R. Kalia, Charanjit Kaur, Amanpreet Kaur, G. Charan
Amid the Ukrainian War, the heroes of the intensive care unit (ICU) - doctors, nurses, respiratory therapists, and many others - valiantly confront unprecedented challenges, showcasing resilience and dedication in the face of adversity. Despite limited resources and electricity backup issues, these health professionals worked tirelessly to provide life-saving care to critically ill patients, including those with gunshot wounds, shrapnel injuries, burns, and traumatic brain injuries. The article highlights the need to denounce attacks on medical personnel during conflicts, and strategies for supporting ICU health professionals in war zones are suggested, including hazard pay, comprehensive insurance coverage, safety training and equipment, support networks and mental health services, and ongoing education and professional development. The heroic efforts of ICU health professionals during times of war highlight the crucial role they play in healthcare systems worldwide.
{"title":"Saving Lives Under Fire: The Extraordinary Efforts of ICU Health Professionals in the Ukrainian War","authors":"R. Kalia, Charanjit Kaur, Amanpreet Kaur, G. Charan","doi":"10.21802/gmj.2023.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21802/gmj.2023.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Amid the Ukrainian War, the heroes of the intensive care unit (ICU) - doctors, nurses, respiratory therapists, and many others - valiantly confront unprecedented challenges, showcasing resilience and dedication in the face of adversity. Despite limited resources and electricity backup issues, these health professionals worked tirelessly to provide life-saving care to critically ill patients, including those with gunshot wounds, shrapnel injuries, burns, and traumatic brain injuries. The article highlights the need to denounce attacks on medical personnel during conflicts, and strategies for supporting ICU health professionals in war zones are suggested, including hazard pay, comprehensive insurance coverage, safety training and equipment, support networks and mental health services, and ongoing education and professional development. The heroic efforts of ICU health professionals during times of war highlight the crucial role they play in healthcare systems worldwide.","PeriodicalId":12537,"journal":{"name":"Galician Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44310811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction.Graves’ disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. The mortality rate increases by 20% in hyperthyroid patients; cardiac problems are the leading cause of death and arrhythmia is the most common cardiac complication. Our study aimed to evaluate the corrected QT interval (QTc), the Tpeak-Tend interval (Tp-e), and the Tp-e/QTc ratio to predict arrhythmia risk in patients with Graves’ disease. Methods. The study included 64 patients with Graves’ disease and 57 euthyroid controls. The 12-lead electrocardiograms of the individuals under study were evaluated. The QTc interval, the Tp-e interval, and the Tp-e/QTc ratio of all participants were determined and statistically evaluated with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3) and free thyroxine (fT4) values. Results. Tp-e (p < 0.001) and QTc (p < 0.05) were significantly prolonged in the group of patients with Graves’ disease as compared to the control group. Heart rate was higher in patients with Graves’ disease as well (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis in patients with hyperthyroidism demonstrated that Tp-e (r=0.372, p=0.002), QTc (r=0.291, p=0.020), and fT3 levels were significantly and positively correlated. Similarly, Tp-e (r=0.271, p=0.030), QTc (r=0.259, p=0.039), and fT4 levels were significantly and positively correlated. Conclusions. We observed a significant prolongation of the Tp-e and QTc intervals with the increase in fT3 and fT4 levels. On the other hand, our study demonstrated that the sensitivity and specificity of Tp-e in the prediction of hyperthyroidism were 70.3% and 70.1%, respectively (AUC=0.724 (CI: 0.629-0.818)), the optimal cut-off value=83.5 ms). The Tp-e interval, which has recently been used as one of the arrhythmogenicity indices, may be an indicator of arrhythmia risk in patients with Graves’ disease.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Tpeak-Tend Interval as an Arrhythmogenicity Index in Graves' Disease","authors":"C. O. Kıraç, Vehbi Sirikci, H. A. Fındıklı","doi":"10.21802/gmj.2023.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21802/gmj.2023.