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1455776","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionDegeneracy in the brain-behavior code refers to the brain’s ability to utilize different neural configurations to support similar functions, reflecting its adaptability and robustness. This study aims to explore degeneracy by investigating the non-linear associations between psychometric profiles and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC).MethodsThe study analyzed RSFC data from 500 subjects to uncover the underlying neural configurations associated with various psychometric outcomes. Self-organized maps (SOM), a type of unsupervised machine learning algorithm, were employed to cluster the RSFC data. And identify distinct archetypal connectivity profiles characterized by unique within- and between-network connectivity patterns.ResultsThe clustering analysis using SOM revealed several distinct archetypal connectivity profiles within the RSFC data. Each archetype exhibited unique connectivity patterns that correlated with various cognitive, physical, and socioemotional outcomes. Notably, the interaction between different SOM dimensions was significantly associated with specific psychometric profiles.DiscussionThis study underscores the complexity of brain-behavior interactions and the brain’s capacity for degeneracy, where different neural configurations can lead to similar behavioral outcomes. These findings highlight the existence of multiple brain architectures capable of producing similar behavioral outcomes, illustrating the concept of neural degeneracy, and advance our understanding of neural degeneracy and its implications for cognitive and emotional health.","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142183814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-09DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1363546
Lily Seah, Bruce H. Friedman
Emotion involves oneself in relation to a subject of attention; e.g., sadness is to be sad about something/someone. This study examined emotional responses to perceiving a loss of connection from oneself. Evidence suggests that Europeans tend to perceive salient objects in the foreground, while East Asians are more likely to perceive holistically, considering the interrelationships between the context and the object. We studied how this distinction affected European Americans’ (EA) and Chinese Americans’ (CA) sensitivity to perceiving the loss of connection. Both groups were exposed to loss by playing Cyberball, a ball-tossing video game, and then watched a film clip on grief. We hypothesized that EA would respond with increasing heart rate (HR) variance around the mean when perceiving loss. CA were predicted to show no difference from controls. We also hypothesized that EA would feel sadder, in terms of decreased HR and increased respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), earlier during the film clip. In total, 53 subjects were recruited, of which 40 were EA (47.5% women, age 21.08 ± 1.94 years) and 13 were CA (61.5% women, age 21.05 ± 1.74 years); 25 subjects (19 EA, 6 CA) received 2 out of 48 balls tossed in Cyberball and the controls received 10. ECG, respiration, and facial electromyography (fEMG) data were acquired. The results during Cyberball showed that EA’s HR variance relative to baseline (HR SDc/b) had an upward trend on perceiving loss. Contrary to prediction, CA also showed higher levels of HR variance relative to baseline. The ANOVA of HR SDc/b revealed that the interaction effect of two factors, time and condition, was statistically significant (p = 0.009). However, as predicted, EA in the experimental condition had decreased HR and increased RSA, a sign of withdrawal in sadness, 30 to 60 s into the sad clip. fEMG data at the corrugator muscle revealed that EA activated higher peak intensity 5.5 s earlier than CA (increased 1.571 vs. 0.844). This difference, however, was not statistically significant. The evidence suggests that increased exposure to loss automatically led to increased HR variance in both groups even when subjects were informed that players were computer-generated. However, the effect was stronger on EA to increase their arousal and sensitivity to grief thereafter.