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction.Graves’ disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. The mortality rate increases by 20% in hyperthyroid patients; cardiac problems are the leading cause of death and arrhythmia is the most common cardiac complication. \u0000Our study aimed to evaluate the corrected QT interval (QTc), the Tpeak-Tend interval (Tp-e), and the Tp-e/QTc ratio to predict arrhythmia risk in patients with Graves’ disease. \u0000Methods. The study included 64 patients with Graves’ disease and 57 euthyroid controls. The 12-lead electrocardiograms of the individuals under study were evaluated. The QTc interval, the Tp-e interval, and the Tp-e/QTc ratio of all participants were determined and statistically evaluated with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3) and free thyroxine (fT4) values. \u0000Results. Tp-e (p < 0.001) and QTc (p < 0.05) were significantly prolonged in the group of patients with Graves’ disease as compared to the control group. Heart rate was higher in patients with Graves’ disease as well (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis in patients with hyperthyroidism demonstrated that Tp-e (r=0.372, p=0.002), QTc (r=0.291, p=0.020), and fT3 levels were significantly and positively correlated. Similarly, Tp-e (r=0.271, p=0.030), QTc (r=0.259, p=0.039), and fT4 levels were significantly and positively correlated. \u0000Conclusions. We observed a significant prolongation of the Tp-e and QTc intervals with the increase in fT3 and fT4 levels. On the other hand, our study demonstrated that the sensitivity and specificity of Tp-e in the prediction of hyperthyroidism were 70.3% and 70.1%, respectively (AUC=0.724 (CI: 0.629-0.818)), the optimal cut-off value=83.5 ms). The Tp-e interval, which has recently been used as one of the arrhythmogenicity indices, may be an indicator of arrhythmia risk in patients with Graves’ disease.","PeriodicalId":12537,"journal":{"name":"Galician Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43009527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas Varkey, Cheney E. Merhavy, Jack B. Ding, K. Yost, Charles Hyman, Daphne Hancock, Caitlyn Garmer, Raaj Pyada, Anne M. Nguyen, Arjun Srivastava, Zachary I. Merhavy
Among young, otherwise healthy adults with unprovoked deep vein thrombosis (DVT), uncommon causes like variation in the normal sequential development of the inferior vena cava (IVC), must be explored. Anomalous IVC conditions are estimated to occur in up to 9% of the general population, with the rarest anomaly being IVC agenesis at 0.0005% - 1% general population prevalence. DVTs are more likely to develop in this population due to venous stasis from decreased venous return, even with the formation of extensive collateral veins. Herein, the authorial team presents a 22-year-old patient with leg pain and swelling who was found to have acute DVT, and, incidentally, the absence of the suprarenal IVC with a robust collateral system on further imaging studies. The morbidity of DVTs in this population is very high, and attention should be given to young patients who present with new-onset DVT in the setting of normal coagulation studies and lack of personal or family history of clotting disorders, as the need for specialized imaging such as venograms is necessary to secure the proper diagnosis.
{"title":"“What IVC?”: Deep Vein Thrombosis in the Context of IVC Dysgenesis","authors":"Thomas Varkey, Cheney E. Merhavy, Jack B. Ding, K. Yost, Charles Hyman, Daphne Hancock, Caitlyn Garmer, Raaj Pyada, Anne M. Nguyen, Arjun Srivastava, Zachary I. Merhavy","doi":"10.21802/gmj.2023.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21802/gmj.2023.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"Among young, otherwise healthy adults with unprovoked deep vein thrombosis (DVT), uncommon causes like variation in the normal sequential development of the inferior vena cava (IVC), must be explored. Anomalous IVC conditions are estimated to occur in up to 9% of the general population, with the rarest anomaly being IVC agenesis at 0.0005% - 1% general population prevalence. DVTs are more likely to develop in this population due to venous stasis from decreased venous return, even with the formation of extensive collateral veins. Herein, the authorial team presents a 22-year-old patient with leg pain and swelling who was found to have acute DVT, and, incidentally, the absence of the suprarenal IVC with a robust collateral system on further imaging studies. The morbidity of DVTs in this population is very high, and attention should be given to young patients who present with new-onset DVT in the setting of normal coagulation studies and lack of personal or family history of clotting disorders, as the need for specialized imaging such as venograms is necessary to secure the proper diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":12537,"journal":{"name":"Galician Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43979520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anatomy is one of the basic subjects of medical science. Medical students gain detailed knowledge of human body by dissecting cadavers. Hence, cadaveric dissection has become an essential tool in teaching and learning anatomy. In anatomy, visualization plays an important role in understanding the spatial orientation of structures. Due to technological advancement and a shortage of cadavers, there is a need to look for various complementary tools which can provide an adequate visualization of bodily structures. This issue was very well understood and reflected during the recent pandemic when cadaveric dissection was substituted by experimenting with various teaching tools. In this paper, we have tried to briefly describe the various options that can complement/supplement dissection and assist in self-directed learning.