{"title":"Psychophysiological distinctions in emotional responding: sensitivity to perceiving loss of connection","authors":"Lily Seah, Bruce H. Friedman","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1363546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1363546","url":null,"abstract":"Emotion involves oneself in relation to a subject of attention; e.g., sadness is to be sad about something/someone. This study examined emotional responses to perceiving a loss of connection from oneself. Evidence suggests that Europeans tend to perceive salient objects in the foreground, while East Asians are more likely to perceive holistically, considering the interrelationships between the context and the object. We studied how this distinction affected European Americans’ (EA) and Chinese Americans’ (CA) sensitivity to perceiving the loss of connection. Both groups were exposed to loss by playing Cyberball, a ball-tossing video game, and then watched a film clip on grief. We hypothesized that EA would respond with increasing heart rate (HR) variance around the mean when perceiving loss. CA were predicted to show no difference from controls. We also hypothesized that EA would feel sadder, in terms of decreased HR and increased respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), earlier during the film clip. In total, 53 subjects were recruited, of which 40 were EA (47.5% women, age 21.08 ± 1.94 years) and 13 were CA (61.5% women, age 21.05 ± 1.74 years); 25 subjects (19 EA, 6 CA) received 2 out of 48 balls tossed in Cyberball and the controls received 10. ECG, respiration, and facial electromyography (fEMG) data were acquired. The results during Cyberball showed that EA’s HR variance relative to baseline (HR SD<jats:sub>c/b</jats:sub>) had an upward trend on perceiving loss. Contrary to prediction, CA also showed higher levels of HR variance relative to baseline. The ANOVA of HR SD<jats:sub>c/b</jats:sub> revealed that the interaction effect of two factors, time and condition, was statistically significant (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.009). However, as predicted, EA in the experimental condition had decreased HR and increased RSA, a sign of withdrawal in sadness, 30 to 60 s into the sad clip. fEMG data at the corrugator muscle revealed that EA activated higher peak intensity 5.5 s earlier than CA (increased 1.571 vs. 0.844). This difference, however, was not statistically significant. The evidence suggests that increased exposure to loss automatically led to increased HR variance in both groups even when subjects were informed that players were computer-generated. However, the effect was stronger on EA to increase their arousal and sensitivity to grief thereafter.","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142183816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IntroductionIn individuals with patellofemoral pain (PFP), addressing increased knee valgus during weight-bearing activities typically involves strengthening weak hip muscles. However, recent literature highlights the role of altered descending central control in abnormal movements associated with PFP. While transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has demonstrated the capacity to enhance neuroplasticity, its application targeting the corticomotor function of gluteal muscles in PFP remains unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the effects of combining bimodal tDCS with exercise on frontal plane kinematics in individuals with PFP. The hypothesis was that bimodal tDCS, specifically targeting the corticomotor function of the gluteal muscles, would augment the effectiveness of exercise interventions in improving frontal plane kinematics compared to sham stimulation.MethodsTen participants with PFP participated in two sessions involving either bimodal tDCS or sham stimulation, concurrently with hip strengthening exercises. Weight-bearing tasks, including single leg squat, single leg landing, single leg hopping, forward step-down, and lateral step-down, were performed and recorded before and after each session. Pain visual analog scale (VAS) scores were also documented. A one-way ANOVA with repeated measures was employed to compare kinematics, while a Friedman test was used to compare VAS across the three conditions (pre-test, post-tDCS, and post-Sham).ResultsWe observed no significant differences in trunk lean angle, hip and knee frontal plane projection angles, or dynamic valgus index among the three conditions during the five weight-bearing tasks. VAS scores did not differ across the three conditions.Discussion and conclusionA single session of tDCS did not demonstrate immediate efficacy in enhancing frontal plane kinematics or relieving pain in individuals with PFP. Considering observed positive outcomes in other neurological and orthopedic populations with multi-session tDCS applications, suggesting potential cumulative effects, further research is essential to explore the effects of multi-session tDCS on weight-bearing movement and underlying neurophysiology in individuals with PFP.