{"title":"Visualization in Anatomical Sciences for Effective Teaching and Learning","authors":"N. Pushpa, K. Ravi","doi":"10.21802/gmj.2023.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21802/gmj.2023.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Anatomy is one of the basic subjects of medical science. Medical students gain detailed knowledge of human body by dissecting cadavers. Hence, cadaveric dissection has become an essential tool in teaching and learning anatomy. In anatomy, visualization plays an important role in understanding the spatial orientation of structures. Due to technological advancement and a shortage of cadavers, there is a need to look for various complementary tools which can provide an adequate visualization of bodily structures. This issue was very well understood and reflected during the recent pandemic when cadaveric dissection was substituted by experimenting with various teaching tools. In this paper, we have tried to briefly describe the various options that can complement/supplement dissection and assist in self-directed learning.","PeriodicalId":12537,"journal":{"name":"Galician Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46044315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shazia Iqbal, Shahzad Ahmad, M. Samsudin, Saood Khan Lodhi, Salima Naveed Manji
Background. In the current era, Twitter is an increasingly popular tool for the dissemination of information as a social media voice. Social media is a valid, but underutilized, education tool at medical education institutions. Social media technologies provide opportunities for the presentation of information in alternative and multiple formats to enhance engagement, content creation, and motivation for individual and collaborative learning. Objective. This study examined the type of social structure and sub-clusters do exist regarding “MedEd” on the Twitter network. Additionally, it determined the top opinion leaders in these networks and which type of topics generates users’ interest regarding “MedEd”. Methods. This study applied NodeXL to analyze the results and retrieved Twitter data on November 1, 2022 by using the keywords “MedEd”. The data were saved and interpreted in the “vertices” and “edges” on the NodeXL worksheets. Results. We found that the top opinion leader (vertex) “Cryptovitas” had the highest in- betweenness and out-degree centrality. “Innov_medicine” had the in-degree centrality for networks. “In-Degree” and “Out-Degree” are the count of Tweets an opinion leader gets and forwards messages out, correspondingly. The study found that although “Cryptovitas” had the highest in-betweenness centrality, “taylorswift13” had the maximum number of followers (91,523,045) with in-betweenness centrality of 0.0. This indicates that the vertex having maximum influence with the largest number of in-betweenness centrality has not linked with several followers. Conclusions. Using Twitter embodies a potential prospect to engage the medical education community. The content of top networks’ tweets was around the number of “MedEd” innovations with the potential to significantly improve medical education delivery and innovative technologies in healthcare services. There is no link between the number of followers and in-betweenness centrality to influence the strength of social media voice. Although clinical and social tweets were there, not much was discussed regarding the curriculum reforms, continued professional development, technical issues in MedEd, and assessments. This triggers the insistence for rapid and innovative adaptations to the new learning environments and remarkable revolutions in medical education, including the encouragement of evidence-based education. The Twitter discussions promoted a research network circulating a wide range of informative innovations and collaborations.
{"title":"“MedEd” on Twitter: A Social Network Analysis","authors":"Shazia Iqbal, Shahzad Ahmad, M. Samsudin, Saood Khan Lodhi, Salima Naveed Manji","doi":"10.21802/gmj.2023.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21802/gmj.2023.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Background. In the current era, Twitter is an increasingly popular tool for the dissemination of information as a social media voice. Social media is a valid, but underutilized, education tool at medical education institutions. Social media technologies provide opportunities for the presentation of information in alternative and multiple formats to enhance engagement, content creation, and motivation for individual and collaborative learning. \u0000Objective. This study examined the type of social structure and sub-clusters do exist regarding “MedEd” on the Twitter network. Additionally, it determined the top opinion leaders in these networks and which type of topics generates users’ interest regarding “MedEd”. \u0000Methods. This study applied NodeXL to analyze the results and retrieved Twitter data on November 1, 2022 by using the keywords “MedEd”. The data were saved and interpreted in the “vertices” and “edges” on the NodeXL worksheets. \u0000Results. We found that the top opinion leader (vertex) “Cryptovitas” had the highest in- betweenness and out-degree centrality. “Innov_medicine” had the in-degree centrality for networks. “In-Degree” and “Out-Degree” are the count of Tweets an opinion leader gets and forwards messages out, correspondingly. The study found that although “Cryptovitas” had the highest in-betweenness centrality, “taylorswift13” had the maximum number of followers (91,523,045) with in-betweenness centrality of 0.0. This indicates that the vertex having maximum influence with the largest number of in-betweenness centrality has not linked with several followers. \u0000Conclusions. Using Twitter embodies a potential prospect to engage the medical education community. The content of top networks’ tweets was around the number of “MedEd” innovations with the potential to significantly improve medical education delivery and innovative technologies in healthcare services. There is no link between the number of followers and in-betweenness centrality to influence the strength of social media voice. Although clinical and social tweets were there, not much was discussed regarding the curriculum reforms, continued professional development, technical issues in MedEd, and assessments. This triggers the insistence for rapid and innovative adaptations to the new learning environments and remarkable revolutions in medical education, including the encouragement of evidence-based education. The Twitter discussions promoted a research network circulating a wide range of informative innovations and collaborations.","PeriodicalId":12537,"journal":{"name":"Galician Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44961205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Ambarkova, L. Gavić, K. Ivanovski, S. Apostolska, Tomo Karakamcev, Elma Demiri, J. Ambarkov
Introduction. Signs of child abuse and neglect are often found in the orofacial region and, therefore, it is very important for dental students, as future dentists, to recognize and report them. The aim of the study was to investigate the knowledge and attitudes towards child abuse and neglect among dental students. Material and Methods. The study was performed at the Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saints Cyril and Methodius University, among all dental students of the six-year undergraduate dental programme. The data were collected between January and February 2022 using a Google Form and shared via available social media platforms. The definition of physical indicators of abuse, awareness regarding legal and ethical issues, students’ experience of child abuse recognition were evaluated by a questionnaire. Results. The questionnaire completion rate was 70%. As many as 20.86% of dental students very rarely received training on recognizing and reporting child abuse and neglect; 79.75% of dental students had never received any information about child abuse during their university education; about 91.41% of students wanted to receive more knowledge about child abuse and neglect. No differences were observed in terms of gender and year of study. Conclusions. Dental students in North Macedonia are not sufficiently prepared for their role in diagnosing suspected cases of child abuse. An educational program about diagnosing, reporting, and preventing child abuse and neglect should be involved in the curriculum of undergraduate students from North Macedonia.
{"title":"Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Child Abuse and Neglect Among Dental Students from North Macedonia","authors":"V. Ambarkova, L. Gavić, K. Ivanovski, S. Apostolska, Tomo Karakamcev, Elma Demiri, J. Ambarkov","doi":"10.21802/gmj.2023.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21802/gmj.2023.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Signs of child abuse and neglect are often found in the orofacial region and, therefore, it is very important for dental students, as future dentists, to recognize and report them. \u0000The aim of the study was to investigate the knowledge and attitudes towards child abuse and neglect among dental students. \u0000Material and Methods. The study was performed at the Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saints Cyril and Methodius University, among all dental students of the six-year undergraduate dental programme. The data were collected between January and February 2022 using a Google Form and shared via available social media platforms. The definition of physical indicators of abuse, awareness regarding legal and ethical issues, students’ experience of child abuse recognition were evaluated by a questionnaire. \u0000Results. The questionnaire completion rate was 70%. As many as 20.86% of dental students very rarely received training on recognizing and reporting child abuse and neglect; 79.75% of dental students had never received any information about child abuse during their university education; about 91.41% of students wanted to receive more knowledge about child abuse and neglect. No differences were observed in terms of gender and year of study. \u0000Conclusions. Dental students in North Macedonia are not sufficiently prepared for their role in diagnosing suspected cases of child abuse. An educational program about diagnosing, reporting, and preventing child abuse and neglect should be involved in the curriculum of undergraduate students from North Macedonia.","PeriodicalId":12537,"journal":{"name":"Galician Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47947143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background. Cardiovascular risk assessment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is often a real challenge and requires the search for new indicators to reveal the potential threat of developing atherosclerotic vascular lesions in the early stages. The study aimed to analyse the association between von Willebrand factor (vWF), disease activity, and intima-media thickness (IMT) score in RA patients. Materials and Methods. The study involved 60 RA patients divided into three groups based on the Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS-28) activity index and 20 individuals as healthy controls. Clinical and laboratory assessments included determining the number of swollen (SJ) and painful joints (PJ), the visual analogue scale (VAS) score, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and fibrinogen. The concentration of vWF in blood plasma was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The IMT was measured at the bifurcation of the external and internal carotid arteries. Asymptomatic vascular damage was identified as the IMT > 0.9 mm; an atherosclerotic plaque was verified when a focal structure encroached ≥ 0.5 mm or 50% of the adjacent IMT value into the carotid lumen or the IMT > 1.5 mm. Results. Most RA patients (39/60; 65.0%) showed an increase in the IMT (> 0.9 mm); atherosclerotic plaques (IMT > 1.5 mm) were confirmed in 16 (26.7%) individuals, which was significantly more as compared to the control group. VWF was positively associated with the IMT [OR 1.1 (1.06-1.2), p < 0.001]. In addition, elevated levels of vWF were associated with disease activity. The highest values of vWF were found in patients with moderate RA activity (43.3 [21.2-56.9]). There was a positive correlation between vWF and ESR, CRP, DAS-28 (0.564, 0.455, and 0.573, respectively). Conclusions. There was a positive correlation between vWF, inflammatory markers, and disease activity. VWF appeared to be a reliable predictor of the IMT score in RA patients.