{"title":"Exploring the use of bimodal transcranial direct current stimulation to enhance movement in individuals with patellofemoral pain—A sham-controlled double blinded pilot study","authors":"Kai-Yu Ho, Connan Wallace, Jeno Aquino, Bryce Broadwell, Makenzie Whimple, Jing Nong Liang","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1427091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1427091","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionIn individuals with patellofemoral pain (PFP), addressing increased knee valgus during weight-bearing activities typically involves strengthening weak hip muscles. However, recent literature highlights the role of altered descending central control in abnormal movements associated with PFP. While transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has demonstrated the capacity to enhance neuroplasticity, its application targeting the corticomotor function of gluteal muscles in PFP remains unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the effects of combining bimodal tDCS with exercise on frontal plane kinematics in individuals with PFP. The hypothesis was that bimodal tDCS, specifically targeting the corticomotor function of the gluteal muscles, would augment the effectiveness of exercise interventions in improving frontal plane kinematics compared to sham stimulation.MethodsTen participants with PFP participated in two sessions involving either bimodal tDCS or sham stimulation, concurrently with hip strengthening exercises. Weight-bearing tasks, including single leg squat, single leg landing, single leg hopping, forward step-down, and lateral step-down, were performed and recorded before and after each session. Pain visual analog scale (VAS) scores were also documented. A one-way ANOVA with repeated measures was employed to compare kinematics, while a Friedman test was used to compare VAS across the three conditions (pre-test, post-tDCS, and post-Sham).ResultsWe observed no significant differences in trunk lean angle, hip and knee frontal plane projection angles, or dynamic valgus index among the three conditions during the five weight-bearing tasks. VAS scores did not differ across the three conditions.Discussion and conclusionA single session of tDCS did not demonstrate immediate efficacy in enhancing frontal plane kinematics or relieving pain in individuals with PFP. Considering observed positive outcomes in other neurological and orthopedic populations with multi-session tDCS applications, suggesting potential cumulative effects, further research is essential to explore the effects of multi-session tDCS on weight-bearing movement and underlying neurophysiology in individuals with PFP.","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142183817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-05DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1367952
Genevieve K. R. Williams, Domenico Vicinanza, Michael Attias, Stéphane Armand
AimTo investigate the dynamics of the motor control system during walking by examining the complexity, stability, and causal relationships of leg motions. Specifically, the study focuses on gait under both bilateral and unilateral constraints induced by a passive exoskeleton designed to replicate gastrocnemius contractures.MethodsKinematic data was collected as 10 healthy participants walked at a self-selected speed. A new Complexity-Instability Index (CII) of the leg motions was defined as a function of the Correlation Dimension and the Largest Lyapunov Exponent. Causal interactions between the leg motions are explored using Convergent Cross Mapping.ResultsNormal walking is characterized by a high mutual drive of each leg to the other, where CII is lowest for both legs (complexity of each leg motion is low and stability high). The effect of the bilateral emulated contractures is a reduced drive of each leg to the other and an increased CII for both legs. With unilateral emulated contracture, the mechanically constrained leg strongly drives the unconstrained leg, and CII was significantly higher for the constrained leg compared to normal walking.ConclusionRedundancy in limb motions is used to support causal interactions, reducing complexity and increasing stability in our leg dynamics during walking. The role of redundancy is to allow adaptability above being able to satisfy the overall biomechanical problem; and to allow the system to interact optimally. From an applied perspective, important characteristics of functional movement patterns might be captured by these nonlinear and causal variables, as well as the biomechanical aspects typically studied.
{"title":"Causal interactions and dynamic stability between limbs while walking with imposed leg constraints","authors":"Genevieve K. R. Williams, Domenico Vicinanza, Michael Attias, Stéphane Armand","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1367952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1367952","url":null,"abstract":"AimTo investigate the dynamics of the motor control system during walking by examining the complexity, stability, and causal relationships of leg motions. Specifically, the study focuses on gait under both bilateral and unilateral constraints induced by a passive exoskeleton designed to replicate gastrocnemius contractures.MethodsKinematic data was collected as 10 healthy participants walked at a self-selected speed. A new Complexity-Instability Index (CII) of the leg motions was defined as a function of the Correlation Dimension and the Largest Lyapunov Exponent. Causal interactions between the leg motions are explored using Convergent Cross Mapping.ResultsNormal walking is characterized by a high mutual drive of each leg to the other, where CII is lowest for both legs (complexity of each leg motion is low and stability high). The effect of the bilateral emulated contractures is a reduced drive of each leg to the other and an increased CII for both legs. With unilateral emulated contracture, the mechanically constrained leg strongly drives the unconstrained leg, and CII was significantly higher for the constrained leg compared to normal walking.ConclusionRedundancy in limb motions is used to support causal interactions, reducing complexity and increasing stability in our leg dynamics during walking. The role of redundancy is to allow adaptability above being able to satisfy the overall biomechanical problem; and to allow the system to interact optimally. From an applied perspective, important characteristics of functional movement patterns might be captured by these nonlinear and causal variables, as well as the biomechanical aspects typically studied.","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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