{"title":"Von Willebrand Factor and Intima-Media Thickness in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Khristina Fedorovych, R. Yatsyshyn","doi":"10.21802/gmj.2023.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21802/gmj.2023.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Cardiovascular risk assessment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is often a real challenge and requires the search for new indicators to reveal the potential threat of developing atherosclerotic vascular lesions in the early stages. \u0000The study aimed to analyse the association between von Willebrand factor (vWF), disease activity, and intima-media thickness (IMT) score in RA patients. \u0000Materials and Methods. The study involved 60 RA patients divided into three groups based on the Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS-28) activity index and 20 individuals as healthy controls. Clinical and laboratory assessments included determining the number of swollen (SJ) and painful joints (PJ), the visual analogue scale (VAS) score, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and fibrinogen. The concentration of vWF in blood plasma was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The IMT was measured at the bifurcation of the external and internal carotid arteries. Asymptomatic vascular damage was identified as the IMT > 0.9 mm; an atherosclerotic plaque was verified when a focal structure encroached ≥ 0.5 mm or 50% of the adjacent IMT value into the carotid lumen or the IMT > 1.5 mm. \u0000Results. Most RA patients (39/60; 65.0%) showed an increase in the IMT (> 0.9 mm); atherosclerotic plaques (IMT > 1.5 mm) were confirmed in 16 (26.7%) individuals, which was significantly more as compared to the control group. VWF was positively associated with the IMT [OR 1.1 (1.06-1.2), p < 0.001]. In addition, elevated levels of vWF were associated with disease activity. The highest values of vWF were found in patients with moderate RA activity (43.3 [21.2-56.9]). There was a positive correlation between vWF and ESR, CRP, DAS-28 (0.564, 0.455, and 0.573, respectively). \u0000Conclusions. There was a positive correlation between vWF, inflammatory markers, and disease activity. VWF appeared to be a reliable predictor of the IMT score in RA patients.","PeriodicalId":12537,"journal":{"name":"Galician Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47239705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction. In recent decades, under the influence of various factors, there has been a serious increase in psycho-emotional tension and stress. Furthermore, considering unprecedented times of global pandemic threat, stress levels can rise significantly. Dental profession is physically and mentally stressful as dentists encounter a number of occupational hazards of a biological, chemical, physical, and psycho-emotional nature. Objective. The current review paper aimed to answer the question: what are the most important stressors and burnout determinants in daily dental practice? Materials and Methods. The Web of Science Core Collection database was searched for according to the PRISMA guidelines in September 2022. Empirical studies - observational, experimental, cross-sectional, and longitudinal studies published in English were considered for inclusion. Results. The initial search yielded 355 articles. Eighteen studies met inclusion criteria and were considered for the final analysis. Two articles reported identical data; therefore, they were not included in the current report. Finally, this review presented 16 reports with a total of 8, 824 subjects. Conclusions. Both long-term and short-term stress can cause negative effects on practitioner’s physical, mental, and emotional functioning. As healthcare providers, dentists should be aware of these risk factors, as well as they need to be sufficiently motivated to know the risks and inconveniences of their profession, learning effective strategies how to deal with adverse conditions, factors, and relationships. Providing information on this issue will contribute to increasing dentists’ awareness and improving their personal and professional performance.
介绍。近几十年来，在各种因素的影响下，心理情绪紧张和压力严重增加。此外，考虑到前所未有的全球大流行威胁时期，压力水平可能会大幅上升。牙科职业在身体和精神上都有压力，因为牙医会遇到许多生物、化学、物理和心理-情感性质的职业危害。目标。当前的综述论文旨在回答这个问题:在日常牙科实践中，什么是最重要的压力源和倦怠决定因素?材料与方法。Web of Science Core Collection数据库是根据PRISMA指南于2022年9月检索的。实证研究——以英文发表的观察性、实验性、横断面和纵向研究被纳入考虑。结果。最初的搜索产生了355篇文章。18项研究符合纳入标准，并被纳入最终分析。两篇文章报告了相同的数据;因此，它们没有列入本报告。最后，本综述提交了16份报告，共8,824名受试者。结论。长期和短期的压力都会对从业者的身体、精神和情感功能产生负面影响。作为医疗保健提供者，牙医应该意识到这些风险因素，并且他们需要有足够的动力去了解他们职业的风险和不便，学习如何处理不利条件、因素和关系的有效策略。提供有关这个问题的资料，将有助于提高牙医的意识，并改善他们的个人和专业表现。
{"title":"Self-Perceived Sources of Stress and Burnout Determinants in Dentistry - A Systematic Review","authors":"N. Avramova","doi":"10.21802/gmj.2023.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21802/gmj.2023.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In recent decades, under the influence of various factors, there has been a serious increase in psycho-emotional tension and stress. Furthermore, considering unprecedented times of global pandemic threat, stress levels can rise significantly. Dental profession is physically and mentally stressful as dentists encounter a number of occupational hazards of a biological, chemical, physical, and psycho-emotional nature. \u0000Objective. The current review paper aimed to answer the question: what are the most important stressors and burnout determinants in daily dental practice? \u0000Materials and Methods. The Web of Science Core Collection database was searched for according to the PRISMA guidelines in September 2022. Empirical studies - observational, experimental, cross-sectional, and longitudinal studies published in English were considered for inclusion. \u0000Results. The initial search yielded 355 articles. Eighteen studies met inclusion criteria and were considered for the final analysis. Two articles reported identical data; therefore, they were not included in the current report. Finally, this review presented 16 reports with a total of 8, 824 subjects. \u0000Conclusions. Both long-term and short-term stress can cause negative effects on practitioner’s physical, mental, and emotional functioning. As healthcare providers, dentists should be aware of these risk factors, as well as they need to be sufficiently motivated to know the risks and inconveniences of their profession, learning effective strategies how to deal with adverse conditions, factors, and relationships. Providing information on this issue will contribute to increasing dentists’ awareness and improving their personal and professional performance.","PeriodicalId":12537,"journal":{"name":"Galician Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47533144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nisin is a typical representative of class I bacteriocins belonging to subtype A1 lantibiotics. This lantibiotic is produced by gram-positive bacteria of the genera Lactococcus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Blautia. Currently, at least twelve natural variants of nisin are known. They differ in some physicochemical properties and biological activity. Nisin is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) and has been used as a food additive for seven decades. The current review presents the data from scientific reports over the past decade supporting the value of this lantibiotic as a therapeutic agent. Most research works demonstrate a high inhibitory potential of nisin against antibiotic-resistant bacteria when using alone and in combination with antibiotics. A number of studies prove the ability of nisin to modulate the composition of oral and intestinal microbiomes, to inhibit the growth of both bacteria causing infectious processes and bacterial pathogens associated with cancer. Nisin has been shown to have its own antitumor potential and to be able to enhance the therapeutic effect of chemotherapeutic drugs. There is convincing evidence of its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity. The reasons limiting its widespread application in clinical practice can be successfully eliminated via modern bioengineering technologies that improve the functional characteristics and stability of nisin in various physiological conditions.
{"title":"Nisin: Prerequisites and Prospects for Application in the Medical Field","authors":"O. Knysh, A. Martynov","doi":"10.21802/gmj.2023.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21802/gmj.2023.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Nisin is a typical representative of class I bacteriocins belonging to subtype A1 lantibiotics. This lantibiotic is produced by gram-positive bacteria of the genera Lactococcus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Blautia. Currently, at least twelve natural variants of nisin are known. They differ in some physicochemical properties and biological activity. Nisin is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) and has been used as a food additive for seven decades. The current review presents the data from scientific reports over the past decade supporting the value of this lantibiotic as a therapeutic agent. Most research works demonstrate a high inhibitory potential of nisin against antibiotic-resistant bacteria when using alone and in combination with antibiotics. A number of studies prove the ability of nisin to modulate the composition of oral and intestinal microbiomes, to inhibit the growth of both bacteria causing infectious processes and bacterial pathogens associated with cancer. Nisin has been shown to have its own antitumor potential and to be able to enhance the therapeutic effect of chemotherapeutic drugs. There is convincing evidence of its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity. The reasons limiting its widespread application in clinical practice can be successfully eliminated via modern bioengineering technologies that improve the functional characteristics and stability of nisin in various physiological conditions.","PeriodicalId":12537,"journal":{"name":"Galician Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46730442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Mosa, Shahrozat Ibrahim, I. Naqid, Dawan J. Hawezy, S. Al-jaf, N. Hussein
Background. After COVID-19 emergence, medical education witnessed a shift from face-to-face education to digital education, which inevitably affected medical students. Globally, due to the closure of schools and universities, medical education was shifted to electronic learning (E-learning). This paper aimed to assess the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical education and determine medical students’ knowledge, attitude, and practices towards E-learning in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Materials and Methods. An online cross-sectional study was conducted among 500 undergraduate students of seven medical colleges in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq, in November 2021, to assess their state during the COVID-19 pandemic and how this affected their education. Results. There were 50.6% of males and 49.4% of females. The mean age was 20.6 (± 1.5 SD) years. Approximately 17% of participants mentioned having financial issues, while 19.2% of students experienced health-related problems. As many as 67% of participants reported that the Internet quality was good or very good, whereas 46.8% of students disagreed that E-learning was a possible substitute for traditional learning. About two-thirds of participants agreed or were neutral that downloadable content was better than live content; however, only 19.2% of students agreed that E-learning could be used in the clinical aspect. A total of 52.2% of participants disagreed that E-testing could replace traditional learning methods. Surprisingly, 86.4% of students stated that they regularly used the Internet in their study. Conclusions. E-learning was the main adjustment made in the educational system, including medical education. The study concluded with insights into how different circumstances could have different consequences on the efficacy of medical education. E-learning showed effective results in continuing learning until the educational system switched to a blended system. Training programs for medical education personnel are vital in effective E-learning opportunities.
{"title":"The Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Medical Students: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices towards E-Learning: An Online Cross-Sectional Study in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq","authors":"A. Mosa, Shahrozat Ibrahim, I. Naqid, Dawan J. Hawezy, S. Al-jaf, N. Hussein","doi":"10.21802/gmj.2023.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21802/gmj.2023.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background. After COVID-19 emergence, medical education witnessed a shift from face-to-face education to digital education, which inevitably affected medical students. Globally, due to the closure of schools and universities, medical education was shifted to electronic learning (E-learning). \u0000This paper aimed to assess the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical education and determine medical students’ knowledge, attitude, and practices towards E-learning in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. \u0000Materials and Methods. An online cross-sectional study was conducted among 500 undergraduate students of seven medical colleges in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq, in November 2021, to assess their state during the COVID-19 pandemic and how this affected their education. \u0000Results. There were 50.6% of males and 49.4% of females. The mean age was 20.6 (± 1.5 SD) years. Approximately 17% of participants mentioned having financial issues, while 19.2% of students experienced health-related problems. As many as 67% of participants reported that the Internet quality was good or very good, whereas 46.8% of students disagreed that E-learning was a possible substitute for traditional learning. About two-thirds of participants agreed or were neutral that downloadable content was better than live content; however, only 19.2% of students agreed that E-learning could be used in the clinical aspect. A total of 52.2% of participants disagreed that E-testing could replace traditional learning methods. Surprisingly, 86.4% of students stated that they regularly used the Internet in their study. \u0000Conclusions. E-learning was the main adjustment made in the educational system, including medical education. The study concluded with insights into how different circumstances could have different consequences on the efficacy of medical education. E-learning showed effective results in continuing learning until the educational system switched to a blended system. Training programs for medical education personnel are vital in effective E-learning opportunities.","PeriodicalId":12537,"journal":{"name":"Galician Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43638746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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